Lê triều thông sử của Lê Quý Đôn: Một số vấn đề văn bản

LE TRmV TH6MG stciSA LE QUY DOIV:<br /> MOT SO \AN DE VE \AN BAX<br /> <br /> NGUYfiN THI THifiM'<br /> <br /> L<br /> <br /> i triiu thdng si cua Le Quy Ddn Id<br /> bp sfl c6 gia tri, eiing Id bp sfl duy<br /> nhdt cua Vi$t Nam dflpc bien chip theo loi<br /> ky truyen. De cdp den v i n di vdn ban cua<br /> sach, hign vdn eon rat nhilu va'n de chUa<br /> dupc lam rd hoac gay tranh cai trong gidi<br /> hpc thudt, vi du ten sdch, thdi dilm,<br /> nguyen nhdn vd qud trinh bidn soan sach;<br /> the lg bien sdch,... Trong odi vilt nay, x u i t<br /> phat tfl eIng tac nghien cflu vfin ban vfi eac<br /> hg thg'ng truyin ban cdn ton tai cua sdch,<br /> chung toi ehu yeu tdp trung vao giai quylt<br /> mpt so v i n de ndu trgn.<br /> 1. T@n sach, thdi d i l m , nguydn nh&n<br /> va q u a t r i n h bign s c a n<br /> VI ten sach, Li triiu thdng sii hien ton<br /> tai bo'n tdn ggi khac nhau, trong do Bg.i<br /> Viet thdng sH va Tiin triiu thong sa Id hai<br /> tdn gpi thudng xuygn dUdc sit dyng trong<br /> hg thong d o van ban hidn cdn cua tac<br /> phdm. Thdm chi cd nhflng vfin ban ding<br /> thdi xuit hign ca hai tgn gpi Bai Viit thdng<br /> sa vd Tien triiu thdng sa. Cy thi, cac vfin<br /> ban s^ dung tdn ggi Bai Viit thdng sa gom<br /> d c ban vdi so ky hieu A.18, VHv. 1685,<br /> VHv. 1555, HV.176/1-2, VS-15, 6A^AH; cdc<br /> ' ThS. Trung tdm LUu trfl QuIc gia II<br /> <br /> ban CO tgn sdch Id Bai Viet thdng sa, nhUng<br /> ben trong lai x u i t hidn khd nhieu ten gpi<br /> Tiin trieu thdng sa gim A. 1389, A.2759,<br /> VHv.1330/2. Rigng tdn gpiZ^ trUu thdng sa<br /> vd Hodng Viet thdng sa cd s i ldn sfl dung<br /> khd han ehe, trong dd Li triiu thdng sa chi<br /> xua't hidn trong Lich triiu hidn chUOng loai<br /> chi eua Phan Huy Chd d giai doan ddu ddi<br /> Nguyen, cdn Hodng Viit thdng su! ehi dUdc<br /> ait dung duy nhd't mot ldn trong truyin ban<br /> A. 1389.<br /> Tren ed sd tinh hinh ndu trdn, ten gpi<br /> md gidi nghien cflu trUdc nay dung dl gpi<br /> tgn tae p h i m nay ciing khing hoan toan<br /> thing n h i t . NhUng do phdn Idn van ban<br /> hien cdn cua tac phdm deu liy tgn gpi Bai<br /> Viet thdng sA, ngn ngodi Phan Huy Chii,<br /> Trdn Van Giap,... ehu tnidng sfl dyng ten<br /> gpi Li triin thdng sa, phdn ldn eac hgc gia<br /> diu sfl dyng ten gpi Bai Viet thdng sa.<br /> Vl v i n de nay, sd di ehung toi chii<br /> trUdng ndn dung ten gpi Le triiu thdng si<br /> Id bdi mpt so nguygn nhdn sau ddy:<br /> TrUdc hi't, xlt tgn gpi Tiin triiu thdng<br /> sa, chiing ta diu bilt, ede vdn ban hi^n cdn<br /> ciia Li triiu thdng sa t i t ea diu dUdc sao<br /> <br /> M hieii Ihdng si^ziai L6 Qu^ Edn...