Kinh nghiệm đọc hiểu tiếng Anh trình độ nâng cao: Phần 2

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Nối tiếp nội dung của phần 1 Tài liệu Rèn luyện kỹ năng đọc hiểu tiếng Anh trình độ nâng cao - Cause and Effect intermadiate reading practice, phần 2 giới thiệu tới người đọc nội dung của 2 bài học cuối cùng. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.

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Nội dung Text: Kinh nghiệm đọc hiểu tiếng Anh trình độ nâng cao: Phần 2

C A U S E A N D EFFECT 1 1. A man is a ____________ . 2. In spring, animals search f o r ____________ 3. Spiders and birds b u i l d _____________. 4. A roadrunner’s head ____________ straight in front when it runs 5. T he Simplon ____________ goes under the Alps between Italy and Switzerland. 6. Being afraid to fly is an i ll o g ic a l ____________ . 7. We heard a l o u d ____________ and knew that there had been an accident. 8. Som e people think baseball i s _____________ because it is so slow. 9. W ould you b e ____________ to meet Frankenstein? 10. M ost people only fly ____________ . D. T rue/F alse/N o Information _________ 1. Some Eskimos are left-handed. _________ 2. Most right-handers do calculus with the left hemisphere of the brain. _________ 3. When people look at a beautiful sunset, most o f them use the right hemisphere o f the brain. _________ 4. The right hem isphere controls the right side o f the body. _________ 5. Most people in the world use the left hem isphere for language. _________ 6. Left handedness can cause children to see letters backward. _________ 7. It is easier to write from left to right. _________ 8. Left-handed people are more intelligent than right-handers. straight (adj) [strcit] : thang c alculus (n) ['kit-'lkjules] : pliep tinli brain (n) [brcin] : nao 146
A M I S H M A S H (A HO DG E PO D GE ) E. Comprehension Questions 1. What does the right hemisphere o f the brain control? 2. Which hemisphere is stronger in left-handed people? 3. Why do lefties prefer to kick with the left foot? 4. What problems do lefties have using machines? 5. When do some left-handers start to stutter? 6. Why do anthropologists think the earliest people were equally divided between left-and right-handedness? 7. Why did the Greeks start writing from left to right? 8. What does "you are in good company" mean? 9. How can you tell if a two-year-old child is left-handed? 10. Are you left-handed? F. Main Idea 1. What sentence is the main idea for paragraph 4 (lines 23-28)? 2. Paragraph 6 (lines 32-36)? 3. Write a sentence for the main idea in paragraph 9 (lines 53-62). 4. Write the main idea o f the last paragraph. anthropologist (n) [tlcn0ro'polod3ist] : nlid nlidn cluing hoc 147
C A U S E A N D EFFECT WORD STUDY A. W ord Form s V erb Noun Adjective Adverb 1. communicate communications^) (un)communicative 2. exist existence (nonexistent 3. prefer preference (un)preferential 4. divide division (indivisible 5. force force forceful forcefully 6. (un)common (un)commonly 7. respond response (un)responsive 8 permit permission (im)permissible (im)pcrmissibly permit permissive 9. reality (un)real really la. There have been m any wonderful developm ents in the field o f ________ in the last 20 years. 1b. I tried to get the information from the president’s secretary, but she was very. 2. Frank told everyone he worked for a large company, but the company is 3a. Professors should not give treatment to the students they like 3b. Short jackets, not long coats, a r e _______ _________ by skiers. 4. Ten is not e v e n ly _____________ by three. 5a. Ms. Bush has a very_______________ personality. 5b. John w a s ________ to leave the university because his grades were so bad. 6. It i s _____________ believed that sons are better than daughters. 7. The injured p e r s o n ___________to the doctor's treatment. She is well now. 8a. Some psychologists say that adults should not b e _______ with their children. 8b. You cannot build a house in this city without a b u ild in g ____________ . 8c. S m o k in g _____________ n o t ______________in this building 9. It s e e m e d _____________ to Abdullah that he had finally finished his doctorate degree and was going home. e x iste n c e (n ) [ig 'z is te n s ] : s t f to n t a i re a lity (n ) [ ri :'aeliti ] : s i ( tlitfc trea tm en t (n ) [ ’tri'tm o n t] : su do i su g rade (n ) [g re id ] : d ie m d o cto rate (n ) [ d o k to n t] : h o c vi H en s i 148
