Lược khảo về thư viện công Việt Nam thời phong kiến

laOC KHflO VE THCr VIEN CONG<br /> VIET NAM THO^I PHONG KIEN<br /> <br /> NGUYfiN TO LAN'<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> nhu nhQng ghi chep ve nhQng cd sd nay la<br /> T hu tich ki tai t h a n h tuu phat trien<br /> cua mdi dan tgc va la mdt trong<br /> nhflng ngudn tU lieu quy gia ben canh bang<br /> kha it di, nha't la nhQng kho sach ciia ca<br /> nhan hoac d quy md nhd nhu cua tinh,<br /> chflng ve dan tdc hge, khao cd' bgc de huyen... 'Vi vay, trong bai viet nay chung<br /> phuc dung dien mao dan tdc dd. Cung nhu tdi chi mong mud'n cung cap mgt so' thdng<br /> vay, thu tich Han Ndm - sach vd dUde bien tin nham phac thao len mdt dien mao cd<br /> soan bing chQ Han va chQ Ndm cua ngUdi ban ve kho luu trQ thu tich dUdi che dd<br /> Viet Nam la bd phan quan trgng trong van phong kien cua Viet Nam - mdt nUdc "thiic<br /> hie'n eua dan tdc Viet Nam. He thd'ng thu vi van hie'n ehi bang" (1).<br /> tich nay chuyen chd van hda Viet Nam thdi<br /> Theo quan diem dUdc nhieu hge gia<br /> phong kien vdi hdn 10 the ki ed so lUdng dd<br /> Trung Qud'c tan ddng thi "Thu vien dudc<br /> so va ndi dung phong phu. TQ khi da't nUdc<br /> sinh ra d i u tien vao ddi Dudng trong td<br /> bude vao Id nguyen ddc lap sau 1000 nam<br /> chQc giao due van hda eua eac si nhan<br /> Bae thudc cho den nay, dan tgc Viet Nam da<br /> Trung Qud'c, nd bat ngudn tQ dan gian va<br /> ddi nay qua ddi khae ndi tie'p nhau tie'n<br /> quan phu, nd la ket qua tat nhien cua viee<br /> hanh cac boat ddng sQu t i m , thu thap, iQu<br /> sau khi da cd mdt sd lUdng ldn sdch vd dude<br /> trQ, nhan ban, phan loai... thu tieh Han<br /> luu thdng trong xa hdi, so' ludng ngUdi dgc<br /> Ndm hdng bao ve va luu truyen kho di san<br /> sach khdng ngQng tang trudng ve sd lUdng,<br /> nay cua dan tgc. Cae thu vien da dUdc xay<br /> cac hoat dgng trien khai xung quanh thu<br /> dung cung vdi mue dieh nhu vay, du trong<br /> tich bao gdm tang thU, hieu thU, tu thu,<br /> giai doan d i u eua thdi phong kien Viet Nam<br /> trudc thu, k h i e thU, dec thu, giao thu... cua<br /> nhieu khi mdi ehi dQng d quy md nhd nhu<br /> viec tie'n hanh tieh luy van hoa, nghien<br /> nhQng kho sach, kho van khie in sach...<br /> cQu, sang tao va truyen ba" (2). Nhu vay, d<br /> Cd mdt hien thiic la, dQ viee iQu trQ thQ Trung Qud'c, thu vien dUde coi nhu la mgt<br /> tich cung nhu xay dilng cac thu vien dUdc td' ehflc boat ddng gido due van hda bao<br /> noi tie'p mgt each kha lien tue qua cae trieu gdm mgt td hdp cac boat ddng lien quan<br /> dai nhung mdt p h i n do ban che cua hoan de'n thu tich. Trong khi dd, bgc gii phUdng<br /> canh lich sQ ma di tich ed sd luu trQ eung Tay lai quan niem thu vien la ndi tang trQ<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Th.S. Vien Nghien cflu Han Nom<br /> 60 Rghien cuu Lich sii, sg 9.2009<br /> <br /> <br /> thu tich: "Danh tQ t h u vien xuat p h a t tQ Can cQ vao tQ lieu t h u t h a p dUde cung<br /> chQ Hy Lap Biblio - la sach, theka - b i d n h u de ddc gia tien theo doi chung tdi lay<br /> quan. Vay t h u a t ngQ "thU vien" do hai chQ: mdc t h a n h lap trieu N g u y i n (1802) de chia<br /> thu la sach, vien la ndi bid quan sach. Thu lich sQ t h u vien edng Viet Nam t h a n h hai<br /> vien theo nghTa den la ndi tang trQ saeh giai doan: trUdc trieu N g u y i n (tQ ddi Ly<br /> bao" (3). Tuy chiu anh hudng nhieu tQ de'n he't thdi Le, bao gdm ca trieu Tay Sdn)<br /> •Trung Qud'c nhUng tinh he thd'ng hda, khu va trieu Nguyen.<br /> biet hda ve mat chQc nang cua thU vien d<br /> I. T R U C J C T R I E U N G U Y E N<br /> Viet Nam khdng rd ndt. Ngoai chQe nang<br /> chinh la iQu trQ tai lieu, t h u vien edn la ndi Ddi Ly (1010 -1225)<br /> phue vu cho eac doi tUdng ed nhu eau khai Trong giai doan d i u ciia che do phong<br /> thac nhQng tU lieu nay. Tuy theo tinh cha't kien Viet Nam, n h a Dinh (968 - 980) va<br /> tQng thu vien va mQc do phat trien trong td n h a Tien Le (980 - 1009) ngoai viec cung co<br /> chQe boat ddng t h u vien ma cae thQ vien qudc phdng, p h a t trien kinh te da chu trgng<br /> Viet Nam cd chQc nang "phuc vii" hay giao hda va ra sQc truyen bd dao Phat, phat<br /> khdng. Tren ed sd hge tap each phan Idai trien Dao giao. Cd cd sd tQ trdng thdi ky<br /> theo thu vien hge Trung Qud'c (4) va tham B i c thudc vdi t r u n g t a m P h a t giao Luy<br /> chie'u hoan canh thiic te eua thU vien Viet Lau, tang Idp tang IQ Viet N a m luc b i y gid<br /> Nam, chung tdi chia t h u vien Viet Nam phat trien m a n h vdi so lUdng ddng dao.<br /> thanh 2 loai ehinh: Thu vien nha nUdc va Day cung chinh la dgi ngu tri thQc tham<br /> thQ vien tQ nhan. Trong dd, thQ vien nha gia vao edng viec dieu h a n h dat nUdc (6),<br /> nudc la thu vien do nha nUdc t h a n h lap, hdn nQa eung la t i n g Idp cd tie'ng ndi quan<br /> xay diing va quan ly (bao gdm t h u vien trgng trong cac quye't dinh eiia trieu dinh.