Những biến động trong chính sách của Mỹ đối với Châu Á - Thái Bình Dương thập niên đầu thế kỷ XXI cơ sở thực tiễn và lý luận

NHONG B I E N DONG TRONG CHiNH SACH CUA MY Otil VOU<br /> CHAU A - THAI BlNH DUVNG THAP N I C N DAU T H £ KY XXI:<br /> COSOrTH^TliNVALtLUAN<br /> <br /> <br /> NGUYEN T H A I YfeN HlTONG'<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> N hiing nim diu thdp l^y ^^i hai cua<br /> thd ky XXI dang ching kidn nhflng<br /> bidn ddng ddng cfi y nghia eiia My tgi khu<br /> My ddi vdi khu vi^c. D l gdp phin cfi dflpc<br /> dfinh gid mdt cflch khich quan vd diln b i ^<br /> gin dfiy cd nhilu cfich tidp e^n v i giai<br /> vflc ehdu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng, khdng chi thfch, cflch tilp cdn dfla vio Ijch s i v i cd sd<br /> bing cfic ldi tuydn bd c i a Idnh dgo My - ly ludn l i muc dfch m i t i c gia bii vilt niy<br /> trong thdng didp lidn bang thfing 2-2012, hfldng tdi.<br /> Tdng thdng Barack Obama da nhflii mgnh Trong sudt qud trlnh ljeh s i hinh thdnh<br /> "nfldc My Ik mdt cfldng quoc Thfii Binh v i phfit triln cua nfldc My. mdt thi?c td<br /> Dudng" vd di kdm Id hdng logt ddng thdi khdng t b l p h i nhdn, da dflpc nhilu nhi<br /> tao ndn mdi quan tfim trong gidi hogch nghidn ciu My v i thd gidi chia a&, dd li<br /> dinh ehfnh sfich v i nghien cflu trdn t b l nhdn t h i e cua ban thfin cfic n h i lanh dgo<br /> gifii. Bdn canh diy. tbeo chu ky nfldc My My v i ndn tang ly lu^n tdc ddng tdi nh^Ln.<br /> hidn nay dang trong giai dogn chuIn bi cho t h i e chfnh tri c i a Chfnh phu MS ddi vdi<br /> mdt cufie biu c i mdi chua ro thing Ipi nbflng diln bidn xay ra trong hd thdng<br /> thufic vd Dang Dfin chu hay Dang Cdng chfnh trj thd gidi da quydt djnh r i t nhilu<br /> hda, Tidp theo diln bidn gin ddy nhd't cua ddn vide hp dfla ra nhiing phan iing nhu<br /> My ddi vdi khu vi^c, trong gidi nghidn ciu thd nio d ^ vdi si^ thay ddi dang diln ra<br /> My d i cd ludng nhdn djnh eho r i n g My trdn thd gidi v i cflc khu v\tc khdc nhau.<br /> dang chuyin hfldng sang kbu vi^c chfiu A - Nhdn t h i e n i y ciing t i y thudc vdo tfic ddng<br /> Thdi Binh Dfldng. Ludng y kidn t h i bai lgi c i a cfich nhdn thflc. t i c l i vide cdc nhd<br /> cho ring My vSn tidp ti^c sU ed m$t tai khu hogch djnh v i triln khai chfnh sfich x i sU<br /> vi^c, nhing h i n h ddng gin ddy chi l i dilu nhu thd n i o dfii vdi bidn thijlc khfieb quan;<br /> chinh theo hfldng tdng cfldng c b i khfing dilu niy lidn quan ddn quan nidm chfnh tri<br /> phai 8\f chuydn hfldng. Tuy nhidn. cfic y cia chfnh hp v i tiinh dp nh^n thie, t i c U<br /> kiln ddu chia se Id khu vuc vd cu t b l l i cfich t h i e cfic ehfnh khfieb niy thi hidn<br /> Vi§t Nam sd chju tdc ddng bdi nbiing dilu nhdn t h i e cua minh trong q u i trinh trien<br /> chinh ho$c tilp tyc trong ehfnh sfich c i a khai theo mdt trinh tU nhU thd nio. Vi vfiy,<br /> <br /> <br /> TGS.TS. Hpc v i ^ Ngogi giao<br /> RhOmg blgn dQng frong ehlnh s6eh cia niy,.