A M I S H M A S H (A HO DG EPO DGE ) B. Finding the Reason Write the reason for each statement. Statement Reason 1. Many left-handers have to use their right hand. 2. For some people, the center o f language is in the right hemisphere. 3. Both sides o f the body receive the same information. 4. Lefties prefer kicking with the left foot. 5. King George VI stuttered. 6. Anthropologists think more than 50 percent o f people were right-handed by 3500 B.c. 7. Paul McCartney plays the guitar differently. C. Connecting W ords Put after, before, when, since, or until in the blanks. 1. I'll give you the b o o k ____________ I see you tomorrow. 2. People who are afraid o f flying can control their f e a r ____________ they take a class. 3. Greenpeace has been in e x i s te n c e _____________1971. 4. Greenpeace was o rg a n iz e d _____________the U.S. started nuclear testing in Alaska. 5. S o m e tim e s _____________ the roadrunner gets a piece o f meat, it takes it back to its nest. 6. There were no s k y s c r a p e rs _____________ 1884. 7. Burke started across Australia, he organized an expedition. 8. Some left-handed European children were forced to write with their right h a n d s _____________ the 1950s. D. M issing W ords Fill in the missing words. 1. If you are, you are one _____________ millions in ______________world _____________ p r e f e r______________ use their left hand. 2. understand left-handedness, it is necessary _____________ look the brain. 149
C A U S E A N D EFFECT 3. The b r a i n _____________d i v id e d _____________ two hemispheres. 4. Both sides o f _____________ body receive the same information __________ the brain because both h e m is p h e re s ______________connected. 5. There is____________ increasing amount _____________ research _____________handedness. 6. But ____________ 3500 B.c, the tools, which _____________ better designed, were for u s e _____________only one hand. 7. the centuries passed and education spread_________ more levels_________ society, more a n d _________people b e c a m e _____________ 8. But _______ _ worry _____________ you are left-handed. You are _____________good company. E. C o n te x t C lues 1. A com puter is a very c o m p le x machinc. a. beautiful b. boring c. com plicated 2. Ali said he was from Palestine, but he was a c tu a lly bo m in Qatar, a. preferably b. m aybe c. really 3. The m em bers o f G reenpeace discuss a protest to get each other's ideas, a. talk about b. prepare c. publish 4. Pierre has studied English for 3 m onths so fa r. He plans to study for 6 more. a. until now b. aw ay from hom e c. altogether 5. In rain forests, dead plants c r e a te nutrients for living plants, a. take away b. make c. prevent 6. Most children think video gam es are fasc in atin g . They spend hours playing them. a. very boring b. very interesting c. unpleasant com plex (adj) ['kom plcks] : plurc tap actually (adv) ['icktjuoli] : cliinli xdc discuss (v) [dis'kAs] : lluio liian so far (adv) [sou fa:] : den nay fascinate (v) [’fx sin c it] : t/iu hut, to i cuon 150
SCIENCE Unit
Minds are like parachutes. They only function when they are open. - Sir Jam es Dewar 152
A BIOSPHERE IN SPACE 1 Is it possible for people to live on another p lanet such as Mars? The Environmental Research Sun Laboratory at the University o f Arizona is designing Mercury a biosphere ( bio means life, and sphere is a circle like Venus a ball) which could be used to colonize other planets. Ztrrti Mars The author interviewed Walter Lindley, Program Coordinator at the Laboratory, about this exciting idea. Unmus P.A: I've been reading science fiction stories Neptune about space colonies for years, but o f course they Pluto were possible only in the author's imagination. Now you are a c tu a lly preparing for a space colony. Do really you really consider it possible for people to live away from the earth? complicated W.L: We believe it will be possible sometim e in the future, and that's why we're working on it. But it's a very com plex project. Our biosphere will be a complete, enclosed environment where people can be born, live their whole life, and die without returning to earth. But there will have to be a perfect balance between plants, animals (including humans), and the chemical elements, that is, everything in the environment. Right now we're talking about a place for ten people to live for a year. It's not like one or two men on the moon for a few weeks. planet (n) [’plicnit] : lianli tilth science fiction (n) ['saions'fik/n] : khoa hoc vien luting consider (v) [kon'side] : clio rang project (n) [’pred3ckt] : d u an balance (n) ['bielens ] : sir can bang element (n) [’elimont] : veil to 153
