Hiệu lực của thỏa thuận trong hòa giải tranh chấp thương mại

i.<br /> Qlqhim eiUi - '^me^ doi 86 8 (221)-2010<br /> <br /> <br /> HIEU LUC CUA THOA THUAN<br /> TRONG HOA GIAI TRANH CHAP THUDNG MAI<br /> •<br /> . ,, • ThS. NGUYgN BICH THAO *<br /> <br /> Bod gidi gidi quyei tranh chap thuang mgi dang Id mgl van de thdi si( trong ly ludn, phdp luat vd<br /> thifc tien dViel Nam. Nhieu vdn de ly ludn ve hod gidi chua duac ldm ro, trong do co hieu life cua<br /> thoa thudn hod gidi. Vdi viec neu hdt hdn chdt cua thoa thuan hod gidi, cdc cdch liep can ve dieu<br /> chinh phdp ludt ddi vai hieu life cua thoa thudn hod gidi, thifc trgng quy dinh cita phdp ludt Viei Nam<br /> hien hdnh ve van de ndy, bdi viei difa ra kien nghi cu the thiei kecdc quy dinh phdp ludt ve hieu life<br /> cua thoa thudn hod gidi, gai md md hinh td chdc hod gidi thuang mgi vd mgl sd kien nghi khdc khi<br /> xdy difng Ludi Hod gidi d Viei Nam, nhdm llii'tc ddy sif phdi Irien cua die dinh hod gidi Iranh chdp<br /> thuang mgi Irong nhdng ndm ldi.<br /> <br /> <br /> 1. Hoa giai giai quyet tranh chap thUdng mai chua dupc quy dinh cu the. Viet Nam cd mdt he thdng<br /> trong ly luan, phap luat va thyc tien hien nay d Viet cac td hoa giai d cd sd dUdc dieu chinh bdi Phap lenh<br /> Nam To chflc va hoat ddng hoa giai d cd sd nam 1998,<br /> Vao nhflng thap nien trd lai day, hoa giai ngay cang nhung pham vi tie'n hanh hoa giai cua cac td hoa giai<br /> dUdc sfl dung phd bien trong thyc tien giai quyei tranh nay khdng bao gom cac tranh chap thUdng mai.<br /> chap tren the gidi, nhai la trong Hnh vyc thUdng mai, Ngay 03/7/2009, Thu tUdng Chfnh phii da ky Quyei<br /> Vdi sy phat then cua cac quan he thUdng mai trong dinh sd 961/QO-TTg ban hanh ChUdng trinh hanh<br /> nen kinh te thi trudng d nUdc ta hien nay cac tranh dpng cua Chfnh phu ve phat then dich vu giai doan<br /> chap thUdng mai ngay cang gia tang, ddi hoi phai cd 2009-2011, trong dd, giao cho Bd Tu phap chu tri xay<br /> cac phUdng thflc giai quyei tranh chap da dang, linh dyng De an ve md hinh td chflc hoa giai thUdng mai d<br /> hoat, dap flng dUdc ddi hoi ciia cac chu the kinh doanh Viet Nam. Vay md hinh dd se dupc xay dyng nhU the<br /> ve tfnh ddn gian, bi mat, nhanh ehdng, tiei kiem... Hoa nao? Hien chUa cd mdt cdng trinh nghien cflu mang<br /> giai la phuong thflc giai quyei tranh chap cd kha nang tfnh he thd'ng, toan dien ve md hinh td chflc hoa giai<br /> dap flng dUdc d mfle dp kha cao cac yeu cau dd. thUdng mai d Viet Nam. Nhieu van de chUa dUdc lam<br /> Tuy nhien, hien nay hoa giai chua trd thanh mdt rd ve mat ly luan nhU: Dia vi phap ly cua td chflc hoa<br /> phUdng thflc giai quyei tranh chap thUdng mai dpc lap giai thUdng mai; dja vi phap ly, tieu chuan cua hoa giai<br /> d Viet Nam, ma chi la mpt thu tuc td tung trong qua vien; nguyen tac, trinh ty, thii tuc hoa giai; van de bao<br /> trinh giai quyei tranh chap tai toa an hoac trpng tai. mat thdng tin trong hoa giai; hieu lyc cua thoa thuan<br /> Mac dii Luat ThUdng mai nam 2005 da ghi nhan mdt dat dupc trong hoa giai v.v... Trong phap luat thyc<br /> trong cac hinh thflc giai quyei tranh chap thUdng mai dinh, ngoai khoan 2 