Kết hợp đặc trưng thị giác và ngữ nghĩa trong truy vấn video số dựa trên mô hình phân cấp dữ liệu

’<br /> Tap ch´ Tin hoc v` Diˆu khiˆ n hoc, T.23, S.1 (2007), 27—38<br /> ı<br /> e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> . a `<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˘<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ˜.<br /> KET HO P DAC TRU NG THI GIAC VA NGU NGH˜<br /> IA<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ INH PHAN CAP DU. LIEU<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˜<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> TRONG TRUY VAN VIDEO SO DU A TREN MO H`<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ´.<br /> NGUYEN LAM1 , LY QUOC NGOC2 , DU O NG ANH DU C2<br /> .<br /> 1 Tru.`.ng<br /> o<br /> <br /> ´<br /> Dai hoc Lu.o.ng Thˆ Vinh, Nam Dinh<br /> e<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> 2 Tru.`.ng Dai hoc Khoa hoc Tu. nhiˆn - DHQG - Hˆ Ch´ Minh<br /> ` ı<br /> o<br /> o<br /> e<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> Abstract. Nowadays, digital video documents grow in both the number and the size of storing<br /> spaces. Therefore, it requires efficient management techniques and methods that allow retrieving<br /> video documents in an efficient way. This paper presents a method for automatic structural analysis<br /> of digital videos to generate the table of content and the index table of the given videos.These tables<br /> allow storing videos by a hierarchy of video, cluster of shots, shots, key-frames of shots, cluster of<br /> regions. Then a method for retrieving videos by using the input data as visual feature and semantic<br /> concepts is represented.<br /> The video retrieval is performed by two steps in off-line and on-line modes. The off-line step<br /> consists of decomposing a video sequence into elementary segments. Then, these elementary segments<br /> are classified by a hierarchical clustering algorithm. Finally, a table of content and an index table<br /> are generated for the given video sequence. The on-line step consists of retrieving videos based on a<br /> hierachical data base using the input data as video clip, shot ,key-frames, representatives of region’s<br /> clusters, then the retrieved results are filtered by semantic concepts.<br /> The obtained results show that the proposed model is more efficient than the traditional systems<br /> which are only based on global, local visual features or keywords.<br /> ’ o o .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> o<br /> u a a<br /> e<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> T´m t˘t. Hiˆn nay d˜. liˆu video sˆ du.o.c lu.u tr˜. v` ph´t triˆ n v´.i sˆ lu.o.ng ng`y c`ng t˘ng, do<br /> o<br /> a<br /> e<br /> u e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .c quan l´ h˜.u hiˆu ho.n dˆ phuc vu viˆc truy t`<br /> ’<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ` a ` o o a<br /> ’ y u<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> u<br /> e<br /> e<br /> ım<br /> vˆy dˆ n dˆn mˆt nhu cˆu l` cˆn c´ mˆt c´ch th´<br /> a a e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .c truy t` Trong b`i b´o n`y ch´ ng tˆi tr` b`y mˆt phu.o.ng ph´p gi´ p phˆn<br /> thˆng tin v` c´ch th´<br /> o<br /> a a<br /> u<br /> ım.<br /> a a a<br /> u<br /> o ınh a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´ `<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> u ’<br /> o a<br /> a ’ .<br /> u<br /> t´ tu. dˆng cˆ u tr´ c cua video sˆ nh˘ m tao ra ban muc luc v` chı muc, gi´ p lu.u tr˜. nˆi dung doan<br /> ıch . o<br /> u o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ınh ınh, l´.p c´c<br /> o a<br /> video sˆ theo cˆ u tr´ c phˆn cˆ p: video, l´.p c´c doan co. so., doan co. so., khung h` ch´<br /> o<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a a<br /> o a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> v`ng v` truy vˆ n du.a v`o d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c v` ng˜. ngh˜<br /> u<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a a<br /> ıa.<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a a u<br /> .o.c tiˆp cˆn b˘ ng viˆc dˆu tiˆn l` phˆn t´ tu. dˆng video sˆ th`nh c´c doan co. so.,<br /> `<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´ a a<br /> ’<br /> e a a ıch . o<br /> o a<br /> a<br /> B`i to´n du .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e .<br /> e a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.ng ph´p phˆn l´.p phˆn cˆ p v` cuˆi c`ng l` r´t gon cˆ u tr´c phˆn<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> a a a o u<br /> a u . a<br /> u<br /> a<br /> sau d´ nh´m ch´ ng lai theo phu<br /> o o<br /> u<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´ e .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a ’ .<br /> e<br /> a<br /> cˆ p dˆ tao bang muc luc v` chı muc. Viˆc truy vˆ n du.o.c thu.c hiˆn du.a trˆn cˆ u tr´ c phˆn cˆ p<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e a<br /> u<br /> a a<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .i hai giai doan, trong giai doan dˆu, kˆt qua truy vˆ n du.a v`o d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c, trong giai doan<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> v´<br /> o<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ ´<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> u<br /> ıa a<br /> cuˆi, kˆt qua du.o.c loc lai du.a v`o ng˜. ngh˜ ho˘c ngu.o.c lai.<br /> o e<br /> . . . .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> Kˆt qua thu.c nghiˆm cho thˆ y phu.o.ng ph´p n`y dat kˆt qua cao ho.n so v´.i phu.o.ng ph´p truy<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> . e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’ .