<br /> <br /> dl hidu rfi dflpc b i t ky vide hogch dinh vd Chu nghia Bidt lfip (1) Id mdt tfl duy<br /> triln khai cbfnh sfich cua My trong mdt chidn Iflpc ddi ngogi cia My trong mdt thdi<br /> giai dogn cu thd ndo deu ndn dua vd 4 ydu gian ddi v i sau ndy trd thdnh mfit xu<br /> td trong chidn Iflpc ddi vfii khu vi^c eua My: budng trong chfnh sdeh dfii ngoai eia My.<br /> 1) Tfl duy chfnh trj cua cdc n h i lanh dgo Chi ngbia Bidt Up l i xu bUfing mudn My<br /> My; 2) Thfl ti^ flu tiSn cua khu vi^c dd vfii ding ngoii cfic cdng vide eua qude tdvdi Up<br /> khu vi^c khfic trdn t b l gidi theo cfich tidp ludn r^ng "My ndn trfinh lidn minh Vinh<br /> cfin so sfinh trinh tt; flu tidn; 3) Mi^c tiSu viln vdi bd't ky khu vi^e ndo trdn thd gidi".<br /> cia My dfii vdi khu vflc trong giai dogn cy Chu nghia Bi^t Up dflpc ra ddi trong bdi<br /> thd v i 4) Vide thijc hidn chidn Iflpc v i phgm canh nfldc My mdi giinh dpc Idp, t h i v d lUc<br /> vi cbfnh sfich dflpc triln khai. rd't ylu so vfii cdc d l qude chfiu Au, do d6<br /> phai ddn li^c dl ciing cd ddc Up. phfit triln<br /> 1. Tit duy chinh tri cua cfic n h i l i n h chi nghia tu ban My v i gfiy dflng anh<br /> dgo - ndn t&ng chinh sflch ddti ngogi My hfldng d Tfiy bfin elu. Nim 1793. trfldc kbi<br /> Vide hogch djnh v i triln khai chidn lupc rdi nhidm sd Tdng thdng G. Washington<br /> an ninh v i dfii ngogi cua My tfly thudc d tuyfin bd My "trung Up" d£fi vdi cudc chidn<br /> mic dp ldn vio quan dilm cua gidi lanh tranh Anh - Phfip "Lidn bang My cd y dinh<br /> dgo My va thien hfldng cbfnh trj trong thvic hidn m§t chfnh sdch thfin" Uli^n vd<br /> chfnh quyen My. Cho d i mi^c tidu ed ban cdng b^ng, khfing thidn vi vdi edc cfldng<br /> qude dang tham chien" (2). Sau G,<br /> trong chien Iflpc an ninh cua My khdng<br /> Washington, cfic chfnh quyin My thdi ky<br /> thay ddi, vide hoach djnh chinh adch eu tbl<br /> ndy diu rdt th^n trpng can du qude td,<br /> nh^m dat dfldc myc tidu chien Iflpc phu<br /> trfinh lidn minh, tranh gay kl t h i d l tfip<br /> thufic vdo quan dilm cua bd mdy hogch<br /> trung vdo cung c l the chd chfnh tri v i thflc<br /> dinh chfnh sfich an ninh, ddi ngogi. Ly do<br /> \\fc eua nfldc My, Anh hfldng cua Chu nghia<br /> chfnh Id vi ehfnh quyen phai dung hoi Ipi Bidt U P UU nay tfldng ddi thd'p. Trong lich<br /> fch gifla cdc phdi nhdm dl dl ra chfnh sfich s i . su t h i t bgi cua My tgi Vi^t Nam v i sau<br /> CO ldi nhfi't cho ldi ich qude gia. cho giai cdp ndy Id tbfi't bai cua chfnh quyin tdng thdng<br /> thing tri My trong tiftig giai dogn lich s i Bush tgi Trung Dfing da thie diy Chu<br /> dhdt dinh. Nhin tdng t h i co thd thdy tfl nghia Bidt Ifip trong chfnh sdch doi ngogi<br /> duy cua cfic nhd hogch dinh cbinh afich cia My. Cfi the ndi chfnh quyin Obama hidn<br /> My chiu anh hfldng eua cdc trfldng phfii ly nay se khdng v^n dung hpc thuyet ndy.