<br /> chuyen biet eua nha nUdc; thu vien cua cdc Chua chien dUde xay dilng khap ndi. Nam<br /> cd quan nha nUdc n h u Bi t h u eac, Ddng Viet VQdng Dinh Lien da cho xay 100 tda<br /> cae... thu vien dUde nha nude t h a n h lap d bao chang (7) tai Hoa Lu. NhQng dieu nay<br /> cac chua trong giai doan P h a t giao la qud'c khie'n ta cd the tin r a n g giai doan nay eung<br /> giao; thu vien trong cac trUdng qudc hge cd the ed cd sd cho sU tdn tai eua nhQng ed<br /> nhu Qud'c tQ giam, hge dudng d eac tinh, sd tang trQ t h u tich it n h a t la t h u tieh Phat<br /> huyen); Thu vien tU n h a n la t h u vien dUdc giad trong cac tu vien (8). Tiec la hien nay<br /> tu nhan t h a n h lap, xay diing va quan li, khdng cdn dau tich cung n h u tai ligu nao<br /> khdng nam trong he thdng thQ vign cua ghi chep ve nhQng ndi nhQ the. Sau khi ddi<br /> nha nQdc. Thu vien tU n h a n Viet Nam chia dd tQ Hoa L Q ve Thang Long, nha Ly da<br /> thanh 2 loai ehinh la t h u vien e i a eac cd sd tap trung xay diing chinh quyen phong<br /> tdn giao (ehua chien, Dao quan...) va eua kien, day chinh la thdi ky ma dau vet cua<br /> eac ea nhan (thudng la thu vien cua nhQng nhQng t h u vien d i u tien dUde ghi chdp lai.<br /> ngudi dd dat cao, cd nhieu sdng tac hoac<br /> ham me sUu t a m tU lieu, cua nhQng ddng Kho kinh Trdn Phuc: Theo Viet si lUdc<br /> hg ed truyen thd'ng hge h a n h va tang thQ, nam Tan Hdi (1011) dUdi trieu vua Ly Thai<br /> nhQng gia dinh lUu trQ thu tich lien quan To': "... d trong t h a n h xay cung Thai Thanh,<br /> de'n nghe nghiep nhu thu tich phong thuy, ehua Van Tue, n h a chQa kinh T r a n Phue..."<br /> dia ly, y dUdc...) (5). (9). Cung theo Dgi Viet si ky todn thU nam<br /> 1011: "... d trong t h a n h ben ta diing cung<br /> Luoc hh^o ve thu vien cgng.. 61<br /> <br /> Dai Thanh, ben hQu dilng chua Van Tue, (16). De'n nam 1036, "thang 2, xud'ng chie'u<br /> lam kho T r i n Phiic" (10). Ne'u theo mach chep Kinh Dgi tang ca't d kho Trung Hung"<br /> lac cua eau van thi kho nay thuge ve chua (17). NhQ vay, kho Trung HQng la mgt bd<br /> Van Tue, cd kha nang dUdc dung lam ndi phan cua chua Trung Quang, chuyen de<br /> chQa kinh sach Phat giao nhu Viet si liidc chQa Kinh Dgi tang do trieu dinh sai ngQdi<br /> da chdp. Chua ro nha chQa kinh nay chQa chep tQ bd kinh dUdc nha Td'ng tang.<br /> kinh gi va trQ iQdng bao nhieu.<br /> Kho sdch cua Qud'c ti gidm; Nam 1070,<br /> Kho Dgi Hdng: SQ chep, vao nam 1018 vua Ly Thanh Tdng sai dung Van Mie'u d<br /> ddi vua Ly Thai Td: "Mua ha, thang 6, sai Thang Long (18), de'n nam 1076, vua Ly<br /> Vien ngoai lang la Nguyin Dao Thanh va Nhan Tdng "chgn quan vien van chQc,<br /> Pham Hac sang nude Td'ng xin Kinh Tam ngQdi nao bie't chQ eho vao Qud'c tQ giam"<br /> tang" (11). Sau dd hai nam de'n "Mua thu, (19). Nhu vay, it nha't la den 1076 Qud'c tQ<br /> thang 9, Nguyen Dao Thanh di sQ ve, xin giam da di vao hoat ddng vdi tU each la<br /> dude Kinh Tam tang; xudng chieu cho Tang trudng hge do nha nUdc thanh lap. Cung<br /> thdng la Phi Tri sang Quang Chau ddn" vdi viee bat d i u thi Minh kinh Bae bgc va<br /> (12). De'n nam 1023, "Mua thu, thang 9, thi Tam trudng vao nam 1075, viee thi cil<br /> xudng chie'u chep Kinh Tam tang de d kho theo ldi Nho hge dan d i n dUde phd bie'n.<br /> Dai Hung" (13). Hien v i n chUa ro dia die'm Chung ta ed ed sd de tin rang tai Qud'c tQ<br /> kho nay d dau, ehi bie't nd lUu trQ ban chep giam it nha't eung luu trQ mdt sd' bg kinh<br /> lai bd Kinh Tam tang xin dUde tQ nha dien Nho hge de phuc vu true tie'p eho viee<br /> Tdng. hge hanh va thi cQ (20).<br /> <br /> Nhd Bdt giac: Nam Tan Dau (1021) vua Bi thu cdc vd Hdn lam vien; SQ chdp,<br /> Ly Thai Td' sai "lam nha Bat giac chQa nam 1086 "Mua thu, thang 8, thi ngQdi cd<br /> kinh" (14). Viec nay xay ra sau khi da dem van bgc trong nude, sung lam quan d Han<br /> dUdc bd Kinh Tam tang ve tQ Trung Qud'c. lam vien, Mae Hien Tich trung tuyen, bd<br /> Chung tdi cho rang day chinh la ndi luu trQ lam Han lam hoc s f (21). Nam sau 1087,<br /> bd kinh nay. Sau nay, bd Kinh Tam tang "Mua xuan, thang 3, diing BI thu cac" (22).<br /> dUde chdp lai, ban chdp lai dUdc giQ 6 kho Day la hai cd quan ma cae trieu dai phong<br /> Dai Hung. kien thQdng tap trung gia'y td saeh vd cua<br /> trieu dinh. Nha't la Bi thQ cae vdn la ndi<br /> Kho Triing HUng; Nam 1034 dudi trieu luu giQ cac ban khae va in saeh da dugc<br /> vua Ly Thai Td', "Mua thu, thang 8, vua vua ngu lam, chd phdp luu hanh. Do vay,<br /> ngii de'n chua Trung Quang nui Tien Du, ra't ed kha nang dudi thdi Ly, hai ndi nay<br /> sai dung kho Trung Hung [de chQa kinh]" cung da lUu trQ thQ tieh.