Dieu 317 Luat ThUdng mai nam<br /> la "hoa giai gifla cac ben do mdt cd quan, td chflc hoac 2005, chua cd quy dinh phap luat cu the nao ve hoa<br /> ca nhan dUdc cac ben thda thuan chpn lam trung gian giai tranh chap thuong mai ngoai td tung. Cd the ndi,<br /> hoa giai" (khoan 2 Dieu 317), nhung hinh thflc nay day la mdt khoang trdng trong ly luan cung nhU trong<br /> <br /> <br /> ' Khoa Luat, Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi<br /> <br /> Ddn chu & Phdp ludt<br />  i.<br /> Qlqhim eiiu - ^ML^ doi 86 8 (221)-2010<br /> <br /> phap luat va khoang trdng nay la mdt nguyen nhan tha'y thoa thuan dat dUdc trong hoa giai la thoa thuan<br /> dan de'n viec hoa giai chua trd thanh mdt phUdng thflc cua chfnh cac ben tranh chap, the hien y chf ty nguyen<br /> giai quyet tranh chap thUdng mai ddc lap, dUdc cac cua hp; ngUdi hoa giai chi ddng vai trd giup dd cac ben<br /> doanh nhan Ua chudng, tranh chap dat dupc thoa thuan chfl khdng ra phan<br /> Trong pham vi bai viet nay tac gia chi xin de cap quyet budc cac ben phai thi hanh. Day la dac diem<br /> mpt khfa canh ctia hoa giai tranh chap thUdng mai, dd phan biet hoa giai vdi cac phUdng thflc giai quyet tranh<br /> la hieu lyc cua thoa thuan hoa giai, Mdt trong nhifng ly chap khac cung cd mat ben thfl ba nhU trpng tai, toa<br /> do khien cac ben tranh chap e ngai khi lya chon an. Mpi thoa thuan cua cac ben tranh chap dat dupc<br /> phUdng thflc hoa giai la thoa thuan dat dUdc trong hoa thdng qua hoa giai phai do chfnh cac ben quyei dinh<br /> giai khdng cd tfnh cUdng che thi hanh nhu mpt ban an, tren cd sd hoan toan ty nguyen, khdng cd sy ap dat tii<br /> quyet dinh cua toa an hay phan quyei cua trpng tai ben ngoai. Ban chai cua thoa thuan dd la mpt hpp<br /> thUdng mai. Do vay hieu lUc cua thoa thuan hoa giai ddng (hdp ddng dan xe'p hay hpp ddng dieu dinh),<br /> la mot khfa canh quan trpng cua hoa giai, can dUdc Phap luat dan sy nhieu nudc tren the gidi cd quy dinh<br /> nghien ciru va can sydieu chinh bang phap luat. rieng ve loai hdp ddng nay Ching han, Oieu 2044 Bo<br /> 2. Ban chai cua thoa thuan hoa giai luat Dan sU Phap quy dinh: "Dan xep la hdp ddng theo<br /> Khi xem xet hieu luc cua thoa thuan hoa giai, can dd cac ben cha'm dift mpt vu tranh chap da xay ra<br /> di tfl ban chai cua hoa giai. Trong thUc tiin, cac hoac phdng ngfla mpt vu tranh chap sap xay ra. Hdp<br /> phUdng thflc giai quyet tranh chap thUdng mai mang ddng nay phai lam thanh van ban"2. Hoac Dieu 850<br /> ban chai cua hoa giai cd bieu hien rai da dang, phong Bd luat Dan sy va ThUdng mai Thai Lan quy dinh:<br /> phu vdi nhiing ten gpi khac nhau nhU: Hoa giai "Thda hiep la hdp ddng qua dd cac ben dan xep mot<br /> (conciliation), trung gian (mediation), danh gia trung tranh chap, bai ke dd la thoa hiep thUc sU hay dang dy<br /> lap (neutral evaluation), phien hpp nhd (mini trial).,, dinh bang sy nhan nhUdng cua ca hai ben"3,<br /> Tuy mdi phUdng thflc cd quy trinh va ky nang tie'n hanh Bp luat Dan sU Viet Nam khdng cd quy dinh rieng<br /> khac nhau, nhung chimg gid'ng nhau ve ban chai, dd ve hdp ddng dan xep, nhUng cd the ap dung nhiing<br /> la deu cd sU cd mat cua ben thfl ba