<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> a .<br /> o a<br /> u<br /> ıa.<br /> vˆ n chı du.a v`o d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c to`n cuc, cuc bˆ ho˘c ng˜. ngh˜<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> ´.<br /> ˆ<br /> 1. GIO I THIEU<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> e a a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> B`i b´o dˆ xuˆt xˆy du.ng mˆt hˆ thˆng truy vˆ n video sˆ o. dang tˆ ng qu´t, dˆ ng th`.i<br /> a a `<br /> o e o<br /> a<br /> o ’ .<br /> o<br /> a<br /> .<br /> . . ´<br /> <br /> 28<br /> <br /> . .<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ´.<br /> NGUYEN LAM, LY QUOC NGOC, DU O NG ANH DU C<br /> .<br /> <br /> ’ .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ` o .<br /> ’<br /> a ’ .<br /> a<br /> c´ thˆ hiˆu chınh dˆ d´p u.ng truy vˆ n o. dang d˘c th` nh˘ m d´p u.ng nhu cˆu c´ thu.c trong<br /> o e e<br /> e a ´<br /> a<br /> u `<br /> a<br /> a ´<br /> .<br /> .`.i ta chu.a thˆ xˆy du.ng du.o.c c´c hˆ truy vˆn video d´p u.ng<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> e a<br /> a e<br /> a<br /> a ´<br /> x˜ hˆi thˆng tin. Hiˆn nay ngu o<br /> a o<br /> o<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ a<br /> ´<br /> ´ .<br /> ` u cua ngu.`.i d`ng do ban chˆt rˆ t da dang cua dang d˜. liˆu video sˆ, dang d˜.<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> o u<br /> a<br /> o<br /> u<br /> u e<br /> moi yˆu cˆ<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . e a<br /> ´<br /> ´ ˜<br /> ´ ´<br /> e a e<br /> a<br /> o a<br /> liˆu mang yˆu tˆ khˆng gian v` th`.i gian.Tuy nhiˆn c´c hˆ truy vˆ n video sˆ vˆn dang du.o.c<br /> e<br /> e o o<br /> a o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ´ . ´<br /> e o o o a<br /> a ’<br /> o o<br /> a<br /> a ´<br /> nghiˆn c´.u v` ph´t triˆ n v´.i tˆc dˆ rˆt nhanh nh˘ m d´p u.ng du.o.c yˆu cˆu cua cuˆc sˆng.<br /> e u a a<br /> . e `<br /> . ´<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’ o<br /> e a e<br /> e u<br /> o e u a a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> Trong bˆi canh d´, kˆ th`.a v` ph´t triˆn c´c kˆt qua nghiˆn c´.u cua cˆng dˆ ng truy vˆ n<br /> o ’<br /> .<br /> . trong v` ngo`i nu.´.c, d´ng g´p ch´ cua b`i b´o l` phˆn t´ tu. dˆng cˆ u tr´ c<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> video sˆ o<br /> o ’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> o<br /> ınh ’ a a a a ıch . o<br /> a<br /> u<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´ a<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> u o<br /> o<br /> cua video sˆ nh˘ m tao ra bang muc luc v` chı muc, gi´p lu.u tr˜. nˆi dung doan video sˆ theo<br /> o `<br /> a ’ .<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> a a u<br /> ıa<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> cˆ u tr´c phˆn cˆp v` kˆt ho.p d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c v` ng˜. ngh˜ trong truy vˆn video sˆ.<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a a a e .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .´.ng tiˆp cˆn n`y gi´ p ch´ng tˆi tˆn dung du.o.c c´c u.u diˆm cua truy vˆ n du.a v`o d˘c<br /> ’<br /> ´ .<br /> ´ . a a<br /> ’<br /> e a a<br /> u<br /> u<br /> o a .<br /> e<br /> a<br /> Hu o<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> u<br /> ıa. u<br /> a<br /> u<br /> o ’<br /> o<br /> a<br /> tru.ng thi gi´c v` truy vˆn du.a v`o ng˜. ngh˜ D`ng d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c, ch´ng tˆi giam b´.t<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e<br /> o<br /> c´c kh´ kh˘n trong viˆc diˆn dat b˘ ng l`.i trong cˆu truy vˆ n c´c yˆu cˆu liˆn quan dˆn thˆng<br /> a<br /> o a<br /> e ˜ . `<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a a e ` e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> ’ e<br /> ’<br /> tin thi gi´c. D`ng t`. kh´a dˆ diˆn dat ng˜. ngh˜ ch´ng tˆi giam b´.t kh´ kh˘n trong viˆc<br /> a<br /> u<br /> u o e ˜<br /> ıa, u<br /> o<br /> o<br /> o a<br /> e<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .i yˆu cˆu r´t tr´ c´c canh b`<br /> ˜ . e `<br /> ´ a<br /> a<br /> ınh<br /> a<br /> a `<br /> o<br /> a<br /> ı . o<br /> diˆn dat yˆu cˆu truy vˆ n b˘ ng thˆng tin thi gi´c. V´ du v´ e ` u ıch a ’<br /> e<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’ u<br /> u<br /> e a<br /> o a<br /> u o e o ’<br /> minh, ho`ng hˆn o. Sapa, ch´ng ta s˜ g˘p kh´ kh˘n khi phai d`ng t`. kh´a dˆ mˆ ta Sapa.<br /> a<br /> o ’<br /> .<br /> .i yˆu cˆu r´ t tr´ch c´c doan video c´ ch´.a canh thiˆn nhiˆn, nˆu truy vˆn du.a v`o<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o u ’<br /> V´ du v´ e ` u ı<br /> ı . o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .ng thi gi´c, ch´ng ta s˜ phai chuˆ n bi nhiˆu dang anh vˆ thiˆn nhiˆn nhu. b˜i biˆ n,<br /> ’ .<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> u<br /> e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a e<br /> d˘c tru<br /> a<br /> . a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ` `<br /> ´<br /> ´ . a u o<br /> ’ ` o a u o<br /> n´i dˆ i, dˆ ng ruˆng,..., nˆu truy vˆ n du.a v`o t`. kh´a, ch´ng ta chı cˆn g˜ v`o t`. kh´a thiˆn<br /> u o o<br /> u<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> nhiˆn.<br /> e<br /> ’ e e e o<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´ e<br /> ´ ´ . ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a ` ınh<br /> Dˆ thiˆt kˆ hˆ thˆng truy t` video sˆ du.a v`o nˆi dung, cˆn giai quyˆt hai vˆ n dˆ ch´<br /> e<br /> ım<br /> o . a o<br /> .