<br /> (15). Nui Tien Du d huyen Tien Du, nay<br /> thudc huyen Tien Du, Bie Ninh cdn cd ten Ddi Trdn (1225 - 1400)<br /> ggi khac la Phat Tich hoac Lan Kha. 6 day, Qudc ti vien, Qudc hoc vien, Qudc si<br /> nha Ly da c i t pho Kinh Dgi tang. Pho kinh vien, Bi thU cdc; Thang 10 mua ddng nam<br /> nay ed dUde la dd eung nam nay, vua Ly 1236, vua T r i n Thai Tdng "eho Pham U'ng<br /> Thai Td' da "sai Vien ngoai lang la Ha Thu, T h i n lam Thudng thu tri Qud'c tQ vign, dUa<br /> Do Khoan dem bieu nha Td'ijg hai con voi eon em van than va ti,ing t h i n vao hge"<br /> thuan. Nha Tdng liy Kinh Dgi tang de ta" (23), de'n thang 9 lai "vdi nho sT trong nQdc<br /> 62 Rghien eijru Lich sii. sg 9.2009<br /> <br /> de'n Qud'c tQ vien giang Tfl thu, Luc kinh" tdn giao da dUde in an va p h a t h a n h trong<br /> (24). Ben canh Qud'c tQ vien la Quo'c hge ca nudc nhQ Phat gido phdp sit, Dao trdng<br /> vien dUde t h a n h lap vao thang 6 nam 1253 tdn vdn, Cdng van cdch thic (30)... NhU<br /> (25). Hai ndi nay dugc t h a n h lap de ehe con the, cd le khdng chi d Thien TrUdng - da't<br /> em qui tdc trieu T r i n hge tap. Hai ed quan thang mdc eua trieu T r a n ma cdn ed nhQng<br /> nay ddng thdi eung la ndi cd tang trQ thQ ndi luu trQ va in an kinh sach khae trong<br /> tich, p h i n ldn la danh cho viec bgc tap va ea nUde.<br /> giang day (26).<br /> Thu vien Hodng gia d nui Lan Kha;<br /> Ben canh hai vien nay, trieu T r i n cdn Theo Khdm dinh Viet si thong gidm cUc/ng<br /> thie't lap Qudc sii vien de thue day viec bien muc, p h i n ldi chua eua sQ quan trieu<br /> soan saeh sQ nhQ eac bg sQ ky, thiic luc... Nguyin ed ehep: "Cung Bao Hda: d nui Lan<br /> (27) eua trieu dinh va nhQng t h u tich lien IQia (nay dd'i la P h a t Tich), huyen Tien Du.<br /> quan. SQ quan Le Van Huu, ngUdi cha'p but Theo saeh An Nam chi ciia Cao Hung<br /> Dgi Viet si ky todn thU cung chinh la mgt TrQng ddi Minh, n h a T r i n ed diing ra Lan<br /> thudc quan cua cd quan nay (28). Vi vay, Kha thQ vien, dung danh nho Tran Tdn<br /> ben canh ehflc nang bien soan, Qud'c sQ lam vien trudng, day eac sinh dd. Nha vua<br /> vien at cung la ndi luu trQ eac tQ lieu de thudng de'n chdi. Vay cung Bid Hda la d dd"<br /> viet sQ. (31). Theo Dgi Viet si ky todn thU thi cung<br /> ehinh tai day vao m u a xuan t h a n g 2 nam<br /> Bi thu eac dudi ddi T r i n tie'p tuc la ndi<br /> 1384, thQdng hdang cho thi Thai hge sinh cl<br /> luu trQ cac gia'y td ciia trieu dinh. ThQ tich<br /> ehua Van Phuc nui Tien Du, eung ehinh la<br /> dUdc bien sean dudi trieu T r i n cung da<br /> ndi dung Cung Bao Hda. De'n mua ha,<br /> phong phu hdn, cd cdc trUde tac d nhieu<br /> thang 5 lai chgn sd Thai hge sinh cdn lai<br /> ITnh viic nhu y hge, quan sii, triet hge, sQ<br /> eho lam thu sQ d Cung Bao Hda (32). Ta cd<br /> hge Bi thu cac ddng thdi cung la ndi nha<br /> ed sd de tin r i n g Cung Bao Hda b i y gid la<br /> nudc cho xua't ban hoac tai ban nhQng thQ<br /> mgt cung eua Thai thugng hoang trieu<br /> tieh dUdc phep luu hanh trong ca nude.<br /> T r i n , eung nay vQa la ndi thai thUdng<br /> Kho kinh d phi Thien TrUdng; SQ chep, hoang sinh boat vQa la mot trung tam van<br /> vao nam At Mui, nam thQ 3 ddi vua T r i n hda, ndi to chQc thi cQ lai cd cae be phan<br /> Anh Tdng, "Mua xuan, thang 2, ngay mdng bien chep va luu trQ sach vd. Nha't la sau<br /> 1, sQ Nguyen Tieu Thai Dang sang. Vua sai sil bie'n n a m 1371, Chiem T h a n h dem quan<br /> Ngi vien ngoai lang T r i n Khie Dung eung vao cudp, tie'n t h i n g vao t h a n h . "Chung ddt<br /> di theo, nhan dQgc bd Kinh Dgi tang dem trui eung dien, n h a cQa. Thu tieh, sd' sach<br /> ve de d phu Thien Trudng, in ban phd de' do vay ma sach khdng" (33). Khdng ro<br /> luu hanh" (29). Nhu vay, vao ddi T r i n lai Cung Bao Hda dUdc xay dUng tQ khi nao,<br /> xuat hien mdt ed sd luu trQ Kinh Dgi tang nhQng cd the' ndi tai thdi die'm dd, day la<br /> xin ve tQ Trung Qud'c, hdn nQa lai in them ndi cdn luu trQ dQdc t h u tieh cua dan tdc.<br /> ban khae de iQu hanh. Cd the tha'y heat Chinh d day, vao t h a n g 12 n a m Quy Hdi<br /> ddng in an d trieu T r i n da ed bude tie'n ro (1383) thai thUdng hoang n h a T r i n da cl<br /> ret. Khac vdi ddi Ly khi dem Kinh Dgi tang day, sai Thiem tri Ndi mat vien sQ Nguyin<br /> ve, chi cho sai ehep them mgt ban ed't vao Mau Tien, Lang t r u n g Bd L l la Phan<br /> kho. Dudi trieu Tran, ed nhieu bd sach ve NghTa va gia t h i n Vu Hie'n h i u d Tien Du<br /> Luoc khio ve thu vien edng.. 63<br /> <br /> <br /> thay phien nhau c h i u chile. Ban eho an va bien soan, ed the ke de'n: nam 1479, vua<br /> hdi cac viee cu, ghi ehep tQng ngay, bien "Sai SQ quan Tu soan Ngd ST Lien soan bd<br /> soan thanh 8 quyen, d i u de la Bdo Hba dU Dgi Viet si ky todn thU 15 quyen" (36) va<br /> but (sach nay cdn dUde bie't de'n vdi ten Bdo khi bg sQ nay lam xong nd da dUdc luu trQ<br /> Hba dien dU bit) gdm 8 quyen, sach do Dao d ndi day nam 1483 vua ra sic dii eho Than<br /> Su Tieh de tiia d d i u sdch. Sach dUde lam Nhan Trung, Quach Dinh Bao, Dd Nhuan,<br /> ra de day bao Quan gia (tQc dQdng kim Hieu thu Dao CQ, Dam Van Le bien soan<br /> hoang thQdng). eac saeh Thien Nam dU hg tap va Thdn<br /> chinh ky sit (37); nam 1511, Vu Quynh<br /> Ddi Le (1428 - 1778)<br /> dang bd Dgi Viet thdng gidm thong khao<br /> Quoc ti gidm. Si qudn, Bi thU sdnh. chep tudng tan theo ldi ky nien cac trieu<br /> Bong cdc: Qud'c tQ gidm vd'n van la ndi tap dai gdm 26 quye'n (38); nam 1519, vua sai<br /> trung saeh vd danh cho viec giang tap, Dang Minh Khiem bien soan Dgi Viet lich<br /> ddng thdi cung la ndi luu giQ van in sach de dgi si ky (39)... TQ dd, ed the hinh dung<br /> ca'p phat eho cac trUdng hge d ca'p phu, ca'p dQdc rang sd' lUdng sach dUde iQu trQ d day<br /> huyen... Nhu nam 1467: "Ban cap ban in la khdng nhd.