*3 0 0 0 0 0 0 C A U S E A N D EFFECT P.A: Wliai will it look like? W.L: We don't know yet. We call it a biosphere, but it might not be round. It could be square or any shape at all. There m ight be separate units for food production. These w ould be connected to the main unit. Architects and engineers are discussing all the lalkm g about possibilities now. W e have to figure out what shape it should be, what m aterials to use. and how small it could be and still support human life. P.A: You m entioned engineers and architects. W ho else is w orking on it° W.L: That's one o f the interesting things about the project. There are biologists, biochemists, and people from different areas o f agriculture. We have specialists on alm ost everything in our environment. P.A: It seems so unreal and impossible that it's hard for me to understand it. Could you explain a little more? W.L: Well, a greenhouse for growing plants in winter is the first step toward a biosphere. This is a closed environm ent except for the sun's heat entering through the glass or plastic. O f course, there is a water system from outside, and people bring in nutrients for the plants and take out the waste material. The biosphere will have to have its own system to provide w ater that can be used and reused. It will need bacteria or som ething eise to take care o f the wa st es . And it all must be balanced perfectly, or the whole system will break down. bi os p he re (n) ['baiesfieCr)] : suih quyen engineer(n) [.end^i'me] : Icy su m e n t i o n (v) [ ' m e n / n] : cle cap b i o c h e m i s t (n) [. bai ou' kemi st ] : suih hod bac te ri a ( n) [bick'tiene] : i i kliitan 154
SCIENCE Nothing will enter the biosphere except heat from the sun and information from earth. O f course the information going in and out won't be necessary for the biosphere to exist, but it will be very necessary for research. The earth itself is the best example o f a biosphere. Nothing important enters except sunlight, and nothing leaves as waste except some heat. Everything in the earth's environment has always been balanced, except that now humans are destroying the balance more and more. P.A: Why do we want a colony on Mars? It's very exciting, but is it necessary? W.L: I'm sure you know that there will be a petroleum shortage in the future. Dr. Gerard K. O'Neill is a famous physicist from Princeton University. He says that in 25 years we will have satellites in space to produce s o la r energy and send it s o la r = a d je ctive fo r sun to earth. It would be too expensive to continually send people and materials to the satellites, so the biosphere will be necessary. He thinks 10,000 people could live in a space colony sometime in the future. So f a r all your questions are about a space until now colony, but for me there’s a much more interesting use o f the biosphere. We can use it to do all kinds o f research about our own environment and how it works. By studying the biosphere, w
0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C A U S E A N D EFFECT P.A: I agree with you that learning how to protect our own environm ent is the m ost important thing we can do, both for ourselves and for our children. The world's population is increasing very fast, and we are using up our natural resources fast. W e need to do everything we can to save our environm ent before it's too late. I'm glad y o u ’ve started this fa s c in a tin g project, and I hope it's successful. vcry interesting A. V o c a b u la r y actual planet project science fiction solar satellite complex carbon dioxide unit bacteria consider 1. The earth is a _____________ It is part o f t h e _____________ system. 2. can cause disease. They also destroy wastes 3. Tom said his new car cost $10,000, but the _____________ figure was $9,980.85. 4. Julia likes to r e a d _____________ . 5. The space colony m ight be all in one , or it might have separate ones for agriculture. 6. The governm ent has a ________ to build a dam to store water for agriculture. 7. Another word for com plicated is 8. We m u s t _________ both the advantages and the disadvantages before we start the project. B. V o c a b u la r y create satellite bacteria carbon dioxide so far discussed actually elem ents balance project physicist fascinating fa s c in a tin g (a d j) ['ficsincitirj] : liap dan s u c c e s s fu l (a d j) [sek'sesfl] : tlianli cong d is e a s e (n ) [di'zi:z] : benli tat d am (n ) [d;cm j : ho, dap p h y s ic is t (n ) [’fizisist] : nlia vat ly hoc 156