<br /> .c, biˆu diˆn d˜. liˆu video sˆ (theo cˆ u tr´c th´ ho.p cho viˆc lu.u tr˜., truy vˆ n)<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ˜ u e<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o<br /> a<br /> u<br /> ıch .<br /> e<br /> u<br /> a<br /> l` tˆ ch´<br /> a o u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .c truy vˆ n (bao h`m c´ch th´.c nhˆp liˆu khi truy vˆ n v` chiˆn lu.o.c truy t`<br /> ´<br /> ´ a<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> ım).<br /> v` c´ch th´<br /> a a<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ˜ u e<br /> ´ ’<br /> ´<br /> Trong viˆc tˆ ch´.c, biˆu diˆn d˜. liˆu video sˆ dˆ lu.u tr˜. v` truy vˆ n, ch´ng tˆi chuˆ n bi d˜.<br /> e o u<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o e<br /> u a<br /> a<br /> u<br /> o<br /> a . u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´ . a a<br /> ıa.<br /> liˆu dˆ truy vˆ n du.a v`o d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c v` ng˜. ngh˜<br /> e e<br /> a<br /> . a a u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> a a<br /> u<br /> o ´<br /> o<br /> a<br /> Nh˘ m chuˆ n bi d˜. liˆu dˆ truy vˆ n du.a v`o d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c, ch´ ng tˆi u.ng dung c´<br /> a<br /> a . u e e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.ng ph´p gi´p phˆn doan video th`nh c´c doan co. so., tu. dˆng thiˆt lˆp cˆ u<br /> ´ . ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ . o<br /> ’ e<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e a a<br /> cai tiˆn mˆt phu<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .´.i dang bang muc luc v` chı muc du.a trˆn d˘c tru.ng m`u v` d˘c tru.ng chuyˆ n<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’ .<br /> e a<br /> a a a<br /> e<br /> tr´c video du o .<br /> u<br /> . . a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . mˆ phong gˆn giˆng v´.i bang muc luc v` chı muc cua mˆt cuˆn s´ch.<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o ’<br /> o<br /> o a<br /> dˆng, diˆu n`y c´ su o<br /> o<br /> e a o .<br /> . . a ’ .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .i d˜. liˆu nhˆp l` doan video, ch´ng tˆi cho kˆt xuˆ t l` bang muc luc v` chı muc cua doan<br /> ´<br /> ´ a ’<br /> ’ . ’<br /> V´ u e<br /> o<br /> a a .<br /> u<br /> o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . . a<br /> .<br /> ` ’<br /> ’<br /> o<br /> o o<br /> a ’<br /> a ı<br /> o<br /> a ’ .<br /> video d´. So. dˆ tˆ ng qu´t cua qu´ tr`nh tu. dˆng tao bang muc luc v` chı muc :<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a .<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a a<br /> Phˆn doan tuˆn tu. → Tao cˆu tr´c phˆn cˆ p → Tao bang muc luc v` chı muc.<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . . a ’ .<br /> ’ ch´.c d˜. liˆu, thu.c hiˆn lu.u tr˜. c´c thˆng tin theo so. dˆ phˆn cˆp sau.<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ` a o<br /> e<br /> u a<br /> o<br /> o a a<br /> Vˆ m˘t tˆ u u e<br /> e .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´i v´.i d˘c tru.ng to`n cuc, lu.u tr˜.:<br /> Dˆ o a<br /> o<br /> a .<br /> u<br /> .<br /> ` ’ . e ’ o a<br /> ’ a<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> + D˘c tru.ng cua phˆn tu. dai diˆn cua l´.p c´c doan co. so., d˘c tru.ng cua doan co. so. trong<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .p.<br /> l´<br /> o<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’ o<br /> ınh ınh ’<br /> a ’ .<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> + D˘c tru.ng cua khung h` ch´ cua phˆn tu. dai diˆn cua l´.p, d˘c tru.ng cua khung<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> o<br /> h` ch´ cua doan co. so. trong l´.p.<br /> ınh ınh ’<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> u<br /> Dˆi v´.i d˘c tru.ng cuc bˆ, lu.u tr˜.:<br /> o o a<br /> . o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .ng cua v`ng tiˆu biˆu cua doan co. so. dai diˆn.<br /> ’ ’<br /> ’ u<br /> ’ .<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> + D˘c tru<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .a v`o c´c d˘c tru.ng to`n cuc v` cuc bˆ, c´ thˆ truy t` c´c dˆi tu.o.ng tu.o.ng tu. trong<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> a . a . o o e<br /> ım a o<br /> Du a a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .ng cuc bˆ chı thˆ hiˆn du.o.c su. tu.o.ng tu. vˆ m˘t cˆ u tr´ c cua v`ng<br /> ’ .<br /> ` a a<br /> ’<br /> o ’ e e<br /> e . ´<br /> u ’ u<br /> anh, tuy nhiˆn c´c d˘c tru<br /> e a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ .<br /> ’ .<br /> ´<br /> e e e<br /> e e ’ u<br /> u<br /> ı ’ ’<br /> ı a<br /> u<br /> ch´. chu.a thˆ hiˆn hˆt du.o.c c´i m` v`ng thˆ hiˆn o. m´.c ng˜. ngh˜a cua anh. V` vˆy ch´ng<br /> u<br /> . a a u<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> tˆi kˆt ho.p thˆm ng˜. ngh˜ v`o viˆc truy vˆ n.<br /> o e .<br /> e<br /> u<br /> ıa a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˘<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ˜.<br /> KET HO P DAC TRU NG THI GIAC VA NGU NGH˜<br /> IA<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 29<br /> <br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ˜<br /> `<br /> ´ .<br /> u<br /> ı<br /> o o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> Nh˘ m chuˆ n bi d˜. liˆu dˆ truy vˆ n du.a ng˜. ngh˜a, trong mˆ i l´.p trong cˆy muc luc ho˘c<br /> a<br /> a . u e e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> . so. dai diˆn, sau d´ tiˆn h`nh phˆn doan c´c khung h`nh cua co.<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’ .<br /> e<br /> o e a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> ı<br /> cˆy chı muc, chon doan co ’ .