<br /> sach NgU kinh ciia nha nUdc eho Qud'c tfl<br /> giam, theo ldi tau cua Bi thu giam hge sT Bi thu sanh ndi tie'p Bi thu cac nhQng<br /> Vu VTnh Trinh" (34). Cung vdi sii quan tam ddi trudc. Chfle nang d i u tien cila Bi thu<br /> tdi hge tap va thi cQ dQdi thdi Le ma quy sanh trieu Le la ndi luu trQ thu tieh cua<br /> mo cua Qud'c tQ giam ngay cang dUdc md trieu dinh va do trieu dinh sQu t i m dUdc.<br /> rgng, cae dinh le ve boat ddng ngay cang Trong nien hieu Quang Thuan (1460 -<br /> diy du va chat ehe hdn. Cung theo dd, sd' 1489) vua Le Thanh Tdng da nhieu l i n ra<br /> lUdng sach va van in ngay cang nhieu len. nhQng lenh sQu t i m sach vd nhQ lenh nam<br /> Ne'u nhu vao d i u trieu Le, nha Thai hge 1467 "Ra lenh tim kie'm nhflng di cao thd<br /> vin theo quy md eu va cdn thieu thd'n van eua ed Han lam ThQa chi Hge sT<br /> nhieu thi vao nam Quy Mao (1483) vua Le Nguyin Trai" (40); chie'u tim kie'm da sQ va<br /> Thanh Tdng cho sfla rdng them ra va "dat cae truyen ky xUa nay do cdc nha tU nhan<br /> them kho Bi thu de chQa van gd da khac ca't giQ (41). Khoang trong nhQng nam nien<br /> thanh saeh" (35). Hien chQa ro sdsach dQdc hieu Hdng DQc (1470 - 1497) vua lai ha<br /> lUu trQ tai day. chie'u ciu nhQng sach edn sdt lai dem chQa<br /> ca't d Bi cae. Trong dip nay cd ngudi dem<br /> SQ quan la ed quan dae biet phat trien dang nhQng saeh la, saeh bi truyen, deu<br /> dudi thdi Le. SQ quan tap hdp dgi ngu dQdc khen thQdng nhieu. De dd, cae saeh<br /> nhQng bae dai khoa, nha bae hge eua trieu cua ddi trudc cung dan d i n dUdc dUa ra<br /> dinh de thiie hien cdng viec trUdc tac qudc (42). SQ cung da chep ve viec cdc vua ddi Le<br /> sii nay. Ndi day vQa la ndi ghi chep nhQng thudng vao day de xem saeh, nhu vua<br /> diin bie'n cua trieu dai dQdng quyen, ndi Nhan Tdng, vao Bi thu cac xem saeh vd,<br /> bieu soan sach sQ, vQa la ndi iQu trQ cac tai tha'y eac ban saeh eua Ue Trai edn sdt lai<br /> lieu lien quan dung de lam can cQ bien (43). ChQc nang thQ 2 eua Bi thu cdc la ndi<br /> soan su. Khdng ngoai trQ, ben canh Qudc luu trQ sach sQ do trieu dinh bien soan:<br /> til giam, SQ quan eung la mdt ed sd in a'n Trong khoang nam 1533 - 1662, bg Bdn ky<br /> sach cua trieu dinh. Cae bd sQ dUdc lien tuc tuc bien do Pham Cdng TrQ cung cac te<br /> 64 Rghien ciJru Lich sii. sg 9.2009<br /> <br /> t h i n tham khao sii eu de bien soan da dUde ed the tin rang dudi trieu Le cd khdng it cac<br /> cho k h i e in, cdn saeh thi cat giQ d ndi day trung t a m luu trQ hoac thU vien ldn ciia<br /> (44) hdae la ndi n h a n ban thU tieh n h u khi n h a nUdc, ngoai ra c d n c d eac cd sd in an,<br /> Vu Quynh dang Viet gidm thdng khao len, n h a n ban. Ddi Mac cung cd nhieu cd gang<br /> vua Le Tudng Diic da khen la khdng viec gi trong viec t h u t h a p sach vd (52) nhUng tiec<br /> la khdng chdp bet va "lai sai bgn Bi t h u la sau nhieu sii bien va loan lac ma sd' saeh<br /> gidm la bgn Heang Khu sao chep ra mgt edn lai ngay nay khdng dQdc bao nhieu.<br /> ban nQa, de truyen lai lau dai" (45).<br /> Ddi Tay San (1778 -1802)<br /> Ddng eac eung la ndi chQa t h u tich eua Theo sach La Scfn phu ti (53), t h u vien<br /> trieu dinh. Ddn cQ nhu nhQng saeh sUu Sung Chinh dude t h a n h lap nam Quang<br /> tam dUde trong dan gian vao khoang nien Trung thQ 4 (1791) tai lang Nam Hoa (nay<br /> hieu Hdng DQc da dQdc dQa vad Ddng eac la Nam Kim, T h a n h Chudng, Nghe An) do<br /> ca't giQ (theo ldi sQ gia Ngd ST Lien (46)). Nguyen Thie'p lam Vien trUdng. Day vQa la<br /> Ddng thdi, cac Nho t h i n d Ddng cac cung ndi de sach, vQa la ndi dich ehu cae sach<br /> tham gia tieh cQe vao viec bien soan cae bd kinh dien chQ Han do cac n h a Nho dudi sQ<br /> saeh ldn cua trieu dinh, ed ngUdi edn dQdc ehi dao cua Nguyen Thie'p dam nhiem.<br /> vua ban chd sach, nhQ nam 1496, Dao CQ Trong mdt thdi gian n g i n , ndi day da dich<br /> dQdc sung lam Han lam vien Thi giang chu dQdc mgt sd' tac p h a m kinh dien ciia<br /> Ddng cae Hge sT dUde vua ban cho mgt bg Nho gia- sang chQ Ndm. Hien chQa ro sd<br /> Thien nam dU hg tap (47). iQgng saeh tang trQ.