giiip dd cac ben quy dinh chung ve hdp ddng ddi vdi loai hdp ddng nay<br /> giai quyei tranh chap bang each thoa thuan va ben thfl Ban chai cua hdp ddng dan xe'p la thoa thuan cha'm<br /> ba nay khdng dUa ra phan quyei cd tfnh bat bupc ddi dift tranh chap gifla cac ben, do vay khi cac ben da<br /> vdi cac ben tranh chap. Do vay cac phUdng thflc neu dat dUdc thoa thuan vdi nhau cd nghia la tranh chap<br /> tren deu cd the dUdc gpi chung la hoa giai va sU phan da cha'm dift, ne'u sau dd mpt hoac cac ben khdng<br /> biet gifla cac phUdng thflc nay hau nhu khdng cd y thyc hien dimg thoa thuan thi tflc la phat sinh tranh<br /> nghia ve mat phap ly, ma chO yeu cd y nghia ve mat chap ve hpp ddng dan xe'p chfl khdng phai tranh chap<br /> phUdng phap, ky nang tien hanh hoa giai, Phap luat ban dau nfla,<br /> hoa giai cua cac nudc tren the gidi nhin chung deu 3. Cac each tiep can ve dieu chinh phap luat ddi<br /> dieu chinh tai ca cac phUdng thflc hoa giai, trung gian, vdi hieu lyc cua thoa thuan hoa giai<br /> danh gia trung lap... Luat mlu ve Hoa giai thUdng mai Tren the gidi, hien nay cd hai each tie'p can khac<br /> qud'c te cua Uy ban Luat ThUdng mai qud'c te Lien Hdp nhau ve dieu chinh phap luat ddi vdi hieu lyc ctia thoa<br /> Qudc (UNCITRAL) nam 2002 cung tiep can khai niem thuan hoa giai.<br /> "hoa giai" theo nghia rpng nhu vay'', Cach tiep can thd nhat la ghi nhan thoa thuan<br /> Xuai phat tfl ban chai cua hoa giai nhu tren, cd the hoa giai cd hieu lyc rang bupc cac ben tranh chap nhU<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Dan chu & Phdp ludt<br />  i.<br /> Qlqhim eiiu - ^nm doi 86 8 (221)-2010<br /> <br /> mdt hdp ddng va dupc cudng che thyc hien nhu doi vdi nfla, neu thoa thuan hoa giai chi cd hieu lyc rang budc<br /> hdp ddng thdng thudng; neu mdt trong cac ben vi nhu mpt hdp ddng thdng thudng thi cd the se lam nan<br /> pham hdp ddng thi ben bi vi pham phai khdi kien ra toa Idng cac ben mud'n thyc thi thoa thuan dd neu nhu quy<br /> an hoac trpng tai de bupc ben kia thyc hien dimg hdp trinh td tung tai toa an qua keo dai va tdn kem.<br /> ddng. Phap luat hoa giai cua nhieu nudc tren the gidi, Tuy nhien, mdt sd nha nghien cifu tren the gidi<br /> cung nhu Quy tac Hoa giai nam 1980 cua UNCITRAL khdng dong tinh vdi each tie'p can thfl hai, Theo dng<br /> di theo each tiep can nay Khoan 3 Dieu 13 ciia Quy Jernej Sekolec, Thu ky UNCITRAL, neu coi thoa<br /> tac Hoa giai nam 1980 quy dinh: "Bang viec ky kei thuan hoa giai cd hieu lyc nhu mdt ban an hay mot<br /> thoa thuan hoa giai bang van ban, cac ben cha'm dift phan quyei trpng tai thi se nay sinh van de la cac ben<br /> tranh chap va bi rang budc bdi thoa thuan hoa giai dd" khdng cd cd hdi yeu cau toa an tuyen bd thoa thuan<br /> va Oieu 13 Quy tac Hoa giai cung chii thich them rang: hoa giai vd hieu do bi nham lan, Ifla ddi hoac de doa<br /> "Cac ben cd the xem xet dUa vao van ban thoa thuan trong qua trinh tien hanh hoa giai. Do vay lai can phai<br /> hoa giai mdt dieu khoan quy dinh rang mpi tranh chap quy dinh mdt cd che rieng de huy thoa thuan hoa giai<br /> phat sinh tfl hoac lien quan tdi thoa thuan hoa giai se do nham lln, Ifla ddi