<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’ . e<br /> o<br /> o<br /> ı a<br /> so. dai diˆn th`nh c´c v` ng, c´c v`ng n`y kh´c v´.i c´c dˆi tu.o.ng khˆng gian-th`.i gian v` c´c<br /> a<br /> a u<br /> a u<br /> a<br /> a o a o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’ o<br /> a ’ ` o .<br /> a `<br /> o<br /> v`ng n`y c´ thˆ khˆng mang chuyˆn dˆng m` chı cˆn tˆ n tai trong th`.i gian du l´.n trong<br /> u<br /> a o e o<br /> e o<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ’ .<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> a ’<br /> doan co. so. dai diˆn. Sau d´ c´c v` ng tiˆu biˆu du.o.c nh´m lai th`nh c´c nh´m v´.i phˆn tu.<br /> e<br /> o a u<br /> e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . dai diˆn nh´m v`ng), v` mˆi doan co. so. dai diˆn du.o.c dai diˆn bo.i<br /> ˜<br /> `<br /> ’ .<br /> ’<br /> dai diˆn nh´m (phˆn tu .<br /> e<br /> o<br /> a ’<br /> e<br /> o<br /> u<br /> a o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . dai diˆn nh´m v`ng. Tiˆp d´, tiˆn h`nh ch´ th´ thu cˆng cho mˆt sˆ c´c doan<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> c´c phˆn tu . e<br /> a<br /> a ’<br /> o<br /> u<br /> e o e a<br /> u ıch ’ o<br /> o o a<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ˜<br /> ’ .<br /> ’ .<br /> u ıch . o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o o e<br /> co. so. dai diˆn (tˆp mˆu), c´c doan co. so. dai diˆn m´.i c´ thˆ du.o.c ch´ th´ tu. dˆng du.a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ıch<br /> o<br /> o<br /> trˆn mˆ h` tu.o.ng th´ song mˆi tru.`.ng ([3]).<br /> e<br /> o ınh<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> o o a<br /> Trong c´ch th´.c truy vˆ n, dˆi v´.i c´ch nhˆp d˜. liˆu truy vˆ n v` chiˆn lu.o.c truy t`<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a<br /> a u e<br /> a a<br /> e<br /> ım,<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .`.i d`ng c´ thˆ truy vˆ n du.a v`o d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c v` ng˜. ngh˜ cu thˆ l` khi truy vˆ n,<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ´ . a a<br /> ´<br /> o e<br /> a<br /> a a u<br /> ıa, . e a<br /> a<br /> ngu o u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .`.i d`ng c´ thˆ chon mˆt trong ba dang sau:<br /> ’ .<br /> o e<br /> o<br /> ngu o u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> u a<br /> o u<br /> o e .<br /> o<br /> a . ’<br /> ınh, doan<br /> + V´.i dang th´. nhˆ t, ngu.`.i d` ng c´ thˆ chon thˆng tin thi gi´c to`n cuc (anh t˜<br /> o .<br /> . a<br /> .<br /> . so., doan video) ho˘c thˆng tin thi gi´c cuc bˆ (c´c khung h` ch´<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> o<br /> ınh ınh, c´c v`ng tiˆu biˆ u)<br /> a u<br /> e<br /> e<br /> co ’<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a . o a<br /> .<br /> ’ .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> v` t`. kh´a thˆ hiˆn ng˜. ngh˜ dˆ truy vˆ n. Hˆ thˆng s˜ tra vˆ c´c doan co. so. (video) du.o.c<br /> a u o<br /> e e<br /> u<br /> ıa e<br /> a<br /> e o<br /> e ’ ` a<br /> e<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> .<br /> .a v`o dˆ do di biˆt gi˜.a doan co. so. (video) kˆt qua v` doan video truy vˆ n, sau<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’ a .<br /> e<br /> a<br /> s˘p hang du a o<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . e u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’ o<br /> d´ du.a v`o t`. kh´a, hˆ thˆng s˜ loai c´c kˆt qua khˆng ph` ho.p o. bu.´.c tru.´.c.<br /> o . a u o<br /> e o<br /> e . a e<br /> u . ’<br /> o<br /> o<br /> . ´<br /> .i dang th´. hai, ngu.`.i su. dung chon thˆng tin thi gi´c to`n cuc, cuc bˆ v` t`. kh´a.<br /> + V´ .<br /> o<br /> o<br /> a .<br /> u<br /> o ’ .<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> . o a u o<br /> .<br /> .a v`o t`., hˆ thˆng tra vˆ c´c doan video ph` ho.p vˆ ng˜. ngh˜ truy vˆ n, sau d´ hˆ thˆng<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ` u<br /> ’ ` a<br /> e<br /> ıa<br /> a<br /> e<br /> u .<br /> o e o<br /> Du a u e o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> .a v`o dˆ do di biˆt gi˜.a doan video kˆt qua v` doan truy vˆ n.<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ a .<br /> ’ .<br /> e<br /> a<br /> s˘p hang kˆt qua du a o<br /> a<br /> e<br /> .<br /> . e u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .i dang th´. ba, kˆt qua truy vˆ n l` giao cua kˆt qua truy vˆ n chı du.a v`o t`. v` kˆt<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’ e<br /> ’<br /> ’ . a u a e<br /> + V´ .<br /> o<br /> u<br /> e<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’ . a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> qua truy vˆ n chı du.a v`o thˆng tin thi gi´c.<br /> a<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ınh a o u u<br /> Muc hai b`i b´o l` c´c kˆt qua nghiˆn c´.u c´ liˆn quan. Muc ba tr` b`y tˆ ch´.c d˜.<br /> a a a a e<br /> e u o e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ u e<br /> ´<br /> ´. Muc bˆn tr` b`y c´ch th´.c truy vˆ n d˜. liˆu video sˆ. Muc n˘m tr` b`y<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> o<br /> ınh a<br /> liˆu video sˆ<br /> e<br /> o<br /> ınh a a<br /> u<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> .<br /> . o<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´ a a o<br /> ’<br /> kˆt qua thu.c nghiˆm. Muc s´u l` kˆt luˆn v` hu.´.ng ph´t triˆ n.<br /> e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a a e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ´.<br /> 2. KET QUA NGHIEN CU U<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> Hiˆn nay c´c hˆ truy vˆ n video sˆ chu.a thˆ d´p u.ng moi nhu cˆu cua ngu.