<br /> Thu vien Bong Lai; Theo ThUdng kinh<br /> ThQ vi^n Viet N a m dQdc hinh t h a n h tQ<br /> phong vat ehi (48) thi tai Thanh Thang<br /> thdi nha Ly va p h a t trien qua cae trieu<br /> Long, ddi Le ed thu vien ggi la Thu vien<br /> T r i n , Le, Tay Sdn dQdi nhieu dang thQc<br /> Bong Lai. Hien chua ro each thQc td' chQe<br /> khac n h a u (cac kho kinh d ehua, t h u vien<br /> va chiing loai thu tich dugc iQu trQ d day.<br /> trong cae ed quan n h a nUdc, thU vien ddc<br /> Dudi trieu Le, sd iQdng thu tieh ciia dan lap...), d cac trinh do va tinh chuyen biet ve<br /> tdc tang len ve sd lUdng, cdc bd sdch ldn chQe nang khae nhau. D i n h a n thay r i n g<br /> duge bien soan, khae in va lUu hanh. Nhieu tQ chd cd kho chi luu giQ mdt bg kinh (kho<br /> ban in cac sach dUdc thiie hien, ke ea sach Tran Phuc, nha Bat g i a c . ) thi cang ve sau<br /> cua Trung Qudc nhu nam 1435 hoan t h a n h sd lUdng thQ tieh trong cac thQ vien d i n<br /> van k h i e mdi sach Ti thU dgi todn (49)... tang len, cd nhieu chung Icai da dang hdn.<br /> Hang nam, sd' lUdng saeh edng ban xud'ng NhQng thQ vien nay la tien de de de'n thdi<br /> cae phii khdng phai la it, nhu cae saeh "Ti Nguyin, cac thQ vien ldn ciia nha nUdc cd<br /> thu, Ngi kinh. Dang khoa luc, Hgi thi luc, tinh chuyen biet hda cao hdn dUde xay<br /> Ngoc dudng van phgm, Vdn hien thdng dung, thQ tieh dQdc t h u t h a p tQ cac trieu<br /> khao, CUdng muc eung cae loai sach thudc" dai trudc dd cung la cd sd de hinh t h a n h<br /> (50). Dd la ehua ke de'n viec trieu dinh lien khd thQ tieh phong phu sau nay.<br /> tue ban h a n h cac sach do trieu dinh bien<br /> soan trong ea nUdc, dac biet Id eac dieu II. Trieu N g u y e n<br /> luat, quy dinh mdi... nhu nam 1511, trieu<br /> Trieu Nguyin, mgt mat da ke thQa<br /> dinh ban sach Tri binh bdo phgm cho ea<br /> truyen thd'ng sUu tam, t h u t h a p va t a n g trii<br /> nude, gdm 50 dieu (51). Day la cd sd de ta<br /> thu tieh eua eac trieu dai trUdc, m a t khac<br /> Luoc hhia v& thu vien c6ng.. 65<br /> <br /> da no liie xay diing nhieu thu vien ldn<br /> nhim luu trQ thQ tieh va quan ly thQ tieh<br /> ngay mdt ed tinh chuyen nghiep hdn. TQ<br /> khi lap nQdc nam 1802 den luc cao ehung<br /> nam 1945 nha Nguyin da xay diing dQdc 5<br /> nhdm thu vien chinh la ThQ vien Qud'c sQ<br /> quan, l i u Tang thU, ThQ vien Ddng cac<br /> (bao gdm ThQ vien Tu Khue), Tan thQ vien<br /> (sau la ThQ vien Bao Dai), Cd hoc vien.<br /> Thd vien Qud'c si qudn (1821 • 1945)<br /> Tien than cua Qud'c sQ quan trieu<br /> Nguyin la SQ cue. Chua ro boat dgng cila<br /> Anh 1: M^l trudc Quoc sir qudn nam 1942<br /> SQ eye bat d i u tQ nam nao nhung ngay tQ<br /> khi len ngdi vua Gia Long da ban hanh hai Ngudn: Paul BOUDET, Les Archives des Empereurs<br /> td chie'u keu ggi toan dan dang nop nhQng D 'Annum ei I 'Hisloire Annamite, BAVH<br /> tai lieu da ghi chdp ve lich sQ da't nUde (57). Nhung, sau vu an Nguyin Van Thanh<br /> trong may chuc nam trUde dd cho trieu kdo dai mdt nam rUdi dUa de'n viec dng tii<br /> dinh tham khao de bien soan nhQng cdng sat vao thang 6 nam 1817, chic ban edng<br /> trinh ve lich sQ. Nam 1811, vua Gia Long tac soan sQ ndi tren ehUa dat dUde ket qua<br /> da xudng chie'u eho cac trd'n tQ Quang Binh cu the nao, ne'u cd thi eung chi dang d trong<br /> trd vao: "Dat chie'u eho cae sT dan tQ nam giai doan chuan hi "ma chua kip bien chdp"<br /> Quy Ty trd ve sau, nam Nham Tua't trd ve nhu vua Minh Menh eho bie't sau dd.<br /> trudc, pham nhQng viec quan he de'n viec Nam mdi len ngdi (1820), vua Minh<br /> nudc, ai hay bien chep thanh quyen dUa Menh ban hanh mdt td chie'u va mdt td du<br /> nop quan sd tai, cac eu gia ai hay nhd viec ndi ve viec sUu t i m tU lieu va viec xay diing<br /> cu thi dUde quan sd tai mdi de'n hdi, ghi Qud'c sQ quan. Trong td chieu gQi de'n toan<br /> ch^p chuyen tam, ldi ndi nad ghi dQdc vao<br /> sQ se cd thQdng, t h i n g cd can pham buy<br /> cung khdng b i t tgi" (54). Vao thang 8 nam<br /> 1811 dudi thdi Gia Long (1802 - 1819),<br /> trieu dinh da "ban soan Qudc trieu thUc<br /> luc" (55). Pham Thich, Nguyin Dudng,<br /> Tran Toan dUde dieu ve kinh, sung ehflc<br /> Bien tu d SQ cue. Rdi vao thang 1 nam<br /> 1812, mdt van t h i n trong trieu la V6 Trinh<br /> dang len cho vua xem mgt ban pham le ve<br /> viec soan sQ. Vua lien cQ Nguyin Van<br /> Thanh sung chQe Td'ng tdi va Pham Nhu<br /> Dang lam Phd Td'ng tai trong viec bien<br /> soan Quo'c triiu thiic luc (56). Hdn nQa nam Anh 2: Cdc lH dung sdch cua Quoc sir qudn nim 1942<br /> sau, Nguyin Van Thanh "xin ken them nho<br /> Ngudn: Paul BOUDET, Les Archives des Empereurs<br /> than de sung SQ cue... Vua khen va nhan" D 'Annum et I 'Hisloire Annamite, BAVH<br /> 65 Rghien cuu Ljch sii. sg 9.2009<br /> <br /> dan, nha vua ndi de'n sQ c i n thie't phai viet sdn son de ca't giQ sQ sach va tQ lieu; nam<br /> sQ thdi cac chua Nguyen: dai khai tUdng tQ 1902, tu bd' n h a chinh va mdt sd n h a