hoac de doa, bdi mpt phan quyei<br /> dUdc dUa ra trpng tai giai quyet""*. cua toa an hay trpng tai thi khdng the bi huy dya tren<br /> Cach tiep can thd hai la coi thoa thuan hoa giai cac can cfl nay Cdn neu coi thoa thuan hoa giai cd<br /> cd hieu lyc nhu mdt ban an cua toa an hay mdt phan hieu lyc rang budc cac ben nhU mot hpp dong thdng<br /> quyei cua trpng tai, cd the dUa ra thi hanh ngay ma thUdng, thi mac dii cd han che la cac ben vln phai tie'n<br /> khdng can phai thdng qua thu tuc khdi kien nhu ddi hanh thu tuc khdi kien de cUdng che thi hanh thoa<br /> vdi hdp ddng thdng thudng. Trong phap luat cua mdt thuan dd, nhung cung khdng hin lam mai di tfnh Uu<br /> sd qud'c gia nhU Hungary va Han Qud'c, khi cac ben viet cua phUdng thflc hoa giai. Bdi khi khdi kien de<br /> tranh chap da dat dUdc thoa thuan thdng qua hoa thyc thi thoa thuan hoa giai, nghia vu chflng minh cua<br /> giai, thi cd quyen chi dinh mdt trpng tai vien de ra mpt ben cd quyen se nhe nhang hdn nhieu so vdi trudng<br /> phan quyei trpng tai dya tren thoa thuan hoa giai ctia hdp khdng sfl dung phUdng thflc hoa giai ngay tfl dau<br /> cac ben^. 0 Dflc va Ao, ne'u nhU mdt cdng chflng vien ma lya chpn phUdng an khdi kien ra toa an de giai<br /> cung ky vao thoa thuan hoa giai, thoa thuan dd se cd quyei tranh chap, vi nghia vu chimg minh se chi gidi<br /> hieu lyc nhu mdt ban an hay mdt phan quyei trpng han trong pham vi nhflng van de da thoa thuan trong<br /> tai^, Hoac d Phi-lfp-pin, Luat ve giai quyei tranh chap hoa giai, ma khdng phai chflng minh nhflng tinh tiei<br /> ngoai toa an nam 2004 quy dinh rang: "Cac ben cd cua tranh chap ban dau^, Ngoai ra, theo tac gia Tore<br /> the thoa thuan trong ban thoa thuan hoa giai rang hoa Wiwen-Nilsson, neu phap luat quy dinh viec chuyen<br /> giai vien trd thanh trpng tai vien duy nhai ddi vdi tranh hoa thoa thuan hoa giai thanh mdt phan quyei trpng<br /> chap nay va se coi thoa thuan hoa giai nhu mpt phan tai ghi nhan sy thoa thuan cua cac ben (trong tieng<br /> quyei trpng tai va dUdc thi hanh thee Luat Trpng Anh gpi la "a consent avi^ard", "an award on consent",<br /> tai,,,"7, hoac "an award on agreed terms" - phan quyei trpng<br /> Cach tie'p can thfl hai dUdc nhieu nha hoat ddng tai ve cac dieu khoan thoa thuan), se cdn dat ra nhieu<br /> thyc tidn trong Hnh vUc hoa giai thUdng mai ung hd, bdi van de phflc tap khac ve npi dung va hinh thflc the<br /> hp cho rang, quy dinh ve hieu lyc cua thoa thuan nhu hien cua phan quyei dd^.<br /> tren se tang sflc ha'p din cua hoa giai, khuyen khfch Luat mlu ve Hoa giai thUdng mai qud'c te cua<br /> cac ben tranh chap sfl dung phUdng thflc nay; hdn UNCITRAL (Luat mlu) khdng quy dinh cu the ve hieu<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Dan chu & Phdp ludt<br />  i.