<br /> chep dudi triiu Nguyin. Trong quan ni$m<br /> eua eac hpc gia dudi trieu Nguyen, trieu dai<br /> trfldc hg khdng phai nhd Nguyin Tdy Sdn<br /> cua Nguyin Hue, md Id trieu Le. T h i nen,<br /> tdn gpi Tiin triiu thong sa thUe chit eiing<br /> chinh la Li triiu thdng sa. Yky tgn gpi Tiin<br /> triiu thdng sa ra ddi Id do dau? Chflng tli<br /> eho rang, ngUdi sao chdp trong mpt so<br /> trfldng hdp cd t h i hoan toan khong phai la<br /> ngfldi ehu tnidng thay doi ten gpi tfl Z^ triiu<br /> thdng sa sang Bai Viit thdng sa, eho nen<br /> trong qua trinh sao chdp, ngodi ten tac phdm<br /> d bia sach va mot so vi tri el y thiic chdp theo<br /> ngUdi trUdc, van d nhiing liic ngudi chdp hi<br /> anh hudng bdi thdi quen dg'n tfl quan niem<br /> ciing nhu each nhin nh^n ciia ngUdi sd'ng<br /> dudi trieu Nguyin doi vdi triiu d ^ trUde, nen<br /> mdt s i ten gpi Li triiu thdng sa xuit hi^n<br /> trong sach, hi ngUdi sao chdp vo tinh chuyen<br /> doi thanh T^in triiu thdng sa.<br /> <br /> sfl dung vao nfim 1054, va quIc hi^u nay<br /> dupe sfl dung eho mai den nfim 1802, ngn<br /> hodn toan khong t h i dong hda lieh sit trieu<br /> Lg vdi lieh sfl eua nhd nfldc Dai Vigt; thgm<br /> vao dd, Le triiu thdng sa cua Ld Quy Din<br /> ro rang ehi chdp vige trieu Le (thi hign ro<br /> n h i t d phdn ban ky va liet truy$n), vide<br /> chdp them chinh sU cae triiu Ly, Trdn d<br /> phdn Chi elt dl tign Ipi cho ngUdi dpe trong<br /> viec ndm bat qud trinh bie'n thien cua nln<br /> chinh sU eua nUde nhd md thoi. Vdy ngn,<br /> viec dem Li triiu thdng sa doi thdnh Bai<br /> Viet thdng sa Id hoan tofin khong phfl hdp.<br /> <br /> Tha ba, Phan Huy Chfl trong mue Vdn<br /> tich chi, quyen so' 42, sach Lich trieu hii'n<br /> chuong loai chi chip: "Sach Li triiu thdng<br /> sa, 30 quyin, do cy Bang nhdn Didn Hd Id Le<br /> Quy Don soan... Bl sach cua cu bien chip r i t<br /> ddy dii ro rdng, cd the xem Id mot bp todn sfl<br /> eua mdt triiu dai (2). Chiing ta diu bilt, d<br /> ThU hai, ehung ta deu bilt, vao nam giai doan ddu triiu Nguyin, khi Phan Huy<br /> 1804, Nguygn Anh chinh thflc doi ten nUde Chii soan Lich trieu hii'n chUOng loai chi,<br /> tfl Dai Vigt thdnh Vidt Nam. Khi tgn nUdc sdch Le trieu thdng sa cua Le Quy Don v&n<br /> da dd'i thdnh Vidt Nam, lieh sfl triiu Lg chua bi thit lac, Ing Id ngUdi cd cd h$i dpe<br /> trong quan niem cua ngUdi ddi Nguyen t i t todn bg trUde tde eua Ld Quy Din, ding thdi<br /> ylu se dupe xem Id lich sfl ciia Dai Vidt dUa ra kha nhilu nhdn xdt xae dang. Tfl gdc<br /> trong quan h i dm sdch vdi lich siJI ciia trieu dd ndy, ed thi thiy ro, tgn gpi Li triiu thdng<br /> Nguyin, tflc Vidt Nam. Hon nfla, Li triiu sa md hpc gia Phan Huy Chu diing Id hodn<br /> thdng sa CO phdn chi kha quan trpng, trong todn ed cd sd vd dang tin cly.