Knee valgus and patellofemoral instability after pediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A case report and review of the literature

Pediatric athletes who undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are at risk for a growth deformity if the surgery violates the physes. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in athletes with open physes has the potential to cause distal femoral valgus deformity, an increased quadriceps angle, and subsequent patellofemoral instability.