<br /> Qlqhim. eiiu - ^MU^ doi 86 8 (221)-2010<br /> <br /> lyc cua thoa thuan hoa giai, ma de ngd van de nay cho tham, neu cac dUdng sU thda thuan dUdc vdi nhau ve<br /> phap luat qud'c gia, Oieu 14 Luat mau chi quy djnh: viec giai quyei vu an thi hdi ddng xet xfl cung ra quyei<br /> "Neu cac ben dat dUdc thoa thuan giai quyei tranh dinh cdng nhan sU thoa thuan cua dUdng sy (Dieu 220<br /> chap, thoa thuan hoa giai dd cd tfnh rang budc va cd Bd luat Td tung dan sU). Cdn trudc hoac tai phien toa<br /> the thi hanh dupc", Oieu 14 cung chii thfch rang, cac phiic tham, neu cac dUdng sy thoa thuan dUdc vdi<br /> qudc gia khi ban hanh dao luat hoa giai ciia nudc minh nhau ve viec giai quyet vu an thi hdi ddng xet xfl phiic<br /> cd the quy dinh rd ve phUdng thflc thi hanh thoa thuan tham sfla ban an sd tham, cdng nhan sy thoa thuan<br /> hoa giai hoac dan chieu tdi cac quy dinh rieng ve thi cua dUdng sU (Oieu 270 Bd luat Td tung dan sy). Nhu<br /> hanh thoa thuan dd, Quy dinh mang tinh "md" nay cua vay tuy thudc vao viec hoa giai thanh d giai doan td<br /> UNCITRAL phan anh sUda dang trong each tie'p can tung dan sy nao ma hinh thflc the hien ket qua hoa<br /> cua cac qud'c gia ve dieu chinh phap luat ddi vdi hieu giai trong td tung dan sy cd the la mdt quyei dinh td<br /> lyc cua thoa thuan hoa giai, vi vay, UNCITRAL khd cd tung hoac ban an cd hieu lyc bat budc ddi vdi cac ben<br /> the dUa ra mdt giai phap mang tinh thd'ng nhai trong dUdng sy, dupc thi hanh theo thu tuc thi hanh an dan<br /> Dieu 14 cua Luat mau, sy,<br /> 4. Quy djnh cua phap luat Viet Nam hien hanh Theo Oieu 37 Phap lenh Trpng tai thUdng mai nam<br /> ve hieu lUc ciia thoa thuan hoa giai trong giai 2003, trong qua trinh td tung trpng tai, cac ben cd the<br /> quyet tranh chap thudng mai va mot sd kien nghj yeu cau Hpi ddng Trpng tai tien hanh hoa giai. Trong<br /> Nhu tren da neu, hoa giai hien nay chua trd thanh trudng hpp hoa giai thanh, thi cac ben cd the yeu cau<br /> mdt phUdng thflc giai quyei tranh chap thUdng mai Hdi ddng Trpng tai lap bien ban hoa giai thanh va ra<br /> ddc lap d Viet Nam, mac du Luat ThUdng mai da ghi quyei dinh cdng nhan hoa giai thanh. Quyei dinh nay<br /> nhan phUdng thflc nay Hoa giai tranh chap thUdng la chung tham va dUdc thi hanh nhU mdt quyet dinh<br /> mai chu yeu dUdc tie'n hanh trong td tung dan sy hoac trpng tai. Luat Trpng tai thUdng mai (mdi dUdc Qud'c<br /> trong td tung trpng tai va thoa thuan dat dUdc thdng hdi thdng qua ngay 17/6/2010 va cd hieu lyc tfl ngay<br /> qua hoa giai trong to tung cd hieu lUc thi hanh nhU 01/11/2011) cung quy dinh theo hudng dd,<br /> mdt ban an, quyei dinh cua toa an hoac mdt phan Nhu vay ddi vdi hoa giai trong td tung dan sy tai<br /> quyei cua trpng tai, dUdc thi hanh theo thu tuc thi toa an va hoa giai trong td tung trpng tai, hieu lUc cua<br /> hanh an dan sU, thoa thuan hoa giai da dUdc phap luat xac dinh ro;<br /> Trong td tung dan sy, hoa giai la thu tuc bat budc nhung ddi vdi hoa giai ngoai to tung thi chua cd quy<br /> trudc phien toa sd tham; neu cac dUdng sy thda thuan dinh cu the.<br /> dupc vdi nhau ve toan bd cac van de phai giai quyei Tuy nhien, cung can ndi them rang, phap luat hien<br /> trong vu an thi Toa an lap bien ban hoa giai thanh. Hei hanh khdng chi thieu rieng quy dinh ve hieu lyc cua<br /> thdi han 7 ngay ke tfl ngay lap bien ban hoa giai thanh thoa thuan hoa giai, ma thieu cd sd phap ly chung cho<br /> ma khdng cd dUdng sy nao thay ddi y kien ve sy thoa toan bd hoat dpng hoa giai tranh chap thUdng mai. Do<br /> thuan dd thi tham phan ra quyet dinh cdng nhan sy vay viec hoan thien cac quy dinh phap luat ve hieu lUc<br /> thoa thuan cua cac dUdng sU, Quyei dinh nay cd hieu cua thoa thuan hoa giai can dUdc dat trong kien nghi<br /> lyc phap luat ngay sau khi dupc ban hanh va khdng bi tdng the ve xay dyng md hinh hoa giai tranh chap<br /> khang cao, khang nghi theo thu tuc phiic tham, nhung thUdng mai d Viet Nam.