<br /> do d cac myc nhU thign vfin, ngu hdnh, ludt<br /> Tfl nhiing nguyen nhan neu tren, chiing<br /> lich, dia ly, hd efl, lg nghi, nh^c, nghi v§, du<br /> toi cho rdng, tnidc tde sfl hgc nfiy eiia Le Quy<br /> phuc, tuyIn efl, chfle quan, ngh^ vfin,...<br /> Don ban ddu hodn todn khong ed ten gpi Bg.i<br /> ngodi phdn ghi chip chinh sU eua trieu Le<br /> Viet thdng sa, Tiin tridu tiidng sa, d hai tdn<br /> d phdn dudi, d phdn trdn tac gia ghi chip<br /> ndy diu la san phim cua ngudi ddi Nguyen,<br /> them chinh sU cua triiu Ly, triiu Trdn de<br /> tgn ggi md Le Quy Ddn d^t cho tae phim cua<br /> ngudi dpe tipn so sdnh (1).<br /> minh phai la Li triiu tfidng sa.<br /> Tfl hai khia eanh ngu trgn, cd t h i thiy<br /> Ve thdi dilm va qud trinh bign so^n,<br /> ro mit s i nguyen nhdn quan trpng khid'n ban than Lg Quy Don sau khi dl ddu d<br /> ngUdi ddi Nguyen dem Li triiu thdng sa dd'i trudng thi Sdn Nam, ong dd nhilu ldn trd<br /> thdnh Bgi Viit thdng su!. T h i nhflng, nhU lai Kinh dd tham dii cac ky thi Hgi, cy t h i<br /> chung ta diu bie't, quoc hidu Dai Vi$t cua vao cac nfim Quy Hpi (1743), Binh Ddn<br /> Vi^t Nam chinh thflc dflpc Ly Thdnh Tong (1746), Mau Thin (1748), nhflng diu bi<br /> <br /> Rghien eflu Lieh si. s i 7.2013<br /> danh hdng. 6 thdi dilm ndy, Ing chu ylu d<br /> nha vie't sdch vd day hpc, sach ong vilt c6<br /> din hfing trdm thign, trong do bao gim ca<br /> Li triiu thdng sa. Xdt ldi tiia do chinh Le<br /> Quy Ddn trong Li triiu thdng sa, 6 phdn<br /> cuoi Idi tua tde gia ghi rd: "Canh HUng thap<br /> nign, Ky Ty, thu trpng, Dign Ha Q u i<br /> Dudng Le Quy Don, Doan Hdu tU" (3).<br /> Nghia Id: "Thang 8 nam Ky Ty (1749) ddi<br /> vua Canh HUng thfl 10, Le Quy Don, tdn tfl<br /> la Doan Hdu, hieu la Que DUdng, ngUdi d i t<br /> Dign Ha de tUa." Xlt cong trinh cua eac hgc<br /> gia tien boi nhu Phan Huy Chu, Trdn Van<br /> Giap, Ngd The Long... tat ea diu khong<br /> mpt Idi di nghi ve thdi diem Ld Quy Don<br /> vilt trong ldi tiia.<br /> Vdy Li triiu thdng sa hodn thanh vdo<br /> thdi dilm trude hay sau thdng 8 nfim 1749?<br /> Tim hilu ve egi nguon cua ngdnh thU<br /> tich hpc Trung Quoc, ehung ta deu bilt,<br /> ngdy xua sach e l thudng dung the tre (tnie<br /> gian t t l ^ ) hay vai lua (quydn bach $^ft)<br /> 1dm chit lidu d l vie't. Tre k i t thdnh thien,<br /> lua cuin thdnh quyen, nhUng nhin chung,<br /> b i t kl dung tre hay lua diu khong t h i qua<br /> nhieu, hofie qua ddi, dong thdi lUpng chfl<br /> dUde ghi chip tren do thUdng cung h i t sflc<br /> ban ehe'. Mot cuo'n sdch vdi lupng chfl tUdng<br /> dli ldn, thudng phai phan thdnh nhilu<br /> thien hay nhieu quyin khae nhau. Sau khi<br /> sdch hodn