`.i d` ng, nh`<br /> e<br /> a e<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e a ´<br /> a<br /> o u<br /> ın<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> chung c´c hˆ truy vˆ n video sˆ d˜ trai qua c´c giai doan ph´t triˆ n sau:<br /> a e<br /> a<br /> o a ’<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´ . a u o a u ıch ’ o<br /> Trong giai doan th´. nhˆ t, viˆc truy vˆn du.a v`o t`. kh´a v` ch´ th´ thu cˆng cho doan<br /> e<br /> a<br /> u a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ .<br /> ` a<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> ı<br /> u e<br /> video. C´ch tiˆp cˆn n`y khˆng kha thi vˆ m˘t th`.i gian v` chi ph´ khi lu.o.ng d˜. liˆu video<br /> a<br /> e a a<br /> o<br /> e .<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ .<br /> ’<br /> o o o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a e o<br /> o<br /> t˘ng tru.o.ng v´.i tˆc dˆ nhanh ch´ng nhu. hiˆn nay. Tuy nhiˆn, hiˆn nay c´c hˆ thˆng truy<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> .o.c d`ng rˆng r˜i trong thu.o.ng mai vˆ n dang su. dung c´ch th´.c truy vˆ n n`y<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ .<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a a<br /> vˆ n video du . u<br /> a<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a e o<br /> ım e<br /> (v´ du nhu. c´c hˆ thˆng t` kiˆm cua Google, Yahoo,...).<br /> ı .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> Trong giai doan th´. hai, viˆc truy vˆ n du.o.c thu.c hiˆn du.a v`o nˆi dung, du.a v`o viˆc<br /> e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a o<br /> a<br /> e<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> ’<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> o<br /> o o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> phˆn doan video th`nh c´c doan co. so., mˆi doan co. so. du.o.c biˆ u diˆn bo.i mˆt sˆ khung<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> ınh<br /> a<br /> a .<br /> h` ch´<br /> ınh ınh. Truy vˆ n du.a v`o d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c to`n cuc cua doan co. so. ho˘c khung h`<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . c´c d˘c tru.ng vˆ m`u s˘c, vˆn, chuyˆn dˆng ([5, 14]). U.u diˆ m cua c´ch tiˆp cˆn<br /> ’ o<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ` a a<br /> ´ a<br /> ’ a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e .<br /> ch´ nhu a a<br /> ınh<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ’ u e<br /> n`y l` c´ thˆ truy vˆ n trˆn co. so. d˜. liˆu video tˆ ng qu´t, khˆng phu thuˆc u.ng dung, tuy<br /> a a o e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o ´<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´ e a<br /> e e a o<br /> o<br /> o<br /> nhiˆn khuyˆt diˆ m l` chu.a x´t dˆn c´c dˆi tu.o.ng d´ng vai tr` quan trong trong doan video,<br /> e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´ e e ˜ ’<br /> ıa ’ a<br /> dˆ ng th`.i chu.a vu.o.t qua du.o.c vˆ n dˆ vˆ lˆ hˆ ng ng˜. ngh˜ cua d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c, t´.c l` su.<br /> o<br /> o<br /> u<br /> .<br /> . a ` ` o o<br /> . a u a .<br /> .<br /> .o.ng dˆ ng vˆ d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c khˆng luˆn bao dam su. tu.o.ng dˆ ng vˆ ng˜. ngh˜<br /> `<br /> `<br /> ` a<br /> ` u<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> o<br /> o<br /> ıa.<br /> tu<br /> o<br /> e .<br /> o<br /> e<br /> . a<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> u<br /> Giai doan th´. ba l` th`.i k` cua c´c hˆ thˆng truy vˆ n du.a v`o dˆi tu.o.ng ([2, 12]). C´c<br /> a o y ’ a e o<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 30<br /> <br /> . .<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ´.<br /> NGUYEN LAM, LY QUOC NGOC, DU O NG ANH DU C<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ a e a a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> dˆi tu.o.ng n`y du.o.c goi l` c´c dˆi tu.o.ng khˆng gian-th`.i gian. U u diˆ m cua c´c hˆ n`y l`<br /> o<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a a o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .a v`o dˆi tu.o.ng, kˆt qua truy vˆ n ph` ho.p ho.n vˆ ng˜. ngh˜ dˆi v´.i<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> e<br /> a<br /> u .<br /> e u<br /> ıa o o<br /> cho ph´p truy vˆ n du a o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ` u truy vˆ n. Khuyˆt diˆm cua c´c hˆ n`y l` phu thuˆc v`o u.ng dung d˘c th`, kh´ mo.<br /> ´<br /> ´ e<br /> ’ a e a a<br /> o a ´<br /> a<br /> u<br /> o ’<br /> yˆu cˆ<br /> e a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’ u e<br /> o<br /> a<br /> rˆng cho co. so. d˜. liˆu video tˆ ng qu´t.<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’ e<br /> ’ e<br /> u<br /> Giai doan th´. tu. l` th`.i k` truy vˆn du.a v`o pha hˆ tri th´.c thi gi´c ([13]). Pha hˆ tri<br /> a o y<br /> a<br /> a<br /> u<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> `<br /> ` a<br /> `<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> a<br /> ınh: tˆp c´c kh´i niˆm vˆ m`u, tˆp c´c kh´i niˆm vˆ<br /> a a<br /> a e<br /> e<br /> a a<br /> a e<br /> e<br /> th´.c thi gi´c thu.`.ng gˆ m ba phˆn ch´<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .i c´c u.ng dung.<br /> ` ınh a<br /> vˆn v` tˆp c´c kh´i niˆm vˆ h` d´ng. Tˆp c´c kh´i niˆm n`y dˆc lˆp v´ a ´<br /> a a a a<br /> a e<br /> e<br /> a a<br /> a e<br /> a o a o<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ . a<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ e<br /> o u<br /> o ’ o<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a<br /> Khi truy vˆn, ngu.