<br /> cd the bi khang nghi theo thu tuc giam ddc tham (Dieu Cd the du bao rang, trong tUdng lai, hoa giai se trd<br /> 187, 188 Bp luat Td tung dan sU). Tai phien toa sd thanh mpt phUdng thflc giai quyei tranh chap thUdng<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Dan chu & Phdp ludt<br />  i.<br /> Qlqhim eiOu - ^mo^ doi 86 8 (221)-2010<br /> <br /> mai ddc lap va tien tdi ngay cang mang tfnh chuyen tri ngay 02/6/2005 ve Chien lUdc cai each tU phap de'n<br /> nghiep d Viet Nam. Mpt minh chflng la nam 2007, nam 2020 da khing dinh: "Khuyen khfch viec giai<br /> Trung tam Trpng tai thUdng mai qud'c te Viet Nam quyei mpt sd tranh chap thdng qua thUdng lUdng, hoa<br /> (VIAC) ben canh Phdng ThUdng mai va Cdng nghiep giai, trpng tai; toa an hd trd bang quyei dinh cdng nhan<br /> Viet Nam da bd sung them chflc nang hoa giai bang viec giai quyei dd", Hien nay cung cd y kien cho rang,<br /> viec thanh lap rieng mpt bd phan tien hanh hoa giai de hda giai dUdc cac doanh nghiep lya chpn nhu mdt<br /> chuyen nghiep va da ban hanh Bd Quy tac hoa giai bien phap giai quyet tranh chap, can cd cd che hd trd<br /> rieng gdm 20 dieu, cd hieu lUc tfl 10/9/2007. VIAC da tu phap ddi vdi viec giai quyei cac tranh chap theo<br /> nam lan tie'n hanh hoa giai theo de nghi cua cac ben hudng kei qua hda giai cd the dUdc tda an cd tham<br /> va deu hoa giai thanh (tuy mdi chi dflng lai d hoa giai quyen cdng nhan de dam bao kha nang thi hanh tren<br /> tranh chap gifla cac doanh nghiep trong nudc)''^. Tuy thyc te"'''. Van de dat ra la toa an cdng nhan kei qua<br /> nhien, de hoa giai timg budc phat then d Viet Nam, hoa giai nhuthe nao? Oieu nay can dUdc quy dinh rd<br /> khdng nen chi trdng dpi vad sy phat then ty than cua trong Luat Hoa giai.<br /> nd, ma can cd sy tac ddng tfch cyc tfl phfa Nha nudc Theo chiing tdi, Luat Hoa giai nen quy djnh theo<br /> bang cac giai phap ddng bd ve mat the che, td chflc, hudng cac ben tranh chap cd quyen yeu cau Toa an<br /> nhan sy, cd sd vat chai, nang cao nhan thflc xa hdi.,,, cdng nhan thoa thuan hoa giai theo thu tuc giai quyei<br /> trong dd, yeu td the che (phap luat) ddng vai trd quan viec dan sy. Bdi theo phap luat td tung dan sy hien<br /> trpng trudc tien, lam cd sd, tien de cho cac yeu td hanh, Toa an cd tham quyen giai quyei ca cac vu an<br /> khac. dan sy va viec dan sy. Can cfl vao ban chai cua cac<br /> Vi vay kien nghj dau tien mang tfnh tdng the va lau loai viec dan sy, cd the chia cac viec dan sy thudc<br /> dai la can xiic tien viec xay dyng Luat Hoa giai, nham tham quyen giai quyei cua Toa an thanh hai nhdm:<br /> tao cd sd phap ly thd'ng nhai, dieu chinh toan dien mpi Nhom thd nhat la cac viec dan sy ma ban chai la<br /> van de ve hoa giai, trong dd cd van de hieu lyc cua khdng cd tranh chap