1

–

—C—OR',

O

VD1: CH3COOCH3, HCOOCH3, CH3OCO–COOCH3.

RCOOR' O

oH ,t(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)⇀(cid:1)↽(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)

R—C—O—R'

RCOOH + R'OH RCOOR' + H2O

(1) Este no. (2) Este không no.

• • •

nH2nO2.

VD2:

1

A) CH3COOH. C) HCOOCH3. B) CH2(COOH)2. D) CH2=CH–CH2OH.

1

2

A) HCOOH. C) (COOCH3)2. B) (COOH)2. D) HCOOC2H5.

3 không

A) CH3COOCH2CH3. C) HCOOCH3. B) CH3COCH3. D) C6H5COOCH3.

4 không

A) CH3OOCCH3. C) HOOCCH3. B) HCOOCH3. D) CH2=CHCOOCH3.

O O

5

A) CH3COOCH2OOCCH3. C) CH3COOCH2COCH3.

3–C–O–CH2CH2–O–C–CH3 là B) CH3COOCH2CH2OOCCH3. D) CH3COOCH2CH2COCH3.

O

3–O–C–C2H5

6

B) CH3OOCC2H5. D) A) CH3OCOC2H5. C) C2H5COOCH3.

7

A) CH3COOCH3. C) (COOCH3)2. B) (COOH)2. D) (CH2CHO)2.

2=CHCOOCH3

8

3OOC–COOCH3 là este

A) B) C) D)

A) B) C) D)

2

3COO–CH2CH2–OCOCH3

A

A) B) C) D)

B

2).

3). 1). A) CnH2nO2 (n C) CnH2n–2O2 (n B) CnH2nO (n D) CnH2n+2O2 (n

C

2). 4). 2). 3) A) CnH2n–2O2 (n C) CnH2n–2O4 (n B) CnH2n–4O4 (n D) CnH2nO4 (n

D

A) B) C) D)

4H8O2 là

E

A) 5. B) 2. C) 4. D) 6.

5H10O2 là

F

A) 4. B) 6. C) 8. D) 9. Chú ý

G

A) 2. B) 3. C) 4. D) 8.

H

A) 5. B) 2. C) 4. D) 6.

2

I

A) HCOOC2H5 và CH3COOCH3. B) C2H3COOC2H5 và C2H5COOC2H5. C) C2H5COOCH3 và HCOOCH(CH3)2. D) HCOOCH2CH2CH3 và CH3COOC2H5.

3

2 Danh pháp

RCOOH RCOO + H+

VD3: Ion CH3COO là fomat; ion CH2=CHCOO là acrylat.

axetat

metyl

metyl axetat. VD4: CH3COO—CH3

fomat

vinyl

vinyl fomat. HCOO—CH=CH2

J là

A) fomic. C) benzoat. B) axetat. D) fomat.

6H5COO là

K

A) benzoic. C) benzoat. B) stiren. D) axetat.

2=C(CH3)COO là

Chú ý L

CH2=C(CH3)-COOH là axit metacrylic.

A) acrylat. C) fomat. B) benzoat. D) metacrylat.

M (a) HCOOCH3. (c) CH2=C(CH3)COOC2H5. (e) C6H5COOCH3. (b) CH2=CHCOOCH3. (d) CH3COOCH=CH2. (f) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2.

3OCO–COOCH3 là

2=CH-CH2- là anlyl 6H5- 6H5CH2-

N

A) C) B) D)

(b) vinyl axetat. (d) anlyl axetat.

O (a) etyl fomat. (c) phenyl axetat. (e) benzyl acrylat.

4

3

ancol, phenol, axit cacboxylic.

—

oH ,t(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)⇀(cid:1)↽(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)

Chú ý

ot

• RCOOH + R'OH. RCOOR' + H2O

4

• RCOOR' + NaOH RCOONa + R'OH.