`.i d`ng mˆ ta dˆi tu.o.ng truy vˆ n du.a v`o pha hˆ tri th´.c thi gi´c. Trong<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ e<br /> e<br /> e e e a<br /> a e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e o<br /> giai doan ngoai tuyˆn, hˆ thˆng thu.c hiˆn viˆc liˆn kˆt c´c kh´i niˆm thi gi´c trong pha hˆ tri<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .c thi gi´c v´.i c´c d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c cˆ p thˆ p cua doan co. so. (video). V` vˆy khi truy vˆ n,<br /> ´<br /> ´ ’<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> ı a<br /> a<br /> th´<br /> u<br /> . a o a a<br /> . a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .`.i d`ng mˆ ta v´.i c´c kh´i niˆm<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> o a<br /> a<br /> a e<br /> a<br /> hˆ thˆng tiˆn h`nh dˆi s´nh c´c kh´i niˆm thi gi´c m` ngu o u<br /> e o<br /> e a<br /> o ’ o a<br /> a e<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> . ´<br /> .<br /> .o.c liˆn kˆt v´.i d˜. liˆu video nh˘ m x´c dinh kˆt qua truy vˆ n. Ch´ng ta khˆng<br /> `<br /> ´ o u e<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> a .<br /> e<br /> a<br /> u<br /> o<br /> thi gi´c du . e e<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ıa o u e<br /> o<br /> e e a<br /> a e<br /> thˆ liˆn kˆt moi ng˜. ngh˜ v´.i d˜. liˆu video sˆ, nhu.ng liˆn kˆt c´c kh´i niˆm thi gi´c v´.i d˜.<br /> e e e<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a o u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ` o e .<br /> ´ a a o<br /> `<br /> ´ l` diˆu c´ thˆ thu.c hiˆn du.o.c. U u diˆ m cua c´c hˆ truy vˆn n`y l` khˆng cˆn<br /> ’ a e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> liˆu video sˆ a e<br /> e<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .´.c doan video ho˘c khung h` ch´ dˆ truy vˆn v` c˜ng khˆng cˆn phai ch´<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> ’ o<br /> a<br /> ınh ınh e<br /> a a u<br /> o<br /> a<br /> u<br /> phai c´ tru o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .´.c nˆi dung video. C´ch truy vˆ n n`y c´ thˆ ´p dung cho co. so. d˜. liˆu video tˆ ng<br /> ’a<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ’ u e<br /> a<br /> a a o e<br /> o<br /> th´ tru o o<br /> ıch<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´ .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´ e<br /> ’ a<br /> ’<br /> e a a a o ınh a ’ e<br /> a<br /> qu´t. Tuy nhiˆn khuyˆt diˆ m cua c´ch tiˆp cˆn n`y l` dˆ ch´ x´c cua kˆt qua truy vˆ n<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .o.c d`ng nhu. bu.´.c tiˆn loc, v` k`m theo k˜ thuˆt phan hˆ i t`. ngu.`.i<br /> `<br /> ’ o u<br /> khˆng cao, v` vˆy n´ du . u<br /> o<br /> ı a o<br /> o ` .<br /> e<br /> a e<br /> y<br /> a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ’ a<br /> ’ o u<br /> o u<br /> o u<br /> a a e<br /> o ’<br /> d`ng. Tuy nhiˆn k˜ thuˆt phan hˆ i t`. ngu.`.i d`ng d`i hoi ngu.`.i d`ng phai x´c nhˆn c´c kˆt<br /> u<br /> e y<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .n, loc ra c´c kˆt qua v´.i dˆ<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ o o<br /> ’<br /> a e<br /> e a ınh e o<br /> o . ’<br /> qua truy vˆ n d´ng dˆ qu´ tr` hˆ thˆng hˆi tu xay ra nhanh ho<br /> a u<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .n, v` diˆu n`y khˆng phai l´c n`o c˜ng nhˆn du.o.c su. dˆ ng cam t`. ngu.`.i<br /> `<br /> `<br /> ’ u a u<br /> ’<br /> o<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a e a<br /> o<br /> ch´ x´c cao ho<br /> ınh a<br /> .<br /> . . o<br /> d`ng.<br /> u<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ a<br /> ’ a e<br /> Khao s´t qua c´c giai doan ph´t triˆ n cua c´c hˆ truy vˆ n video, ch´ ng tˆi nhˆn thˆ y<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> u<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .a v`o d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c ho˘c chı du.a v`o t`. kh´a th` kˆt qua truy vˆ n<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ .<br /> ’<br /> ’ .<br /> a<br /> a u o<br /> ı e<br /> a<br /> nˆu truy vˆ n chı du a a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> . a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .a dat du.o.c nhu. mong muˆn, bo.i v` ban chˆ t cua d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c l` chu.a thˆ hiˆn du.o.c<br /> ’ e<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ ı ’<br /> o<br /> a ’ a<br /> e .<br /> chu .<br /> .<br /> . a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´ .<br /> `<br /> ’ u<br /> ıa ’<br /> o<br /> a a ’<br /> a ’ u o a<br /> o ’ e o<br /> dˆy du ng˜. ngh˜ cua thˆng tin thi gi´c v` ban chˆ t cua t`. kh´a l` chu.a lˆt ta hˆt nˆi dung<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> u<br /> o<br /> o<br /> a<br /> cua thˆng tin thi gi´c. N´i t´m lai, doan co. so. (video) ch´.a du.ng dˆ ng th`.i hai d˘c tru.ng<br /> o<br /> o o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> .<br /> ´ o<br /> ’ a a<br /> co. ban l` d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c v` d˘c tru.ng ng˜. ngh˜ V` vˆy ch´ng tˆi dˆ xuˆ t mˆt mˆ h`<br /> a a a<br /> u<br /> ıa. ı a<br /> u<br /> o `<br /> e a<br /> o ınh<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .p d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c v` ng˜. ngh˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ıa.<br /> truy vˆ n video kˆt ho a<br /> a<br /> e .<br /> . a a u<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ˜. ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ´.