thdnh, tac gia se bat tay vao viet<br /> ldi tfla (ty), gidi thilu ehung ve sdch, thudt<br /> ngfl ndy ban ddu con dupe cha eon Luu<br /> Hudng, LUu Ham gpi la "lye" hofie "myc<br /> luc", t h i ndn ldi tUa trong sach xUa thudng<br /> nkm d cull sdch. VI du, thign TU qudi<br /> truyen Ci^#-f^) trong sach Chu dich; thien<br /> Thien hg. ( ^ T ; ^ ) trong sach Nam Hoa<br /> kinh cua Trang Tit; thign Thdi sa cdng tU<br /> tu (:*: j&^ i ff) trong sdch Sa ky ciia Tu Ma<br /> Thign; thign Tu truyen (^^)<br /> trong Hdn<br /> thu eua Ban Co,... Trong dd Tu qudi truyin<br /> <br /> trong sach Chu dich dUdc xem la sdm nhit,<br /> eac sach khae thflc c h i t ciing phong theo<br /> t h i 1$ dd ma ra. Lu Vfin Thieu, mot hpc gia<br /> ddi Thanh ndi: "Ta nghi, thign TU qudi<br /> truyen trong sdch Chu dich hd chdng phai<br /> ldi tfla eua 64 que hay sao? Ldi tUa trong<br /> sa ky, Hdn thU thflc eung bat nguon tfl d6"<br /> (4). Hay hai bdi tfla phu d cuoi sach, hai tde<br /> gia Tfl Ma Thidn, Ban Co' khong ehi 'thudt<br /> lai gia thg' ciia chinh minh, md con dem thfl<br /> tu cdc thign liet kg, ding thdi cdn gidi<br /> thidu, binh phdm khd ky v l n l i dung eua<br /> tflng thign.<br /> Do ldi tUa Id ldi gidi thigu ehung ve sdch,<br /> thdm chi edn hUdng ddn ngudi dpe each tilp<br /> cdn ngi dung sdch, ngn dflpc xem la bl<br /> phan d u thdnh khong t h i thig'u ciia sach,<br /> thudng dupc dinh cflng vdi sdch. Thi<br /> nhflng, cflng tiln bp cua ky thudt I n loat,<br /> cing thdm sU bien dli v l hinh thflc ciia thfl<br /> tich, vdi muc dich tien Ipi cho vige dpe vd<br /> tra cflu, ngudi ta ddn cd thdi quen dem ldi<br /> tfla chuyin len ddu sdch, vd the thflc trinh<br /> bay m$t cuon sdch da dflpc dinh hinh nhu<br /> hi^n nay.<br /> Lai xdt thdi quen vilt ldi tUa eiia ngUdi<br /> hien d ^ hodn toan cd the khdng dinh, trong<br /> b i t Igf tinh huong ndo, viec vie't; ldi tUa cho<br /> sach ciia ngUdi hidn dai deu dien ra sau khi<br /> sach da hodn thdnh. Rieng vdi nhflng ngfldi<br /> vilt ldi tfla eho sdch cua ngUcd khdc, trUde khi<br /> bdt tay vdo vilt, t i t yeii phai dge qua va ndm<br /> todn bl ngi dung cua sach.<br /> Nhfl vdy, c6 t h i khdng dinh, thdi diem<br /> thdng 8 nfim 1749 ehinh Id moc thdi gian<br /> danh diu vi$c Le Quy Don soan xong Lg trieu<br /> thgng sfl. T h i nhUng, vdn cdn mot vin d l kha<br /> hdc bfla edn bdn, dd Id, Ld Quy Don bdt ddu<br /> bign soan Lg triiu thong sii tfl khi ndo?