SCIENCE 1. C 0 2 means 2. Gold (Au), oxygen (O), and uranium (U) are a l l ____________ . 3. Destroying rain forests c a n ____________ problems for the whole world. 4. The c l a s s ____________ how to prepare for the TO EFL exam. 5 . there are no buildings over 110 stories high. 6. A ____________ teaches or does research in physics. 7. Before the large increase in population, there was a ____________ between the needs o f the people and what the land could produce. 8. Much international communication is now done b y ____________ . 9. It is a ____________ experience to live in another country. C. V o c a b u lary Review energy avoided rush crew takes o ff board harmful phobia honestly score interview initial 1. P le a s e ________this paper so I can show my teacher that you have read it. 2. After p e o p le ____________ a plane, i t _____________ . 3. What was the f in a l ____________ o f the game? 4. Sometimes students have to ____________ someone and write a composition about it. 5. Smoking i s ____________ to the health. 6. is produced by burning fuel. 7. If y o u ____________ through your work, you are likely to make mistakes. 8. K u m ik o ____________ giving a speech in class by staying home that day. 9. A r o a d ____________ is repairing the main street where I drive every day. 10. Betty said s h e ____________ forgot to meet her friend for lunch Sunday. D. M ultiple Choice 1. Fiction i s ____________ . a. true b. imaginative c. boring 2. The biosphere is a complicated project b e c a u s e ____________ . a. everything must be perfectly balanced b. they don't know what materials to build it from c. people from different professions are working on it another (adj) ['Ado(r)] : kliac score (n) [sko:] : ban thang repair (v) [ri'pee] : stfa clitfa 157
C A U S E A N D EFFECT 3. The b io s p h e r e _____________be round. a. must b. will c. might 4. The first biosphere will s u p p o rt_____________ people a. two or three b. ten c. ten thousand 5. A g re e n h o u s e _____________ . a. is a partly enclosed environm ent b. is a biosphere c. supports plant life independently 6 . might take care o f the w astes in the biosphere. a. A water system b. Balanced nutrients c. Bacteria 7. Dr. Oneill thinks. a. Satellites can produce solar energy b. about ten people could take care o f a satellite c. we need a space colony to study the solar system E. C om prehension Q uestions 1. W hy is it a com plex project to create a biosphere9 2. W hat problems must the architects and engineers consider? 3. How is a greenhouse different from a biosphere? 4. Explain why the earth is a biosphere. 5. How does Dr. O N eill think we will solve the energy shortage? 6. W hy can we learn about our environm ent from the biosphere? 7. Would you like to live in a biosphere on M ars? W hy or \shy not9 F. M ain Idea 1. Write a sentence that gives the main idea for paragraph 5 (lines 28-36). 2. Paragraph 7 (lines 39-43). 3. W hat sentence is the main idea for paragraph 1 I (lines 64-69)9. 4. Write a sentence for the main idea o f paragraph 13 (lines 7 2 - 8 1) p ro fe s s io n (n ) [p ro 'fc / n ] : nglie nghiep s y s te m (n ) ['s is to m ] : lie thong sp ace (n ) ['s p c is ] : kliong gum, vtl tin M a r(n ) [m o :] . sao hod 158
SC IE N C E WORD STUDY A. Word Forms: Verbs and Nouns Many English words are used as both a verb and a noun. Use 10 o f these examples in sentences, using some verbs and some nouns. Verb Noun balance balance kick kick force force design design interview interview initial initial fear fear crash crash harm harm bother bother whistle whistle knock knock B. Noun Substitutes What do these noun substitutes stand for? Sometimes the word isn't in the sentence before. 1. page 153, line 5 which 2. line 10 they 3. line 15 we 4. line 16 it 5. page 154, line 27 it 6. line 3 1 these 7. line 56 it 8. page 155, line 64 itself 9. line 71 it 10. line 77 it whistle (n - v) [’witl] bother (n - v) [’bode] : lam pliien initial ( n - v ) [i'ni/el] : chtf cat dan, ky ten tat 159