<br /> 3. TO CHU C DU LIEU VIDEO SO<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ˜ u e<br /> `<br /> ´ a<br /> Phˆn n`y s˜ tr` b`y c´c n´t ch´ trong viˆc tˆ ch´.c, biˆu diˆn d˜. liˆu video sˆ nh˘ m<br /> a a e ınh a a e<br /> ınh<br /> e o u<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o `<br /> . ’<br /> .<br /> ` a o<br /> ´n theo d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c v` ng˜. ngh˜a. Giai doan n`y gˆ m s´u cˆng<br /> ı<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> phuc vu viˆc truy vˆ<br /> a<br /> . a a u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . e<br /> .<br /> doan ch´<br /> ınh:<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> o a<br /> a<br /> + Phˆn doan tu. dˆng video sˆ th`nh c´c doan co. so..<br /> a<br /> . o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> + Tao cˆ u tr´c phˆn cˆ p (khˆng chiu r`ng buˆc v` c´ r`ng buˆc theo chiˆu th`.i gian).<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> o a o a<br /> o<br /> e<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . so. dˆ h` th`nh bang muc luc (r`ng<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> + R´t gon cˆu tr´c phˆn cˆ p, gom nh´m c´c doan co ’ e ınh a<br /> u . a<br /> u<br /> a a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> `<br /> ` u th`.i gian) v` chı muc (khˆng r`ng buˆc theo chiˆu th`.i gian).<br /> ’ .<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e<br /> o<br /> buˆc theo chiˆ<br /> o<br /> e<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> ’ .<br /> a ’ .<br /> e<br /> a o<br /> e<br /> u ıch<br /> ınh<br /> + X´c dinh phˆn tu. dai diˆn cho c´c l´.p doan co. so. (co. so. dai diˆn), r´ t tr´ khung h`<br /> a .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ a co. so. dai diˆn.<br /> ’ .<br /> ch´ cu<br /> ınh<br /> e<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ’ .<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a u<br /> o<br /> a u<br /> a ’ .<br /> e<br /> + Phˆn doan co. so. dai diˆn th`nh c´c v`ng, gom nh´m c´c v`ng, chon phˆn tu. dai diˆn<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> nh´m v`ng.<br /> o<br /> u<br /> ` a<br /> ’ .<br /> e<br /> + Ch´ th´ ng˜. ngh˜ cho tˆp hoc gˆ m c´c co. so. dai diˆn du.o.c tao lˆp o. c´c bu.´.c trˆn.<br /> u ıch u<br /> ıa<br /> a . o<br /> o<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . . a ’ a<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˘<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ˜.<br /> KET HO P DAC TRU NG THI GIAC VA NGU NGH˜<br /> IA<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 31<br /> <br /> D´ng g´p ch´ cua b`i b´o o. giai doan n`y l`:<br /> o<br /> o<br /> ınh ’ a a ’<br /> a a<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ´ .<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> + Ph´t biˆu lai viˆc thiˆt lˆp bang muc luc v` chı muc o. dang tˆ ng qu´t ho.n du.a v`o giai<br /> a<br /> e .<br /> e<br /> e a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . . a ’ . ’ .<br /> .p phˆn cˆ p (Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC)) c´ x´t dˆn yˆu tˆ<br /> ´<br /> ´ ´ ´<br /> a a<br /> o e e e o<br /> thuˆt phˆn l´<br /> a<br /> a o<br /> .<br /> th`.i gian.<br /> o<br /> ´.<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> + U ng dung d˘c tru.ng tu. tu.o.ng quan m`u (AutoCorrelograms) trong cˆng doan phˆn doan<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . so., dˆi ph´ tˆt v´.i viˆc dich chuyˆn dˆi tu.o.ng v` camera.<br /> ’ o<br /> ´<br /> ´ o e .<br /> ´<br /> ’ o<br /> o o<br /> video th`nh c´c doan co<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’ . a a<br /> a .<br /> ınh ı<br /> u<br /> o<br /> + Bˆn canh c´c d˘c tru.ng to`n cuc cua doan co. so. du.a v`o c´c khung h` ch´nh, ch´ng tˆi<br /> e .<br /> a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .ng cuc bˆ l` c´c phˆn tu. dai diˆn nh´m v`ng, c´ thˆ d`ng cho co. so. d˜.<br /> ’ u<br /> `<br /> ’ u<br /> a ’ .<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o<br /> u<br /> o e<br /> d`ng thˆm d˘c tru<br /> u<br /> e<br /> . o a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ´ ´<br /> liˆu video tˆ ng qu´t dˆ ng th`.i nˆu kˆt ho.p thˆm v´.i phu.o.ng ph´p ch´ th´ tu. dˆng (du.o.c<br /> e<br /> o<br /> a o<br /> o e e .<br /> e<br /> o<br /> a<br /> u ıch . o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> a<br /> o u<br /> ıch .<br /> a ´<br /> a<br /> u<br /> tr` b`y o. phˆn sau), n´ c˜ ng th´ ho.p cho c´c u.ng dung d˘c th`.<br /> ınh a ’ `<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ .<br /> o<br /> o o e a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> u a<br /> a a<br /> + Dˆ ng th`.i c´ thˆ g´n nh˜n ng˜. ngh˜ tu. dˆng cho co. so. dai diˆn, cˆ u tr´c cˆy phˆn cˆ p<br /> a<br /> u<br /> ıa . o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.c g´n nh˜n ng˜. ngh˜a tu. dˆng.<br /> ’<br /> ’ .<br /> (muc luc, chı muc) c´ thˆ du . a<br /> o e<br /> ı . o<br /> a<br /> u<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> . dˆng video sˆ th`nh c´c doan co. so.<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> o a<br /> a<br /> 3.1. Phˆn t´ tu o<br /> a ıch . .<br /> .<br /> ’. a<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> Cˆng doan n`y c´ anh hu.o.ng rˆ t quan trong dˆn hiˆu qua truy vˆ n. O dˆy, ch´nh tˆi<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a o ’<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> u<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ a ıch . o<br /> ` .<br /> ´t ho.p lu.o.c dˆ tu. tu.o.ng quan m`u v` giai thuˆt Watershed dˆ phˆn t´ tu. dˆng doan<br /> a a ’<br /> a<br /> d˜ kˆ .