LiAlH 4 o

O

và ancol.

t

LiAlH 4 o

R—C—O—R' RCH2OH + R'OH.

t

oH ,t(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)⇀(cid:1)↽(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1) ot

ot

ot

ot

VD5: CH3COOCH3 CH3CH2OH + CH3OH.

P (a) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (b) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH (c) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH (d) (COOCH3)2 + NaOH (e) (CH2OCOCH3)2 + NaOH

Q (a) O

oH ,t(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)⇀(cid:1)↽(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)

CH2–O–C–CH3

+ H2O

CH2–O–C–CH=CH2 O

ot

(b) O

O CH3O–C–CH=CH–C–OCH3 + NaOH

5

3

2O

Nhóm –COOH CO2 H2

Không Không Nhóm –COO–

4H8O2

R

ancol là A) 2. B) 3. C) 6. D) 4.

S C4H8O2

A) 3. B) 2. C) 4. D) 1.

2H4O2

3

T

A) 2. B) 5. C) 4. D) 3.

4H8O2

U

A) 2. B) 3. C) 4. D) 5.

ot

V

X (C5H10O2) + NaOH

T

2

Y + HCl T + Ag2O/NH3 (NH4)2CO3 + Ag.

o

H SO (®Æc) 4 180 C

Z but–2–en + H2O.

6

2O

oH ,t(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)⇀(cid:1)↽(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)

Axit + Ancol •

A là ancol, B là axit.

xt o

3OH + CO

axit không •

t

CH3COOH.

4H8O2

W

B) etyl axetat. D) etanol. A) metanol. C) axit fomic.

X X và Y (MX < MY

A) metyl propionat. C) etyl axetat. B) metyl axetat. D) vinyl axetat.

6H10O4

Y

A) CH3OCO–CH2–COOC2H5. B) C2H5OCO–COOCH3. C) CH3OCO–COOCH3. D) CH3OCO–CH2CH2–COOC2H5.

7

Chú ý

VD6: CH3COOCH=CH2 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH2=CH–OH

(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)⇀↽(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1) CH2=CH CH3CH=O

H—O

Z (a) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH (b) HCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH (c) HCOOCH=CHCH3 + NaOH (d) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH

a Cho các este sau: etyl fomat (1); vinyl axetat (2); metyl acrylat (3);

ra ancol là

A) 1, 2, 3. C) 2, 3, 4. B) 1, 3, 4. D) 1, 2, 4.

b

sinh ra ancol là

A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4.

8

1).

• TH1: • TH2:

2)

4H6O2

c

A) 4. B) 3. C) 5. D) 6.

4H6O2

d

A) HCOOCH=CHCH3. C) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2. B) HCOOCH2CH=CH2. D) CH3COOCH=CH2.

3

2

3

e

A) HCOOCH=CH2. C) HCOOCH3. B) CH3COOCH=CH2. D) CH3COOCH=CHCH3.

AgNO 3 o

NaOH o

NaOH o

f

t

t

NH ,t 3

Z C2H3O2Na. Y Este X (C4HnO2)

A) CH3COOCH2CH3. C) CH3COOCH=CH2. ã cho là B) CH2=CHCOOCH3. D) HCOOCH2CH2CH3.

9

R' O

hay RCOOC6H4R' R—C—O—

• —O trong este ot RCOO–C6H4R' + NaOH RCOONa + R'C6H4OH.

•

R'C6H4OH + NaOH R'C6H4ONa + H2O.

este

2 n NaOH n

este

2 • n NaOH n

•

CH3COONa + C6H5OH

VD7: CH3COOC6H5 + NaOH C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O

CH3COOC6H5 + 2NaOH CH3COONa + C6H5ONa + H2O.

g (a) HCOOC6H5 + NaOH (b) CH3COO(p–C6H4–CH3) + NaOH

X

NaOH (d−) o

t

Chú ý h Phenyl axetat Y

2O.

A) axit axetic, phenol. B) anhiđrit axetic, phenol. C) anhiđrit axetic, natri phenolat. D) axit axetic, natri phenolat.