<br /> ludn cd ban l i Chu nghia Bi^t Up, Chu<br /> nghia Hidn thi^c, Chu nghia Tfl do, Chu Cdn theo cdch tidp cdn cia Chi nghia<br /> nghia tfin Hidn thi^c... Mdt m§t, chidn iflpc Hidn thvtc, hd thdng cbfnh trj qude tl" chiu<br /> chfnh tri c i a My l i mdt svt kdt hpp cua bin tfic dfing eua ba vfi'n dl c h i dgo: 1) Cfic<br /> loai quan nidm chfnh tri ndy. Didu niy lim qude gia theo dudi Ipi fch, chi khfing phai<br /> cho chfnh adch vd h i n h vi cua My t b l hidn hfia binh; ndu chidn tranh xfim Iflpc v i cfic<br /> ro cdc mdt khfic nhau. Mfit khdc, anh bidn pbdp khdc phuc vi^ ldi fch cua hp thi<br /> hfldng tUdng ddi c i a bdn trfldng phdi ly tim kidm hda binh chi cdn Id ao tfldng; 2)<br /> luan CO ban ndy khdc nhau trong thdi ky Sic mgnh chfnh tri v i qudn sy l i nhiing<br /> nhdt dinh. Dfiy chinh U dilm cdt ldi lim ydu td chu dgo cua quyin lflc; 3) Trong khi<br /> cbo cbfnh sdch eua My cfi tfnh quy luSit vd cdc wda dl khfic nhfl thfldng mai vd nhan<br /> tfnh I n dinh nhdt djnh. quyin quan trong hdn trfldc Ida. chien<br />  Rghien ciii Ljeh sit, atf ».2Qt2<br /> <br /> tranh vd xfim Iflpc v&n n^m d trung tfim dfln c b i vd kh& nfing t h i e diy cdc qude gia<br /> chfldng trinh nghj si^ qude t l (3). An ninh khdc phfit triln thfldng mgi ty do. Quan<br /> qude gia dflpc hilu chi ydu Id an ninh qufln nidm vd sic mgnh qufic gia c i a C h i nghia<br /> a}f v i sic mgnh qude gia dflpc ddnh gifi ehi Ty do vi vdy cing cd anh hfldng ddn ede<br /> ydu trdn cd sd s i c mgnh qufin si^. Thuylt bidn pbdp chfnh sfich ddi ngoai. Khdc v6i<br /> Hidn thi^c mdi (4) di;la trdn nhing nguyin C h i nghia Hidn thyc, C h i nghia Ty do<br /> ly cd ban cia thuydt Hidn thi^c cd didn, tuy khdng nhln mgnh vide s i dyng cfic biln<br /> nhiln nhln mgnh vio tfnh cd'u t r i e trong phfip cfldng ehd, s i dyng aflc mgnh qufin sy<br /> quan hd qude t l coi cfic cfldng qude cd vai 1dm edng cy trong quan hd qude td. Nbflng<br /> trd trung tfim v i ddng thdi nhfl!n mgnh din ngudi ty do thifin vl nhiing bidn phfip<br /> ba bd thdng ciu t r i e trong quan hd qude td, "mdm", ding s i c mgnh kinh td, anh hfldng<br /> gdm: ddn cijlc, hai ci^e v i da cijlc. Bdn cgnh cbfnh trj v i cfic gifi trj dfln chu dl tfic ddng<br /> dd'y, cfic nhd Tfin hidn thyc cung nhfi'n nh&m dgt dupe kdt qua roong mudn. Chu<br /> mgnh tdi uy tfn, anh hfldng vd vj t b l cua ngbia ty do cfi lie sd ndng ldn thdnh lye<br /> qude gia l i ylu td' khdng t b l thilu b l sung Iflpng chu dgo, nhflng dS bj suy ydu, khfi<br /> cho sflc mgnh qufln svt. Chu nghia Hidn klo dii, Trong thdi ky Tdng thdng Barack<br /> tbvlc v i nhflng quan didm c h i dgo cia nd l i Obama vd dfii vdi chfiu A Thdi Binh<br /> trfldng phdi ly ludn cd anh budng ldn trong DUPng C h i nghia Ty do s5 c6 djp phfit huy,<br /> sudt thdi ky Chiln tranh Ignh. Xem xlt d My. nbflng trUdng phfii tfl duy ddi<br /> trong mdt thdi p a n ddi. nd l i dong chay ngogi niy lufin tdn tgi song song, anh<br /> ehfnh c i a chfnh adch ddi ngoai My. Dilu hfldng lie mgnh hdn hay ylu di. t i y thufic<br /> niy lim cho chidn lUdc dd'i vdi ehdu A • vdo tinh binh tCtng l i e v i mdt phin vio<br /> Thfii Binh Dudng gii ving tfnh dn djnh quan didm dang phfii cua mSi tdng thdng<br /> n h i t djnh, My. M$c d i c6 sy khfic bidt giia cde nhdm.