phu<br /> ndi dung hai td chie'u ma vua Gia Long da khae. De'n nam 1942, qua nhQng bfle anh<br /> ban h a n h nam 1811. Td du a'y ban h a n h do Paul Boudet chup, tda n h a chinh va<br /> vad thang 7 nam 1820 va tru sd lam viee nhQng tu saeh d day v i n cdn h i u nhU<br /> eua Qud'c sQ quan dUdc "xay dap hdn 1 nguyen ven (63). Ba'y gid mgt so' Nho t h i n<br /> thang thi xong" (58), nghTa la hoan t h a n h dd cQ n h a n va tie'n sT trong nhQng khoa thi<br /> vao thang 8 nam 1820. Ve dia diem tga lac chQ Han cuol cung va mgt sd' thd khae chQ<br /> eua Qudc sQ quan, neu Minh Menh chinh van edn lam viee tai Qud'c sQ quan. Mai de'n<br /> ye'u ehi ndi la "ben ta trong Kinh thanh" thi t h a n g 8 n a m 1945, cd quan nay mdi ngUng<br /> Dgi Nam nha't tho'ng chi eho bie't ro hdn, la boat dgng eung luc vdi sii edo chung ciia<br /> "d phudng Phu Van trong kinh thanh" (59). trieu Nguyen.<br /> Nd nam d phudng Trung Hau vao nQa d i u Qud'c sQ quan dUdc hoat dgng vdi hai<br /> the ky XX thudc dia phan phudng Thuan ehflc nang chinh. Mdt la bien soan qud'c sii.<br /> Thanh ngay nay (60). Mudn viet, cae sQ quan phai cd tU lieu<br /> trong tay. Vua Minh Menh cung da ban<br /> Thdi diem md cQa ehinh thQc de b i t d i u<br /> h a n h mgt td du eho cdc quan sd tai cac dia<br /> lam viee tai day la ngay 5 thang 6 nam<br /> phudng gdp n h a t sdch cu de dang len. Vua<br /> 1821. Hdm dd, trieu dinh da cQ hanh mdt<br /> Tii DQc cung danh gia r a t cao viec bien<br /> cudc le khai trUdng het sQe trgng the tai<br /> soan sQ. Nam 1858, vua Tii DQc da ra ehi<br /> Dien C i n Chanh va tai chinh ed quan trUde<br /> du ve va'n de nay; "Viec lam sii la viec ra't<br /> tac nay (61). Qud'c sQ quan boat ddng tQ<br /> ldn, vi rang p h i i ke cQu viee ddi xQa ehep<br /> thdi diem nay cho de'n nam 1945. 16 nam<br /> t h a n h sach sQ, vQa ngu y khuyen ran, cho<br /> sau (thang 10 nam 1857), dudi thdi Tii DQc<br /> nen ve phan ly va t h e lai phai tinh tudng<br /> (10), vi so' ludng edng trinh dUdc bien soan ma xac dang, viec ghi ehep hay bd bdt di<br /> va k h i e in xong da kha nhieu, trieu dinh phai nghiem ehinh, cdng b i n g " (64).<br /> eho lam them nha chQa van in d cue in sach<br /> Do dd, trieu dinh da tap trung tai day<br /> tai Sfl quan. T i n g tren lat van, dem van in<br /> mdt khdi lUdng sii lieu kha ldn sQu tam<br /> bd Thiic luc de d gian ehinh giQa, cae vdn in<br /> dUdc k h i p trong nUdc do eac trieu dai trUdc<br /> eac tap thd van vua lam ra va bg Khdm<br /> de lai, va rat nhieu van kien h a n h chinh<br /> dinh tieu binh Nam Bae ky phiiOng lUdc de'<br /> qudc gia, nha't la cac ehau ban va cae van<br /> d hai ben ta hflu, lai dem van in hai pho<br /> ban ngoai giao tQ Ngi eac d trong TQ Ca'm<br /> Thong gidm, Uyen gidm mdi (do Hai<br /> Thanh chuyen ra. Day chinh la c h i t lieu de<br /> Dudng, Sdn Tay dang nop) de' d t i n g dudi<br /> cae sQ quan ndi day bien soan nen nhQng<br /> de tien in ra" ggi la Tang Ban dUdng, d sau<br /> bd sQ ldn nhQ hien nay chung ta bie't. Cae<br /> lung tda nha chinh. Vao thang 2 nam 1884,<br /> tu lieu ndy dude dat trong nhQng tu dUde<br /> trieu dinh cdn cho dilng them mdt day nha<br /> lam theo qui each n h u sau: ' T u de sach<br /> ngoai 7 gian 2 chai d phia ddng tda nha<br /> cung nen theo dung kieu trude che tao 10<br /> chi'nh de' lam ndi bien soan Dgi Nam Thitc chie'c, chu vi deu cd eon song de thoang hdi,<br /> luc chinh bien de ti ky (62). mdi p h i n chia lam 3 ngan, ngan thQ 1 chia<br /> Dudi thdi Thanh Thai (1889 - 1907), mdt lam 2 cQa, ngan 2 chia lam 3 ciia, ngan 3<br /> s d t d a nha phu dUdc tu sQa; nam 1890, tu chia 2 cQa cung nen lam con song, cQa nao<br /> bd nha Ta quan cU va lam them cae tu go eung cd d kbda..." (65).<br /> Luoc Khio ve thu vi^n cgng.. 67<br /> <br /> Ben canh dd, Qud'c sQ quan edn td' ehflc vien SQ quan la phiic vu triic tie'p cho eac<br /> in an, phan phdi, lUu chieu cac an pham sQ gia chuyen nghiep ciia trieu dinh. Mai<br /> (chu ye'u la nhQng bd sQ ldn do cd quan de'n nam 1942, Paul Boudet (mgt nha lUu<br /> nay bien soan) va lUu trQ nhflng tai lieu trQ hge - cd tii hge ngUdi Phap) v i n cdn dgc<br /> tham khao eung nhu eac ban in gd. Do ed dUde tai Thu vien Sfl quan nhieu tU lieu<br /> them chQe nang thQ hai nay ma nam gd'c viet tay rat quy hiem tQ thdi cac chua<br /> Thieu Tri thQ 1 (1841) ThQ vien Qud'c sQ Nguyin (1558 - 1775) va thdi cac vua dau<br /> quan dUdc thanh lap va boat ddng dudi sil trieu Nguyen de lai. De'n nam 1951 Vien<br /> quan II cila mdt ehflc quan do trieu dinh Van hda Trung phan d Hue van giQ dUOc<br /> bo' nhiem la Thu trUdng B (tfle Quan thii 31.690 mgc ban. GiQa cac trang cd ddng<br /> thu vien). Cd the tha'y, chfle nang cua thu da'u giap lai cua Sfl quan.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THICH<br /> (1). Thuc vi vin hien chi bang: ThUc l i mdt nUdc (6). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd. Ban in Ndi cac<br /> vin hien. Trich Binh Ngd dgi cdo, Nguyen Trai. quan ban. Mpc ban khie n i m Chinh Hda thii 18<br /> (2). Ding Hong Ba, Trung Quo'c thd vien sd, (1697), Ban dich cua Ngd Diic Thp v i Hoing Vin<br /> Trung Qudc Xua't ban tap doan - Ddng Phuong Lau, Phan Huy Le hieu dinh, Nxb. Khoa hpc xa<br /> xuat ban trung tam, Thupng Hai, 2006, tr. 1-2. hdi, H i Ndi, 1998, 4 tap, t i p 1, tr. 212: 'Tan Miii,<br /> Nguyen vin: [Thai Binh] n i m thij 2 [971J. Bit dau quy dinh cap<br /> bic v i n v6, ting dao... Ting thc^ng Ngd Chan Liiu<br /> dupe ban hieu l i Khudng Viet dai su, Triiong Ma<br /> Ni lim Tang luc, Dao sT Ding Huyen Quang diidc<br /> l^Mil^fiA, tatSfT-tSFffiS. -talS®^. tJ4i. ft4?.<br /> trao chiic Sung chan uy nghi".<br /> # * . iij4i. 1*45. a4i"#?5ia. mnxitm. w^<br /> (7). Theo Phdt dinh ton thdng gia cu linh<br /> nghiem Dd la ni, Phan Vin Cac, Claudine Salmon<br /> (3). Chuyen dan theo Phan Vin, Gido trinh thd<br /> (elm bien), Vdn khdc Hdn Nom Viet Nam, t i p 1:<br /> nien hoc dgi cuang, Trudng Dai hpc Tdng hdp Ha<br /> Td Bde thuoc de'n thdi Ly, Ecole francaise<br /> Ngi xui't ban, Ha Ndi, 1983, tr. 13.<br /> d'Extreme - Orient v i Vien Nghien ciiu Han Ndm<br /> (4). Xin xem them trong Trung Qudc thu vien<br /> xua't ban, Paris - Ha Noi, 1998, tr. 54 - 56.<br /> sd, sach da dan (sdd).<br /> (8). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thu, sdd, t i p 1, tr. 235:<br /> (5). Dudng Bich Hong trong Lich sd sU nghiep<br /> "Miia xuan Minh Xudng d To'ng ve, xin dupe kinh<br /> thu vien Viet Nam trong tien trinh vdn hoa ddn<br /> Bgi tang".<br /> tqc. Vu Thu vien - Bd VSn hda Thdng tin xui't ban,<br /> Hi Noi, 1999, t r 46 - 68, chia thu vien Viet Nam (9). Khuyet danh, Viet sd luge, Tran Quo'c<br /> thinh 3 loai: thii vien nha nudc, thii vien trong cac Vupng (phien dich v i chii giai). Dinh Khie Thuan<br /> chiia chien, tu sach va thu vien tit nhan. Chiing tdi (doi chie'u, chinh ly), Nxb. Thuin Hda vi Trung<br /> trong bai viet nay cho ring thu vien trong cac chiia tam Van hoa Ngdn ngii Dong Tay, Ha Ndi, 2005,<br /> chign (trii nhQng thu vien do nha nUdc thanh lap tr. 75.<br /> 14y chiia chien lim dia diem luu trii) ciing li mpt<br /> (10). Bai Viet sd ky todn thu, sdd, t i p 1, tr. 242.<br /> dang ciia thu vien tii nhan, nghia l i khdng do nha<br /> nudc true tie'p xay diing, thinh lip va quan li. (11). Bgi Viet sd ky todn thu, sdd, t i p 1, tr. 246.<br /> 62 Rghien curu Ljch siir. sg 9.2009<br /> <br /> (12). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 1, tr. 246. (28). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thu, sdd, t i p 2, tr. 38:<br /> "... H i n lam vien Hpc si kiem Qud'c sil vien giam tu<br /> (13). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd , t i p 1, tr.<br /> Le V i n Hiiu vang s i c chi soan xong bd Dgi Viet sd<br /> 247.<br /> ky til Trieu Vu de de'n Ly Chieu Hoing, gom 30<br /> (14). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 1, tr. 247. quyen dang len...".<br /> <br /> (15). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 1, t r 256. (29). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 2, tr. 73.<br /> <br /> (16). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 1, tr. 257. (30). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 2, tr. 78.<br /> <br /> (17). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 1, tr. 258. (31). Quoc sil quan trieu Nguyen, Khdm dinh<br /> Viet sd thdng gidm cdang muc, Ban dich cila Vien<br /> (18). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 1, t r 275:<br /> SQ hpc, Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hoi. H i Noi, 1998, 2 t i p ,<br /> "Mila thu, t h i n g 8, l i m V i n Mie'u Hoing Thai<br /> t i p 1, tr. 669.<br /> tii den hpc d day".<br /> (32). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 2, tr. 169<br /> (19). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 1, tr. 280.<br /> - 170.<br /> (20). T i e gia Phan Van trong Gido trinh thd<br /> vien hoc dgi cddng, Triidng Dai hpc Tong hdp H i (33). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 2, tr. 154.<br /> <br /> Ndi x u i t ban. H i Ndi, 1983, tr. 20 cd viet: "Nim (34). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 2, tr. 419<br /> 1076, n h i vua md Qud'c tii giam de cham lo giang<br /> (35). Qud'c sil quan trieu Nguyen, Dgi Nam<br /> t h u i t Nho giao, cac sach giao khoa dupe phd' bie'n<br /> thdc tuc. Ban dich cila Vien Sil hpc, Nxb. Khoa hpc<br /> rdng r i i v i n h i p vio thu vien eing nhieu. Do dd,<br /> xa hdi, 36 t i p , t i p 1, tr. 1161.<br /> ngoii nhiing kho sach t i n g kinh da cd, mpt thu<br /> vien dung vdi ndi dung cua nd da dUde xay dilng (36). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 2, t r 473.<br /> ben canh Qud'c til giam (1078)". Chiing tdi chiia<br /> (37). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 2, tr. 516.