<br /> Theo Phan Huy Chu, ngUdi c6 cd hpi dpe<br /> todn bg trUdc tde Li trieu thdng sa khi sach<br /> chUa bi thi't lac, da dua ra nhdn xlt: "Sach<br /> <br /> Le tpiiu thdng s^ ciia Le Qu^ Bin..,<br /> Le triiu thdng sa, 30 quyin, do ey Bang<br /> nhan Didn Ha Id Le Quy Din soan... Bp<br /> sdch eua cu bidn chep r i t ddy du ro rdng,<br /> c6 t h i xem la mot bp todn sfl cua mit triiu<br /> dai" (5). Xdt ngi dung phdn Bdn ky trong Li<br /> triiu thdng sa, trong mye Thong sfl pham<br /> le phy d phan ddu sdch, Le Quy Don ghi ro:<br /> "Nay soan bp sfl ndy, eh6p tfl thdi vua Thai<br /> To Cao Hoang de, cho dg'n h i t thdi vua Le<br /> Cung Hodng lam Bdn k^'. Xdt lich sfl triiu<br /> Le tfl khi vua Lg Thai To' khdi binh ndm Mdu<br /> Tult 1418, trai qua 11 ddi vua, dgh nam<br /> Dinh Hpi 1527, Mae Dfing Dung ep vua Le<br /> Cung Hodng nhfldng ngoi, ldp ra triiu Mac,<br /> to'ng cpng 110 nfim; nhflng 6 phdn Li&t<br /> truyen, myc Nghich thdn truyin, Le Quy Don<br /> lai chdp todn bg sfl kidn lich sfl, xay ra dUdi<br /> 10 triiu vua Mae, tfl Mac Dang Dung de'n<br /> Mac Kinh Vu ( d ban chdp Kinh Hodn), tong<br /> cpng gdn 70 ndm. Nhu vay, c6 thi ndi, Li<br /> trieu thdng sa chep sU kien lich sfl klo dai<br /> gdn 200 nfim. Mpt bp thdng sfl cua mot trieu<br /> dai, dupc chip theo loi ky truydn, do so nhU<br /> thg', at kh6ng t h i hodn thdnh trong mdt<br /> khoang thdi gian ngdn.<br /> Vl khoang thdi gian Le Quy Don dflng<br /> vdo vide soan Li triiu thong sU, ban thdn<br /> tae gia khdng h i d l cdp, eac hpc gia tien boi<br /> cung khong he nhae tdi. Trong Nidn pho<br /> cung chi chdp: "Nam 18 tuoi, Lg Quy D6n<br /> tham du ky thi hflOng, gianh danh hieu<br /> Giai nguyen; thdi gian nay ong viet sach<br /> rd't nhieu, trUde tde cd de'n hdng tram<br /> thien, sT tfl trong thidn ha tdi theo hpc r i t<br /> nhieu". Tinh tfl ndm Quy Hpi (1743), Le<br /> Quy Don 18 tuli, do ddu ky thi hUdng 6<br /> trUdng thi Sdn Nam, de'n thang 8 ndm<br /> 1749, khi ong hoan thanh Li trieu thdng<br /> sa, thdi gian khoang gdn 6 nam. Trong<br /> khoang thdi gian do, Ing vfla lo giang day<br /> hgc tro, lo viec den sach chuan hi cho ede ky<br /> thi hpi, vfla phai lo vi$c tnidc thudt. Nhiing<br /> nhfl tren day da de cdp, vdi mot bp sach do<br /> <br /> s6 nhu Li triiu thdng sa, vide bign soan cd<br /> le con dupe bat ddu sdm hon ca thdi dilm<br /> 1743. Nhflng thdi dilm dl tac gia doe toan<br /> bp tinh luc d l hodn thdnh eong trinh, chac<br /> chdn Id vao khoang mpt vai nam trfldc thdi<br /> dilm thang 8 nam 1749.<br /> Ve nguyen nhdn cua vide bien soan Le<br /> triiu thdng sa, Le Quy D6n dl cdp kha nhieu<br /> vd ciing kha cy thi. Cy t h i trong ldi tU de tfla<br /> d ddu sdch Li trieu thdng sa, ong viet:<br /> "Nflde Viet ta dflng nUdc, dat quan 1dm<br /> sfl, nm tiep nhau diu diing thd bign nign de<br /> chdp vigc, nhu sfl ddi Ly eua Le Vfin Hflu,<br /> sfl ddi Tran cua Phan Phu Tign, gpn gdng<br /> dung ddn cd t h i dflng dUdc, nhUng vl diln<br /> chUdng cua mot trieu dai thi bd nhilu<br /> khong thd'y chip, ngUdi xUa phai Id'y 1dm<br /> tile. Tign triiu dflng nUde, Thai To Id bdc<br /> thdn vo md mang cd nghiep. Thai Tong la<br /> bdc anh minh noi gifl cd do, Thudn Hodng<br /> thi tdi lupc khde thudng, dfi'i mdi mpi viec.