Improved composition of Hawaiian basalt BHVO-1 from the application of two new and three conventional recursive discordancy tests

In order to establish the best statistical procedure for estimating improved compositional data in geochemical reference materials for quality control purposes, we evaluated the test performance criterion (πD|C) and swamping (πswamp) and masking (πmask) effects of 30 conventional and 32 new discordancy tests for normal distributions from central tendency slippage δ = 2–10, number of contaminants E = 1–4, and sample sizes n = 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80.