0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C A U S E A N D EFFECT C. A rtic le s Put an article in the blank if one is necessary. 1. Environm ental Research Laboratory at ___________ University o f A rizona is d e s ig n in g _____________biosphere. 2. I've been reading _____________ science fiction stories about _____________ space colonies for years, but o f course they were possible only i n _____________ author's imagination. 3. N o w y ou are actually preparing f o r _____________space colony. 4. W e believe it will be possible sometime i n _____________ future. 5. But i t 's _____________ very com plex project. 6. But there will have to b e ___________ perfect balance b e tw e e n __________ plants, anim als (including _____________hum ans), and ____________ chemical elem ents; that is, everything i n _____________ environment. 7. We call i t _____________ biosphere. 8. These w ould be connected t o _____________main unit. 9. Well, _____________ greenhouse for grow ing _____________ plants in winter i s _____________ first step t o w a r d ______________biosphere. 10. This i s _____________ closed environm ent except f o r _____________ sun's heat entering t h r o u g h _____________ glass o r ______________plastic. D. C ause and Effect W hat is the cause o f each o f these effects? C au se Effect 1. a. People can live their whole lives in the biosphere. 2. b. The whole system m ight break down. 3. c. The same water m ust be used and reused. 4. d. We will need solar energy. 5. e. The biosphere will be necessary to run solar energy satellites. 6. f. We create more carbon dioxide. imagination (n) [i,ma;d«3i'nci/n] : trf tucmg tucmg perfect (adj) [’pecfikt] : hoan hao 160
SCIENCE E. Context Clues 1. There are two ways to plant seeds. One is to put each seed in a hole in the ground. The other is to s c a t t e r the seeds on the ground by the handful. a. spread around b. push into the ground c. plant by machine 2. When you take ice out o f the freezer, it melts. a. gets colder b. changes to a gas c. changes to water 3. At nights, scientists observe the stars, the solar system, and other objects in the sky at an observatory. a. write about b. are tested on c. look at 4. Water starts to boil at 100°C. Then it becomes steam . a. water in the form o f ice b. very hot water c. water in the form o f hot moisture in the air 5. A stone sinks in water. A piece o f wood or paper floats. a. goes to the bottom o f the water b. rides on top o f the water c. gets very wet scatter (v) ['skx'to] : rai va Ichap noi melt (v) [melt] : tan cliay observe (v) [e'bze:v] : quail sat steam (n) [sti:m] : hoi ntfcrc float (v) [flout] : trdi noi 161
VOLCANOES 2 Throughout history, people w ho lived near volcanoes m ade up stories to explain why they erupt. Usually they believed that the gods were showing their anger through the eruption. Today scientists can explain much about volcanoes, but they also must guess about what is happening deep inside the earth. There is still much for us to learn. The active volcanoes o f the world exist in definite patterns. They are not ju st scattered anywhere, but are found in c h a in s and groups. Three-quarters o f the earth's volcanoes are in the Ring o f Fire around the Pacific Ocean. There is another chain in the Atlantic, a chain in the M editerranean, and a group in Central Africa. Most o f them are on coastlines or islands. What causes volcanoes to erupt? M uch o f the material under the surface o f the earth is melted rock called magma. H eavy layers o f rock push down on the magma. The m agm a escapes sidew ays or upward until it starts to push on the underside o f the earth's surface. If there is a weak spot, the magm a and its gases push right through the spot and explode into the air. If there is a lot o f gas, the eruption is violent; if there is only a little gas, the eruption is mild. The hole which forms at the top o f the volcano is called a crater. After the m agm a escapcs to the earth's surface, it is called lava. volcano (n) [vol'keinou] : ntii Itfa chain (n) [t/cin] : d a y xich, dittoi e ru p t(v ) [i'rApt] : no m agm a (n) ['niicgm e] : m ac ina, dung iiliain H ong long dal sideways (adv) [’saidwciz] : ngang upward (adv) ['Apwod] : Itifcrng len lien