<br /> tim diidc t i i lieu gd'c cua thdng tin n i y nen dUa<br /> vio day de tien tham khao. (38). Bgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 3, tr. 58.<br /> <br /> (21). Dgj Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 1, tr. 281. (39). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 3, tr. 93.<br /> <br /> (22). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 1, tr. 282. (40). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 2, tr. 416.<br /> <br /> (23). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 2, tr. 15. (41). Dgi Viet svl ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 1, tr. 100.<br /> <br /> (24). S a i Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 2, tr. 25. (42). Le Quy Ddn, Dgi Viet thdng sd. Ban dich<br /> ciia Vien SQ hpc, Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hdi. Ha Npi,<br /> (25). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 2, tr. 25.<br /> 1978, Bdi tda Nghe vdn chi, tr. 101.<br /> (26). Tie gia Phan V i n trong Gido trinh thd<br /> (43). Theo Dd dia chi thong ludn, b i i cua L^ Til<br /> vien hoc dgi cddng, sdd, tr. 20: "Nim 1253, Qud'c<br /> Ti'n ch^p d phin dSu s i c h Du dia chi, dc Trai tap.<br /> hpc vien dUdc t h i n h lip, de cho cac Nho sinh hpc<br /> Chuyen d i n theo TrSn Van Giap, Tim hieu kho<br /> tip, cd kho chCla sich, phong doc sich, cd th^y<br /> sdch Hdn Ndm - ngudn td lieu vdn hge, sd hoc Viet<br /> giang diy, cd ndi de hpc sinh luu tni".<br /> Nam, t i p 1: Thil vi§n Quoc gia xui't ban. H i Ndi,<br /> (27). Cd the ke den cac bp nhu Trung hdng thdc 1970, tr. 48.<br /> luc, Hodng triiu Dgi dien, Hinh thu, Dgi Viet sd<br /> (44). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 1, tr. 93:<br /> ky... Hien deu da mi't.<br /> "... d i t ten l i Bdn ky tuc bien, giao cho k h i e in.<br /> Luoc h h i o v e thu vien cgng... 59<br /> <br /> <br /> miidi phin mdi chiing dupe nam, sau. NhUng cdng (58). Bgi Nam thdc tuc. sdd, t i p 5, t r 207.<br /> viec chua xong, sach con giii d Bi cac".<br /> (59). Quo'c sil quan trieu Nguyin, Bgi Nam<br /> (45). Theo Viet gidm thong khdo tdng luan ciia nha't tho'ng chi. Ban dich ciia Pham Trpng Diem,<br /> Le Tung, chuyen d i n theo ban dich cua T r i n Vin hieu dinh Dio Duy Anh, Vien Khoa hpc xa hdi Viet<br /> Giap, Tim hieu kho sdch Hdn Ndm, sdd, t i p 1, tr. Nam, Vien Sil hpc - Nxb.Thuin Hda.<br /> 64.<br /> (60). Dia diem Qud'c sil quan xUa nim trong<br /> (46). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 1, tr. 100. khuon vien trudng Trung hpc Nguyen Hue ngiy<br /> nay. Tai day, cdn lai cii gieng xUa, di tich cudi<br /> (47). Bgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 2, tr. 516.<br /> ciing cua Qud'c sii quan. Con dUdng chay ngang<br /> (48). Chuyen d i n theo T r i n Van Giip, Tim trudc mat nd dudc dat ten l i dudng Sil quan tCi<br /> hieu kho sdch Hdn Nom, sdd, t i p 1, tr. 14. nhiing n i m diu t h i p nien 1940, nay ddi ten thinh<br /> (49). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 2, tr. 335. dUdng Ngd Si Lien.<br /> <br /> (61). Npi cac trieu Nguyen, Khdm dinh Bgi<br /> (50). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 2, tr. 490.<br /> Nam Hgi dien sd le (chinh bien). Ban dich cua<br /> (51). Dgi Viet sd ky todn thd, sdd, t i p 3, t r 58. Vien Sil hpc, Nxb. Thuin Hda, Hue, 1993, 15 tip,,<br /> (52). Theo Le Quy Don trong b i i tua sach Nghe t i p 8, t r 107 - 109.<br /> van chi, Dgi Viet thong sd, sdd, tr. 101: "De'n ddi (62). Bgi Nam thdc tuc, sdd, t i p 36, tr. 81.<br /> Nguy Mac, d i n d i n nhiing sach vd i'y cQng dildc<br /> thu thip bien chdp lai." ("Sich vd i'y d day la (63). Paul Boudet, Les Archives des Empereurs<br /> nhiing thu tich tai lieu bi rdi vai trong loan T r i n d'Annam et I'histoire annamite. Bulletin des Amis<br /> Cao nam 1516). du Vieux Hue, XXIX Ann^e, N°3, 1942, tr. 229 -<br /> 259, tranh t r XLll - XLIII.<br /> (53), Chuyen d i n theo T r i n Nghia, Di sdn Hdn<br /> (64). Bgi Nam thdc luc, sdd, t i p 4, t r 121.<br /> Ndm Viet Nam thd muc de ye'u, T r i n Nghia, &<br /> Francois (chu bien), Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hoi, H i Noi, (65). Hgi dien tuc bien, Khdo cd tap san, Sii<br /> 1993, tip 1, bii Ddn ludn, t r 19: La San phu td, gdn, so 4 n i m 1966, tr. H I , 113. Chuyen d i n theo<br /> Nxb Minh Tin, 1952, t r 148. Phan Thuin An, Quo'c sd qudn trieu Nguyen vd gid<br /> tri cda nd trong nen hoc thuat Viet Nam, (Tap chi<br /> (54). Dgi Nam thuc luc, sdd, t i p 4, t r 921.<br /> Nghien cdu vd phdt trien) Tuyen tap nhdng bdi<br /> (55). Bgi Nam thdc luc, sdd, t i p 4, tr. 120. nghien cdu vi triiu Nguyen, Sd Khoa hpc, Cdng<br /> nghe vi Moi trudng Thiia Thien Hue & Trung tam<br /> (56). Dgi Nam thdc luc, sdd, t i p 4, tr. 138.<br /> Bao tdn di tich Co' dd Hue xui't ban, 2002, 739 tr.,<br /> (57). Dgi Nam thdc luc, sdd, t i p 4, t r 157. t r 219.<br />