9H10O2. Cho X tác

i

A) CH3COOCH2C6H5. C) C6H5COOC2H5. B) HCOOC6H4C2H5. D) C2H5COOC6H5.

10

+H2O/HgSO4, to (4)

o

o

o

2

3

j

Br ,H O 2 2 (5)

CuO,t (3)

H /Pd,PbCO ,t (1)

2H O/H ,t (2)

+O2

(6)

o

A B C D C2H2

NaOH,t (8)

+B/H+, to (7)

+NaOH, to (9)

E B + F

A – F

o

3

k

AgNO /NH ,t 3 (2)

B

C

+NaOH, to (1)

Vinyl axetat

H ( 4)

A C

+NaOH, to (4)

Etyl axetat

2O /men giÊm (5)

D C

A – D.

o

3

l

H (2)

AgNO /NH ,t 3 (3)

A C (NH4)2CO3

(1)

o

3

Vinyl fomat +NaOH, to

AgNO /NH ,t 3 (3)

B

D

A – D.

11

Câu H Câu X Câu 1 C A C

I Y 2 A A D

J 3 D B

Z a B K 4 C C

b L 5 D D B

c M 6 A D

d N 7 C B C

e O 8 B B

f C P 9 D

g D Q A C

h C R B D A

i S C D C C

j T D C C

k U E A C

l V F D

W G B C

M (a) metyl fomat. (c) etyl metacrylat. (e) metyl benzoat. (b) metyl acrylat. (d) vinyl axetat. (f) anlyl axetat.

(b) CH3COOCH=CH2. (d) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2.

O (a) HCOOC2H5. (c) CH3COOC6H5. (e) CH2=CHCOOCH2C6H5.

P

oH ,t(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)⇀(cid:1)↽(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)

ot

(a) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O CH3COOH + C2H5OH

ot

(b) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C2H5OH

ot

(c) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH2=CHCH2OH

ot

(d) (COOCH3)2 + 2NaOH (COONa)2 + 2CH3OH

(e) (CH2OCOCH3)2 + 2NaOH (CH2OH)2 + 2CH3COONa

12

O

CH2–O–C–CH3

CH2–OH

CH3COOH

Q

(a)

oH ,t(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)⇀(cid:1) ↽(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)

+

+ 2H2O

CH2–OH

CH2=CHCOOH

CH2–O–C–CH=CH2 O

O

(b)

O CH3O–C–CH=CH–C–OCH3 + NaOH

ot

NaOOC CH=CH COONa + 2CH3OH

Y = HCOONa T = HCOOH V X = HCOOCH(CH3)CH2CH3 Z = CH3CH2CHOHCH3

CH3COONa + CH2=CHCH2OH

HCOONa + CH3CHO

Z (a) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH (b) HCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH (c) HCOOCH=CHCH3 + NaOH (d) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH HCOONa + CH3CH2CHO HCOONa + (CH3)2CO

HCOONa + C6H5ONa + H2O

g (a) HCOOC6H5 + 2NaOH (b) CH3COO(p–C6H4–CH3) + 2NaOH

3

6H4

2O

CH3

B: C2H5OH. D: CH3COOH.

o

Pd/PbCO , t

3

j A: C2H4. E: CH3COOC2H5. C: CH3CHO. F: CH3COONa.

o

H , t

(1) C2H2 + H2 C2H4

ot

(2) C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH

o

HgSO , t

4

(3) C2H5OH + CuO CH3CHO + Cu + H2O

(4) C2H2 + H2O CH3CHO

men giÊm

(5) CH3CHO + Br2 + H2O CH3COOH + HBr

o

H , t

(6) C2H5OH + O2 CH3COOH + H2O

(7) CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

CH3COONa + C2H5OH

(8) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH (9) CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O

13

k A: CH3COONa. C: CH3COOH. B: CH3CHO. D: C2H5OH.

l A: HCOONa. C: HCOOH. B: CH3CHO. D: CH3COOH.

14