<br /> nhflng sy khfic nhau niy chi U tfldng dfii.<br /> Chi nghia TU do coi trong vai trd ciia<br /> cfi khi nbflng ngfldi thudc phfii ndy Ui cfi<br /> kinh td v i tfl do cd nhfln. Chfnh vl v$y, sic<br /> ngudn gdc tfl phfii kia v i trong qufi trinh<br /> mgnh qufic gia dupc nhln nhfin trfldc bdt v i<br /> phfit triln cd bd sung v i dilu chinh nhit<br /> chu ydu t i sfl phdn thjnh kinh td c i a mdt<br /> djnh. Didu ndy 1dm eho ehfnh sdch eiia My<br /> qufic gia v i svt truyin bfi cfic gifi trj dfln<br /> cd tfnh quy ludt v i tfnh dn djnh nhdt dinh.<br /> cbi. nh&n quyin kilu My nhfl tvt do cfl<br /> Theo y kidn cua nhilu n h i phfin tfch v i hpc<br /> nhfin (5). Si? truyin bfi cua cdc quyin ty do<br /> gia, quan didm chu dgo ve s i c mgnh qufic<br /> dfin ehi theo Chu nghia Ty do l i mdt bd<br /> gia cua cfic chfnh quyin My thdi ky sau<br /> phfin elu thinh quan trpng cua sic mgnh<br /> Chiln tranh Ignh v i thdp >^ilii i^u thd ky<br /> qude gia. Khfic vdi cdc n h i hidn thyc,<br /> XXI, l i sy pha trdn, kdt hpp gifla Chi<br /> nhing ngfldi theo Chu ngbia Ty do cho<br /> ngbia Hi$n thyc v i Chu nghia Ty do, Nhbi<br /> ring cfic thidt c h l qude td cfi tlm quan<br /> chung. cfic tdng thdng Dang Cdng hda thidn<br /> trpng d^c bidt v i hd qua tfi't ylu cua sy<br /> vl tfl duy bidn thyc chfnh trj trong khi<br /> phfit triln mgnh md c i a trlnh dd khoa hpc<br /> Dang Dfln chu tbiSn hdn vl C h i nghia Ty<br /> edng nghd v i phfln cdng lao ddng qufic td l i<br /> do, song khfing cd chfnh quyin nio thuin<br /> sy cin thidt phai hdi nhdp qude td, Mdt<br /> t i y theo c h i nghTa hidn thyc hay ty do.<br /> dilm dflng c h i y khdc Id vide Chu nghia Ty<br /> Chfnh vl vdy. ni$c d i chu nghia tan hidn<br /> do cho rling s i e manh qufic gia cdn dflpc<br /> thyc dang c6 chilu hfldng quay trd lai trong<br /> t h i hidn d kha nfing phd bidn cflc gid trj<br /> tthCmg bi4&i dpng frong chinh 56eh cio my,.<br /> <br /> chinh sach cua My vdi chdu A - Thdi Binh cia nfldc Nga. Cfi y kidn cho ring, Trung A<br /> Dfldng do sfl xult bidn cua "nhdn td Trung Id ving d i t "trfii tim" cua bai chfiu luc Au,<br /> Qud'c", chinh sfich dd se dfla trfin sfl kdt hpp A. Vi vfiy, vi^c gfin hai chfiu lye Au, A vdi<br /> khdo ldo gifla qufin sy vd s i c mgnh ngogi nhau trong cfic phfin tfch dia chiln lUpc<br /> giao v i cbi ding qudn sfl nhfl lidu phdp p h i hpp vdi thyc tiin quan hd quIc t l t i<br /> eudi cflng. Dfi Id sfl k i t hpp gifla ede nguydn kbi xay ra Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai<br /> tic vd chu nghia thflc di^ng chfl khdng phai ddn nay, ddc bidt Id trong bfii canb todn elu<br /> tbeo y thflc hp cflng nhfic, bod tfl cuoi thdky XX.<br /> Chdu Au gin bd vdi My khfing chi vi Ipi<br /> 2. Thijf t y liu tidn cua khu vijfc chfiu<br /> fch an ninh, m i cdn vi nhflng gin bfi vdn<br /> A - Thai Binh Dticftig t r o n g chidn lifOc<br /> bda lfiu ddi, lidn b^ ching tdc truyin thdng.