<br /> Hiln Milu thi kinh trdi khoan hdu, theo<br /> gifl nip xUa, mo liet h u l n cao r i t nhilu,<br /> vfin vat dien chUdng r i t dep, khong kdm gi<br /> Trung QuIc, t h i ma xdt trong thflc lye thi<br /> khong thd'y chdp. Den ddi Hong Dflc, T l<br /> tflu Ngo Si Lign chdp tfl ddi Thudn Thidn<br /> de'n ddi Dien Ninh lam Tam trieu ban ky,<br /> k l vigc cung ky va co moi giudng. Bd'y gid<br /> kdn chpn sfl quan r i t cdn trgng nhU sfl<br /> quan Le Nghia chip thdng gifl ngay, ed khi<br /> tilt nhfl ed' nhan, nhiing sach chip viec<br /> hang ngfiy dd nay khong eon nfla. Dg'n ddi<br /> Hong Thudn [1509 - 1516] thi To'ng tai Vu<br /> Quynh mdi chip tfl ddi Quang Thudn [1460<br /> - 1469] den ddi Doan Khanh [1505 - 1509]<br /> lam Tfl trieu ban ky, sac lenh va dilu 1^ thi<br /> hoi du, cdn eong viee b l dyng va sd t i u ciia<br /> cac quan thi eon s6t nhilu. Tfl ddi Hong<br /> Thuan trd di, din ddi Dfldng Dflc [1672 1673] buoi ddu trung hUng, cdc sfl thdn<br /> bign chip tiep theo, tra xdt gdp nhfit khong<br /> dupe rpng, y nghia vd t h i lg chdp chfla tinh.<br /> <br /> 28<br /> Cong viec hang hdn trfim ndm, md bien<br /> soan von khong phai m i t ngfldi, the md<br /> chip sd sdi nhu thg'.<br /> Nhflng vua thanh toi hiln ciing nhau<br /> gay dUng cd do, gifl gin ng'p cii, md nhiing<br /> dflc hanh tot, ldi n l i hay, mUu bi mat, k l<br /> ldn lao diu lu md khong to ro, bi ehe Up<br /> khong noi len, d l cho nhflng tinh trang cua<br /> ke gian giao hung dc, bpn khoe lai gian<br /> thdn, nhd do md dflpc che gilu ddng phdn<br /> ndn thay!<br /> Dai dl phIp lam sfl la phai: moi sfl kiln<br /> diu nhat du khong bd sdt, de eho ngudi ta<br /> sau khi md sach ra xem, rd dupc manh moi,<br /> biet dupe ddu duoi, tuy khdng dflpc mdt<br /> tha'y tai nghe, md rd rang nhU ehinh minh<br /> dupc thd'y. Hay noi qua nhflng dilu dai ylu<br /> nhU: diem trdi Idnh dfl, vdn d i t doi thay,<br /> phai chdp; chid'u lenh ban xuong, te t h i n<br /> ta'u len, sd ciia eac quan, phai chdp; vi^c<br /> dflng hay bai cae cing khanh thi tilng, viee<br /> bo hay doi cac t r i n ve tfldng thdn, vide sai<br /> phai cdc quan vdn vo trong ngodi, vide<br /> thfing thfldng d c tdn t h i t huan thich, diu<br /> phai chdp thuc ca. Bdn trong thi dflng Ign<br /> hay bai bd mpt phdp dl, nhfl d e viec tuyen<br /> cfl, quan chg', binh chinh, qud'c dyng, binh<br /> quyen, thue khda, tien te; bdn ngoai thi<br /> vigc bang giao tot hay xiu, nhfl cae viec sai<br /> sfl sang Trung QuIc, vigc nUdc