ve quyen, ldi fch hdp phap gifla<br /> thoa thuan hoa giai (hien nay Luat Hoa giai da dUdc cac ben do cac dUdng sy da thoa thuan dUdc vdi nhau<br /> dua vao ChUdng trinh xay dyng luat, phap lenh cua va cung yeu cau Toa an cdng nhan de lam cd sd cho<br /> Qud'c hdi khoa XII do Bd Tu phap chii tri soan thao). viec thi hanh an. Theo quy dinh cua Bd luat Td tung<br /> Pham vi dieu chinh cua Luat Hoa giai cd the bao gom dan sy, nhdm nay hien chi bao gom hai loai viec ve<br /> ca hoa giai tranh chap thUdng mai, hda giai d cd sd va hdn nhan va gia dinh: Yeu cau cdng nhan thuan tinh<br /> hoa giai trong cac Hnh vyc khac. ly hdn, nudi con, chia tai san khi ly hdn va yeu cau<br /> Khi xay dyng Luat Hoa giai, hieu lyc ciia thoa cdng nhan sy thoa thuan ve thay ddi ngudi trUc tie'p<br /> thuan hoa giai nen dUdc quy dinh nhu the nao, theo nudi con sau khi ly hdn; Nhom thi^hai la cac viec dan<br /> each tiep can thfl nhai hay each tiep can thfl hai? sy ma ban chai la khdng cd tranh chap ve quyen, ldi<br /> Viec lya chpn each tiep can nao phu thudc vao fch hdp phap gifla cac ben do tfnh chai dac thii cua<br /> dieu kien, hoan canh cu the cua mdi qud'c gia. Trong loai viec va chi mdt ben dUdng sy yeu cau Toa an giai<br /> dieu kien hoa giai tranh chap thUdng mai (ngdai td quyei, NhU vay tren cd sd xac dinh dUdc ban chai ciia<br /> tung) d Viet Nam mdi manh nha, chua phat then, theo hai nhdm viec dan sy, cac nha lam luat hoan toan cd<br /> chiing tdi, can phai cd nhifng quy dinh phap luat mang the md rdng, quy dinh bd sung nhifng loai viec dan sy<br /> tfnh thiic day de khuyen khfch viec sfl dung phUdng khac cd ciing ban chai dUdc giai quyei theo thu tuc<br /> thifc hoa giai. Nghi quyei sd 49-NQ/TW cua Bd Chfnh giai quyei viec dan su''^, trong dd cd yeu cau Toa an<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Dan chu & Phdp ludt<br />  i.<br /> Qlqhim eiiu - Q'fofi^ doi 86 8 (221)-2010<br /> <br /> cdng nhan thoa thuan hoa giai. Sau khi tranh chap da quyen ty dinh doat cua cac ben va thoa thuan hoa giai<br /> dupc hoa giai thanh (ngoai td tung), cac ben cd the cung dupc thi hanh nhu mdt ban an hay mdt phan quyei<br /> yeu cau Toa an cdng nhan sy thoa thuan dd theo thu trpng tai ne'u nhu dUdc toa an cdng nhan •<br /> tuc giai quyet viec dan sy - mpt thu tuc ddn gian, td'n<br /> ft thdi gian va chi phf hdn nhieu so vdi thu tuc giai 1. Xem Dieu 1, UNCITRAL tVlodelLavi/on International<br /> quyet vu an dan sU. Vdi quyet dinh cdng nhan sy thoa Commercial Conciliation 2002, www.uncitral.org.<br /> thuan cua Toa an, cac ben cd le se bdt lo ngai hdn ve 2. Nha Phap luat Viet - Phap, Bo luat Dan si/cda nudc<br /> Cong hoa Phap, Nxb. Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha Noi, 1998, tr<br /> hieu lyc "yeu" cua thoa thuan hoa giai (tuy nhien,<br /> 514.<br /> quyei dinh cdng nhan sU thoa thuan cua Tea an cd<br /> 3. Bo luat Dan st/ va Thuang mai Thai Lan, Nxb. Ctiinh<br /> dupc thi hanh tren thyc te hay khdng cdn phu thudc rai<br /> tri Qudc gia, Ha Ngi 1995, tr 215.<br /> nhieu vao chai lupng, hieu qua cua cdng tac thi hanh<br /> 4. UNCITRAL Conciliation Rules 1980,<br /> an dan sy). www.uncitral.org.