<br /> toan cau cua My<br /> Lich s i nhdp cfl eia nfldc My Id bSng<br /> Chinh sfich e i a My dfii vdi chfiu A - Thfii chflng gin gdc r l eua My chfnh Id t i chau<br /> Binh Dfldng nim trong td'ng t b l chidn Iflpc Au. Sfl cfi mdt cua My tgi khu vflc da dflpc<br /> todn ciu cia My k l t i trong thdi ky nfldc xfic U P tfl aau Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai<br /> My tham gia vdo bd thdng chinh tri thd nhim tgo dilng vj trf cia My tgi khu vyc,<br /> gidi. Cho ddn nay, chie'n lupc todn ciu cia ddng thdi nbu Henry Kissinger da tflng<br /> My triln kbai quanh luc dja Au - A, trong nhdn xdt "My vd chdu Au cfi mpt ldi ich<br /> tiing giai dogn nhd't djnh sfl flu tidn se "dao chimg trong vide ngdn can cac chinh sdch<br /> ddng" gifla hai khu vyc cd tlm quan trpng dfin tdc khfing kiem che eua Dflc vd Nga<br /> dja ehfnh trj ndy. Cdc nhd dja chiln lUdc tranh gidnh nhau trung tdm luc dja chdu<br /> My d cac thdi ky khac nhau tfl Alfred Au" (9). Chfnh vi vdy, trong sudt thdi gian<br /> Thayer Mahan den Brzezinski deu dua ra Chidn tranh lanh, chau Au trd thdnh ndi<br /> nhflng quan dilm khac nhau vl sy hogch dupc My chu trpng mpi ngudn lflc trong<br /> dinh chfnh aaeh khu vflc va trinh tfl trpng trien khai chinh sach ddi ngogi nhim ngdn<br /> didm ehiln Ifldc doi vdi chfiu Au vd chau A. chfin anh hfldng cua Lidn Xd vd hd thdng<br /> Khai nidm "luc dia Au - A" dflpc Brzezinski xa bpi chi ngbia phoi hpp vfii vide kilm<br /> (6), dua ra trong culn "Bdn cd ldn: Uu tidn soat cdc nfldc ehdu Au cu (10). Cdc tong<br /> vd ldi fch dja chinh tri cua My" (7), Tuy thdng cua thdi ky h^u Chidn tranh lanh<br /> nhidn, tdc gia diu tidn cua y tfldng gbdp nhfl Bush (cha), CUnton vd Bush (con) da<br /> hai chdu luc niy vdi nhau ed Id Id Mac the hidn sy dilu chinh chinh sfich cia My<br /> Kinder vd Nicholas Spykman. Theo ddi vfii chfiu A - Thfii Bbih Dfldng. Tuy<br /> Spykman: T h a i lya chpn mdt chfnh sfich nhidn, trong giai dogn ndy, dfii vdi nfldc<br /> doi ngogi khiin cbo trdn luc dia Au • A My, khu vyc Trung Dfing ciing Id mot khu<br /> khfing nay sinh mfit quydn lye chi phfii cd vyc "ndng" thu hut nhieu sflc lflc. O chfiu<br /> tinh fip dao d chau Au va Viln Ddng, cfi Au, sy ra ddi vd cung ed Lidn minh chfiu<br /> nhfl vgy, nin an ninh vd ddc Idp cia quoc Au, vige cfic moi quan hp gifla cfic nUfic ldn<br /> gia ndy (nfldc My) mdi dfldc dam bao chic va edc qude gia tgi chdu Au khfing cdn cfing<br /> chdn" (8). Ve dja ly tfl nhidn, hai chau luc thfing vd phflc tgp v i ddng thdi Id mpt nfldc<br /> Au, A gidp Uen vdi nhau va ed nUdc Nga, Nga tuy cd tilm lflc ldn nhflng hifin dang<br /> mfit cfldng qude cd lanh thd trai dii trdn ca gfip kbd khdn, chfla thd Id ddi thu ngang<br /> hai lye dia ndy, thdm chi ving lanh thd hdng vdi My trong mdt vdi thdp ky tdi, ndn<br /> nim trdn chau A chilm tdi 2/3 di$n tfch cd thi tam thdi My khfing phai quan tdm<br />  Bghien ein Ljeh s i . atf 4.2012<br /> <br /> tdi kbu vyc ndy trong todn bd "tfnh todn lye dja" chflu Au, Chflu A tilm I n nhilu<br /> chidn lupc dfii vdi lye dja A-Au" cua My. thfleh t h i e an ninh v i chfla cd mdt cd chd<br /> DIu nfim 2011, My dfi tuyfin bd cit gi&m