Nghign ciiu<br />
Gia dinii v^ Gidi<br />
S6' 2 - 2 0 1 2<br />
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Mot so yeu to tac flgng flen viec cham soc<br />
Oofi song vat chat va tinh than cua nguai cao tuoi<br />
trong gia dinh Viet Nam hien nay<br />
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Le Ngoc Lan<br />
Vi6n Gia dinh va Gidi<br />
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Tom tat: Trong nhiJng nam gan day, to'c do gia hda dan so' cl<br />
Viet Nam ngay cang gia tang. NhiJng bien doi ve kinh te - xa hoi<br />
dang tac dong va lam bie'n ddi ca'u true, chUc nang cua gia dinh.<br />
Dieu dd cd tac dong ldn de'n ddi song va sU cham sdc ciia gia dinh<br />
den ngUdi cao tuo'i. DUa tren ke't qua mot so' nghien ciiu ve gia<br />
dinh, ve ngUdi cao tuoi gan day, bai vie't phan tich mot so'ye'u to'<br />
cd the anh hUcIng den viec cham sdc ddi so'ng ngUdi cao tuoi trong<br />
gia dinh hien nay nhdm chi ra nhiJng va'n de ma xa hoi va gia<br />
dinh can quan tam de lam the nao cham sdc, phat huy vai trd<br />
cua ngifcli cao tudi ngay cang td't hdn, boi ddp cac quan he giiJa<br />
cac the he, hudng de'n xay dUng gia dinh Viet Nam ben viJng.<br />
Bai vie't chi ra rdng ganh nang ciia viec cham sdc ngUdi cao tudi<br />
trong gia dinh hien nay chu ye'u van do con cai dam nhiem, cd sU<br />
khac biet giiJa con trai/con gai, con trudng/con thU, con de/con<br />
dau, con re, do tudi, v.v. MUc sd'ng, md hinh sd'ng, khoang each<br />
sinh sd'ng ciing la nhiJng ye'u to' anh hudng ldn de'n hinh thilc,<br />
tan sua't trd giup, cham sdc, tham hdi cua con cai dd'i vdi cha me<br />
cao tud'i. Khac biet the he ngay cang ldn giUa ngUdi cao tuoi va<br />
ngudi tre ciing la yeu to' lam nay sinh nhieu va'n de trong viec<br />
cham sdc ngUdi cao tudi ciia cac gia dinh hien nay.<br />
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TH khoa: NgUdi cao tudi; Cham sdc ngUdi cao tud'i; Gia dinh.<br />
60 Nghidn ciJru Gia dinh vk Gidi. Quyd'n 22, so 2, tr.59-73<br />
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Cae nghiln cun vl ngudi cao tudi trong nhung ndm gdn ddy diu chi ra<br />
rdng hien tugng gid hod ddn .sd dang diin ra vdi td'c dd eao d Viet Nam.<br />
Da sd ngudi eao tudi d Viet Nam dang sd'ng d vung ndng thdn vd chi cd<br />
mdt sd lugng nhd't djnh ngudi eao tudi duge hudng luang huu hoac trg edp<br />
mdt sfle hodc cae trg ed'p xa hdi khac. Mdt ty Ic khd cao ngudi cao tudi vdn<br />
edn lam viee dudi nhilu hinh thfle khdc nhau. Theo .sd liCu Tdng dilu tra<br />
Ddn sd vd Nha d ndm 2009, trong sd 7.664.300 ngudi eao tudi (60 tudi trd<br />
len) tren loan qud'c, ed 2.696.668 ngudi dang lam viee (chie'm 35,2% sd<br />
ngudi eao tudi), trong dd nam gidi eao tudi (41,7%) dang lam viee tao thu<br />
nhdp nhilu han nfl gidi (30,3%). Cd 18,6%) ngudi 65 tudi trd lln di cu<br />
tham gia lire lugng lao ddng.<br />
Theo dilu tra ndm 2006 vdi 9.300 hd gia dinh, ed 32,6%? sd hd cd ngudi<br />
eao tudi. Trong sd hd ed ngudi eao tudi, mdt ngudi sd'ng cflng eon chau,<br />
chie'm 20,8%; ty le hd ed 2 ngirdi eao tudi .sd'ng ehung la 11.4%. Hd gia<br />
dinh ed ngudi eao tudi phdn bd khdng diu giua cdc vung miln, cao nhd't<br />
d vung Bdc trung bd 36,3%; vung Nam Bd 34.7%; ddng bdng sdng Hdng<br />
34,2%; duyen hai Nam Trung Bd 33,9%; ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long<br />
32,1%; Ddng Bdc 29.1%; Tdy Bdc 22.8% va thdp nhdt vung Tdy Nguyen<br />
22,1%. Mdt ty le ldn hd ed ngudi eao tudi Id hd ngheo (35.4%) (Bd Van<br />
hda, Thi thao va Du lich, 2008).<br />
Dua tren ke't qua mdt sd nghien curu vl gia dinh, ve ngudi cao tudi thdi<br />
gian gdn ddy, bdi vie't phdn tfch mdt sd ye'u to ed anh hudng den viee cham<br />
sde ddi sd'ng ngudi eao tudi trong gia dinh nhdm ehi ra nhung \an dl ma<br />
xa hdi vd eac gia dinh edn quan tam dl chdm sde, phat huy \ ai trd eiia<br />
ngudi eao tudi ngdy edng td't hon, bdi ddp eae quan he giura ede the' he,<br />
hudng de'n xdy dung gia dinh Viet Nam bin vung.<br />
1. Mot so yeu to tac dong den viec chdm soc ddi song vat chat cua<br />
ngudi cao tuoi<br />
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Yeu td gidi tinh va do tudi ciia con cai<br />
Nghien cfln eiia Bui The'Cudng (2005) vl ngudn lue vdt ehd't cua ngudi<br />
eao tudi dua tren sd lieu cudc khao sdt RRDES 1996 tai ddng bdng sdng<br />
Hdng eho thd'y giflp dd tfl con cai dung thfl: hai sau ngudn thu ttr kinh tl<br />
hd gia dinh ndng nghidp. Babieri (2006) cho rdng viec gijri tiln vd hang hda<br />
Id hinh thfle thay the'chu ye'u cho ede loai hinh chdm sde truyin thd'ng ciia<br />
con cdi dd'i vdi cha me. Cdn theo nghidn ciiu vl Su'c khde va phuc lgi eua<br />
ngudi eao tudi (tai xa Khanh Mdu, Ninh Binh 2010), trong sd 288 ngudi<br />
eao tudi dugc hdi, 42,4% cho rdng ngudn hd trg tai chfnh ehu ylu eho ban<br />
thdn vd ban ddi Id tit cdng viee san xud't/kinh doanh (nam 49,3% va nfl<br />
Le Ngoc Lan 61<br />
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Bang 1. H6 trg tien bae cho ngudi cao tudi vd cac dac trung ciia con cai<br />
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Ylu td Bie'n sd Sd luong % Chung<br />
Gidi tinh*** Nam 736 35.0 2105<br />
NO 884 30.1 2941<br />
Tudi*** 50 292 38,2 765<br />
Khu vuc*** Thanh thi 528 40.3 1311<br />
Ndng thdn 1092 29.2 3735<br />
Chung 1620 32,1 5046<br />
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Ngudn: Sd lieu Dilu tra Gia dinh Viet Nam 2006. MOc y nghia: ***