SCIE NC E 0 0 0 ^ 0 0 0 0 Some volcanic eruptions are very gentle. Kilauea, for example, on the island o f Hawaii erupts often, and tourists go to see it because the melted rock shooting into the air is beautiful. Scientists at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory near Kilauea have given us much knowledge about volcanoes. Stromboli, another famous volcano, is on an island between Sicily and Italy. It has been erupting about every half hour for 2500 years. Volcanoes like Kilauea and Stromboli don't usually cause much damage. Iceland also has nonviolent eruptions, but they often cause damage because the hot lava melts the snow and ice and causes floods. Although some famous volcanoes are gentle, most of the world's active volcanoes have very explosive activity and violen eruptions. The eruptions are violent because there is a long resting period between eruptions, and a los o f gas builds up in the magma. There have been some famous eruptions from this kind o f volcano. In late 1984, strong earthquakes began shaking the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia every day. Then it began sending out steam and ash. On Novem ber 14, 1985, it erupted. A nearby river became a sea o f mud which buried four towns. This disaster killed more than 2100 people. Mt. Vesuvius in Italy had not erupted for a thousand years, and people thought it was dead, but in A.D. 79 it erupted and buried the city o f Pompeii in ashes. Life stopped for 2000 people who were buried under the ashes. Today we can visit Pompeii and see exactly what life was like 1900 years ago. shoot into (v) [-fu:t] : ban leu phia tren lava (n) ['la:ve] : nliam tligcli shake(v) [/cik] : lac, rung ash (n) [;v/] : tro but 163
C A U S E A N D EFFECT In 1902, Mt. Pelee on the island o f M artinique in the Caribbean Sea erupted. First a huge cloud o f steam appeared at the top o f the volcano. People m oved into the town o f St. Pierre from the surrounding countryside w here they thought they would be safe because St. Pierre w as 13 kilometers from the volcano. T w o w eeks later, there were several explosions that sounded like thunder, and Mt. Pelee seem ed to burst apart. A huge black cloud rolled dow n the m ountainside, and in 3 m inutes it covered St. Pierre. Thirty thousand people died. The worst eruption in history was on the small island o f Krakatoa, Indonesia, in 1883. T he volcano started sending out steam in the early spring o f that year, and as the weeks passed, explosions sent out dust and ash that killed all the plants on the island. The surface o f the sea w as covered with hot, floating volcanic rock. On August 26 there was an explosion every 10 minutes, lightning appeared in the sky, and a cloud o f black steam covered the island. Then there w as a huge explosion-the loudest sound ever heard by hum ans. The sound waves, which broke w indow s 350 kilom eters away, traveled 5000 kilometers. Two-thirds o f the island disappeared into the crater. W ater rushed in to Fill the hole, and there was a final explosion w hen the water m ixed with the m agma. This caused a huge sea wave, as tall as a 12-story building, which rushed aw ay from Krakatoa. The wave covered the low islands nearby and destroyed 300 villages. Even ships in South A frica felt the wave. O ver 36,000 people died from the eruption and the huge wave. sound (v) [saund] : nglie b u r s t( v ) [be:st] : no tung c o v e r( v ) ['kAve] : bao pliu crater (n) ['kreite] : m ieng nui Itfa da tat wave (n) [weiv] : song 164
SCIENCE The dust from the eruption moved high above the earth and traveled around the world at least 12 times. For two years it formed a wall between the sun and the earth, and the earth's temperature dropped 10°C. Sometimes the sun was green or blue. When the last o f the dust fell after several years, the island o f Krakatoa had been spread all over the earth. There is no question that volcanoes are destructive. Is there anything good about them? People continue living near them because volcanic soil is the most productive on earth. Volcanic areas also contain many o f the world's valuable metals. Many o f Africa's diamonds come from volcanic areas. Volcanoes also create geothermal energy. G eotherm al means earth heat, heat created by volcanic activity underground. This could help solve the world's energy shortage. Scientists are observing volcanoes throughout the world. They hope that by studying the history o f eruptions and the changes in a volcano before an eruption, they will be able to tell when one is going to happen. Humans have learned to control many things about nature, but we cannot control volcanoes. However, if we can know that an eruption is going to happen, many lives can be saved. A. Vocabulary volcanoes chain damage bursts rolled waves patterns melts floods thunder lightning float valuable erupted definite surface dust (n) [dAst] : bui dat eruption (n) [i'rAp/n] : stf no flood (n) [flAd] : hi hit pattern (n) ['p«t(o)n] : man vat surface (n) ['se:fis] : be mat roll (v) [Youl] : cuon, Ian 165