<br /> a e<br /> e<br /> . o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a a<br /> u a<br /> o ı<br /> a<br /> u o ım<br /> video sˆ th`nh c´c doan co. so. ([8, 9]). Phu.o.ng ph´p n`y gi´p t˘ng dˆ ch´nh x´c (m´.c dˆ t`<br /> o a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> u o ım o<br /> d´ng) v` dˆ trung thu.c (m´.c dˆ t` s´t).<br /> u<br /> a o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e .<br /> e<br /> Da sˆ c´c phu.o.ng ph´p truyˆn thˆng phˆn doan du.`.ng cong sai biˆt du.a trˆn quan diˆ m<br /> o a<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .`.ng cong du.o.c d` t` dˆ x´c dinh c´c dınh du.a v`o ngu.˜.ng (t´.c d` t`<br /> ’<br /> ’ ’<br /> a<br /> o<br /> u o ım<br /> a ’<br /> chuyˆ n canh. Du o<br /> e<br /> . o ım e a .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ` u doc cua du.`.ng cong sai biˆt v` doan co. so. du.o.c x´c dinh nhu. l` phˆn gi˜.a c´c<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> o<br /> e a<br /> a a<br /> u a<br /> theo chiˆ<br /> e<br /> .<br /> . a .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´ e<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> dınh n`y. Khuyˆt diˆm xay ra l` nˆu ngu.˜.ng qu´ b´ th` xay ra t` trang ph´t hiˆn du. v`<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a e<br /> o<br /> a e ı ’<br /> ınh .<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´u ngu.˜.ng qu´ l´.n th` xay ra t` trang ph´t hiˆn thiˆu. B`i b´o d`ng c´c to´n tu. h`<br /> ’<br /> ’ ınh<br /> o<br /> a o<br /> ı<br /> ınh .<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a a u<br /> a<br /> a<br /> nˆ<br /> e<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> o<br /> e o a .<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a ınh<br /> a<br /> th´i hoc t´c dˆng v`o du.`.ng cong sai biˆt c´ t´c dung nhu. loc phi tuyˆn nh˘ m b´m s´t h`<br /> a . a o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .`.ng cong sai biˆt gi´p loai b´.t c´c dınh ao dˆ d` t` doan co. so. theo chiˆu ngang<br /> ’ o ım .<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> ’ e<br /> e<br /> e u<br /> d´ng du o<br /> a<br /> .<br /> . o a ’<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o<br /> e<br /> kˆt ho.p v´.i chiˆu doc trˆn du.`.ng cong sai biˆt ([8, 9]).<br /> e .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´ .<br /> Ta s˜ thiˆt lˆp du.`.ng cong sai biˆt v´.i dˆ do tu.o.ng tu. gi˜.a c´c khung h` theo lu.o.c dˆ<br /> e e a<br /> o<br /> e o o<br /> ınh<br /> .<br /> . u a<br /> . o<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ’ .<br /> a<br /> o a<br /> a<br /> o .<br /> tu. tu.o.ng quan m`u ([4, 8]). Trong bu.´.c n`y, ta su. dung lu.o.c dˆ tu. tu.o.ng quan m`u thay<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e ` ı<br /> e<br /> o<br /> a o a ’<br /> thˆ lu.o.c dˆ m`u nh˘ m kh˘ c phuc nhu.o.c diˆm vˆ t´nh cuc bˆ trong phˆn bˆ m`u cua lu.o.c dˆ<br /> e . o a<br /> .<br /> . o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ a<br /> ` a<br /> ´<br /> ’ nh c´ lu.o.c dˆ m`u tu.o.ng tu. nhu.ng c´ thˆ rˆ t kh´c nhau) v` l`m lˆ r˜ sai biˆt tai vi<br /> o e<br /> a<br /> a a o o<br /> e . .<br /> m`u (2 a<br /> a<br /> o . o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> tr´ xay ra chuyˆn canh, nh˘ m ph´t hiˆn ch´ x´c ho.n c´c doan co. so.. D˘c tru.ng tu. tu.o.ng<br /> ı ’<br /> e ’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> ınh a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ ’ o<br /> ’ ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> e<br /> a . .<br /> e<br /> o o o . .<br /> quan m`u dˆi ph´ tˆt v´.i su. dich chuyˆn cua dˆi tu.o.ng v` su. dich chuyˆn cua camera.<br /> a o<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> 3.2. Tao cˆu tr´c phˆn cˆp<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a a<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> Du.a v`o y tu.o.ng tao bang muc luc v` chı muc, ta ph´t biˆ u b`i to´n o. dang tˆ ng qu´t<br /> a<br /> e a a ’ .<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a ´ ’<br /> .<br /> . . a ’ .<br /> .<br /> .n, du.a v`o giai thuˆt gom nh´m phˆn cˆ p (Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC))<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a a<br /> ho<br /> . a<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> u a<br /> e e e a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> ([8]) dˆ liˆn kˆt c´c doan co. so. theo cˆ u tr´c cˆy. Trong giai doan gom nh´m cua giai thuˆt<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . so. C , C dˆ dˆi s´nh phu thuˆc v`o dang liˆn kˆ th`.i gian. O.<br /> ’<br /> ’ ´<br /> ´<br /> o a .<br /> e e o<br /> HAC, viˆc chon c˘p doan co ’ i j e o a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> dˆy, ta d` ng hai dang liˆn kˆt: liˆn kˆt phu thuˆc th`.i gian cho bang muc luc v` liˆn kˆt<br /> a<br /> u<br /> e e<br /> e e<br /> o<br /> o<br /> . . a e e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .i gian cho bang chı muc. Thu.c chˆ t, cˆng doan n`y gi´p chuˆ n bi cho<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’ .<br /> a o<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a .<br /> khˆng phu thuˆc th`<br /> o<br /> o<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . so. c´ c`ng d˘c tru.ng thi gi´c.<br /> ’ o u<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> cˆng doan gom nh´m c´c doan co<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> e ınh a<br /> a ’ .<br /> 3.3. R´ t gon cˆu tr´c phˆn cˆp dˆ h` th`nh bang muc luc v` chı muc<br /> u .<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a a<br /> . .<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> a ınh . a a<br /> a a<br /> Trong giai doan n`y, cˆn loai bo c´c n´t trung gian trong qu´ tr` tao lˆp cˆy phˆn cˆ p.<br /> . a `<br /> . ’ a u<br /> .<br /> <br />