Chigm, nUde<br /> Ldo cing hig'n, gily td qua lai, phim vdt<br /> ban cho; ea nhiing vide ddnh Chiem Thdnh,<br /> Bon Man, Lao Qua; le nhac, didn cdch, thi<br /> nhu eae vide te' trdi dd't, t l ting milu, t l nfli<br /> sdng, di$u mua bai nh£ic, nghi le trong<br /> triiu va trong qudn; ddng doi danh hieu thi<br /> nhu vile phong tfldc hp ngoai hp nli; ddng<br /> ddi nhd vua ciing Id ddng doi eong thdn, tuy<br /> la viec thfldng, eo nhign khdng ngn chip<br /> rudm, nhiing n l u cd vigc gi thu^c v l nghi<br /> ludn quan trgng vd e h i tae to ldn thi diu<br /> phai theo tiing viec ma chdp du ngay<br /> <br /> R q h i ^ eijru Lieh sir, s i 7.2013<br /> thang. Theo the lg dy ma ndi thi sfl cu chip<br /> mUdi phdn ehUa dupe mpt phdn, ngUdi<br /> muon tim xlt ddi xUa, muon bdn bae vile<br /> nUde, d n biet khao eflu vdo dau? Xem<br /> trong Nhi thdp nha't sfl, nhU eac trieu Chu,<br /> Te, Ludng, Trdn d mot xd heo Idnh, chinh<br /> sfl klUi coi, lam vua khong lau, chi dUpc<br /> nfim mfldi nfim, hofie hdn hai mUdi ndm, ba<br /> mUdi nfim, the md nhflng hpc gia Ve sau<br /> con tim tdi thao ludn, chip lam sii eua mpt<br /> ddi, dl cho sU nghiep vfin hoa dUdc ro rdng<br /> dg'n ddi sau. Huong chi nfldc Dai Vigt ta tri<br /> binh hdn tram nfim, xdy dflng sfla sang ro<br /> rgt nhu t h i , md sit sach bign chdp lai vfing<br /> ve nhu t h i , chdng phai dang then vdi ddi<br /> tnidc ru? Toi khong tfl x l t minh kem coi,<br /> muon bat chudc the ky truygn, ch6p theo sii<br /> loai, ehia ra tflng dieu vfi tdm lai mpt loi,<br /> lai phy thgm nhiing ldi bdn tan thudt bdy<br /> theo y rieng cua minh. V l d o ehi thi phdng<br /> theo t h i Id cdc sdch T^y thU, Tdn thU CUP<br /> Ngyy Tning chep them ca chinh sU ede ddi<br /> Ly Trdn b tren t h i Id cua triiu trude (chi<br /> triiu Le sd), soan thdnh thong sii, de Idm<br /> dai diln eua mpt ddi (6).<br /> Vdi td't ea nhiing dilu tac gia trinh bdy<br /> trgn ddy, c6 t h i t h i y rdng, nguyen fly cua<br /> viee soan sach da dUde trinh bay khd ro. 0<br /> day chiing tdi chi c6 miy y mang tinh chit<br /> tdm lupc nhu sau: Xuit phdt tfl thUc t l<br /> chinh sU eiia thanh trieu trong qud trinh<br /> bien chip hi bo sdt qua nhilu; x u i t phat tfl<br /> thflc t l t h i 1$ chip sfl cua Viet Nam, hinh<br /> thflc chdp sil theo loi bien nien' da bpc l§<br /> khing it b i t elp (it nhl't la tfl gde dp ea<br /> nhdn tac gia), trong khi dd the thflc chdp sii<br /> theo 111 ky truyen hfla hen r i t nhieu kha<br /> nfing vUdt troi; x u i t phdt tfl tUdng quan so<br /> sanh gifla thanh trieu vdi n l n tri binh<br /> hdng trfim nfim cflng mot so nfldc cd thdi<br /> gian ton tai ngdn ngui b Trung QuIc thdi<br /> Nam Bdc triiu; Le Quy Ddn da quylt diing<br /> <br />