<br /> Ben canh giai phap ve hoan thien phap luat, can 5. UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial<br /> cd nhieu giai phap ddng bd khac de thiic day sy phat Conciliation with Guide to Enactment and Use 2002,<br /> then cua hoa giai ndi chung va hoa giai tranh chap www.uncitral.org<br /> 6. Alexander, N. "The UNCITRAL tVlodel Law on<br /> thUdng mai d Viet Nam ndi rieng. Giai phap ve td chflc<br /> International Commercial Conciliation - An interview with<br /> va con ngudi cung ddng vai trd rai quan trpng. Do dd,<br /> Jernej Sekolec", 15 (4) World Arbitration and tvlediation<br /> Bd Tu phap can khan trUdng hoan thanh De an xay<br /> Report 2004.<br /> dyng md hinh td chflc hoa giai thUdng mai theo Quyei 7. Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 2004 of the<br /> djnh sd 961/QO-TTg cua Thu tUdng Chinh phu ndi Philippines, Section 17(d), http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/<br /> tren, trong dd de xuai md hinh td chflc hoa giai thUdng repacts/ra2004/ra_9285_2004.html<br /> mai phu hdp vdi dieu kien ciia Viet Nam. Theo chimg 8. ALEXANDER, N. "The UNCITRAL Model Law on<br /> tdi, nen xay dyng td chflc nay cd dia vi phap ly tUdng International Commercial Conciliation - An interview with<br /> ty nhu cac trung tam trpng tai thUdng mai, la td chflc Jernej Sekolec", 15 (4) V/odd Arbitration and Mediation<br /> Report 2004.<br /> phi ldi nhuan, cung flng dich vu hoa giai cd thu phf, vdi<br /> 9. Xem them: Tore Wiwen-Nilsson, Conciliation:<br /> cac hoa giai vien mang tfnh chuyen nghiep nhu cac<br /> Enforcement of settlement agreements, Bao cao khoa hoc<br /> trpng tai vien, dupc dao tao ve ky nang giai quyei<br /> tai Dai hgi ky niem ky hgp thuang nien lan thd 40 cQa<br /> tranh chap thUdng mai. Ban than cac trung tam trpng UNCITRAL, Vienna, 9-12/7/2007, www.uncitral.org/<br /> tai cGng cd the thyc hien dich vu hoa giai tranh chap pdf/engllsh/congressA/Viwen-Nilsson.pdf<br /> thUdng mai (dieu nay da dupc quy dinh treng Luat 10. Tran Viet Anh, Hoa giai ngoai to tung - Mgtphaang<br /> Trong tai thUdng mai). thitc giai quyet tranh chap thuang mai. Tap chi Dan chu va<br /> Ngoai ra, can tang cUdng cac bien phap truyen Phap luat, sd 5/2010, tr 53.<br /> thdng nham nang cao nhan thflc cua gidi doanh nhan 11. Huy Anh, Giai quyet tranh chap ngoai to tung:<br /> "Chuyen nghiep hoa" hoat dong hoa giai, xem tren trang<br /> ve cac phUdng thflc giai quyei tranh chap thUdng mai<br /> web: htip://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/ct/tintuc/Lists/Thongtinkhac/<br /> ngdai toa an, trong dd cd hoa giai, giiip hp tha'y rd dupc<br /> View_Detail.aspx?ltemlD= 4167, ngay 29/3/2010.<br /> nhflng uu viet va nhflng ldi fch ma hoa giai dem lai, de<br /> 12. TS. Tran Anh Tuan, Van de nhap, tach cac yeu cau<br /> timg budc hinh thanh thdi quen giai quyet tranh chap trong vu viec dan sd va ca che chuyen hoa giCta viec dan<br /> bang hoa giai - mdt phUdng thflc ddn gian, tien ldi, Sd, vu an dan sd, Tap chi Toa an nhan dan thang 9-2006<br /> nhanh ehdng, tiei kiem thdi gian, chi phi, dam bao tdi da (sd 18), tr 10.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Dan chu & Phdp luat<br />