hpp tfic an ninh toin khu vyc. Lin ddu tidn<br /> ngfin sfich qude phfing cho chfiu Au v i ding trong Ijch s i , h l u nhfl todn bd nhing thfich<br /> thdi giSm bdt sd qufin ddi My tgi chfiu Au. thflc chu ydu ddi vdi hoi blnh v i dn djnh<br /> Qufin ddi My sd r i t hai IQ doin bd binh v i qude td Ii d chfiu A. Nhilu di san cua Chidn<br /> hai phi ddi khdng qufln, cflng vdi khoang tranh Ignh vin chfla dflpc giai quydt, l^nh<br /> 2.500 Ifnh bd trp, khdi chfiu Au tfl ndm hinb trdn bfin dao Trilu Tidn, xung ddt d eo<br /> nay. Hai l i doin b^ binh hgng n$ng v i mdt biln Ddi Loan, chgy dua hgt nhfin d Nam A<br /> phi ddi khfing qufin, gdm nhing chile phi vd hdn bdt l i sy trdi ddy cua Trung Qude li<br /> cd chidn diu A-10 dflpc mdnh danh Id nhing thfich thflc an ninh ngin cung nhu<br /> "hung thin cia xe tfing", hidn dfing tgi dii bgn dCTi vdi My.<br /> Die. Phi ddi khfing qufin cfin lgi dang ddn Trong thdi gian d m quydn cua Tdng<br /> t r i tgi Aviano, Italy. Kd hogch r i t qufin<br /> thdng Barack Obama. c6 nhiing chuyin<br /> niy sg giam tdng ad binh sT My d chfiu Au<br /> bidn mgnh md trong chfnh sfich ciia My ddi<br /> t i gin 81,000 Ifnh nhu hidn nay xudng cfin<br /> vfii khu vyc chflu A - Thfii Binh DUdng,<br /> khoang 70.000 Ifnh. Trong nhidm ky Tdng<br /> nhflng cd t b l khing djnh r i n g "cam kdt ed<br /> thdng Obama, mfii quan hd gifla chfiu Au<br /> tfnh lich sii" c i a My ddi vdi chflu Au sd vin<br /> vdi nudc My chu ydu dya trdn bdi canh<br /> Id tidp tyc. Gin dfiy nbtft, diu thfing 2-<br /> khung hoang kinh ttf v i ddi bfin cflng<br /> chung nS lye dd giai quylt, Dilu niy da tgo 2012. Ngogi trfldng My H, Clinton da tuydn<br /> ndn quan tfim trong cfic bgn bd ddng minh bd "chfiu Au tidp tuc l i doi tflc hing diu<br /> Uu ddi cia My. cua My" (partner at first resort) (12). Tdng<br /> thdng Obama t h i a nh^n gifla My v i ehfiu<br /> VI Ijch s i nude My cd nhflng mdi lidn hd Au cd nhing bd't ddng vd chle chin sd cdn<br /> lfiu ddi vdi chfiu A vl thuong mgi v i truyin bd't ddng trong tfldng lai, nhflng "nfldc My<br /> giao tfl thd ky XVIII. Mflc d i v$y, khdng<br /> khdng cd d^i tfic ndo tdt hdn l i chfiu Au",<br /> lfiu sau kbi nfldc My ra ddi. khu vyc chfiu A<br /> Ly do chfnh l i vi t h i nhfi't, My cho ring<br /> • Thdi Bhib Dfldng. nlu xlt vl ljeh s i phdt<br /> chfiu Au nhfl thd l i tgm dn dfii vdi My v i<br /> triln, ngay sau Chiln tranh thd gidi t h i<br /> t h i hai, do cfin cdn quyin lye chfnh trj vi<br /> Hai khfing dupe coi l i khu vyc trpng dilm<br /> kmh td trSn thd gidi dang chuyin din sang<br /> chidn lupc nhfl chfiu Au (11). Tuy nhiSn,<br /> chfiu A ndn vdi chfnh sfich thyc dyng ciia<br /> kbi cfich mgng Trung Qude thdnh cfing v i<br /> nudc Cdng bda nhfin dfln Trung Hoa ra ddi minh, My coi trpng chfiu A - Thfii Binh<br /> (1949) v i phong trio giai phdng dfin tdc Dfldng hdn vl nd lidn quan afit sUdn din ldi<br /> phfit tridn d khu vyc niy nhfi't t i d Vidt fch an ninh v i kinh t d c i a My.<br /> Nam. khu vyc ndy bit diu "nim trong tfnh Cd thd thfi'y mdt thyc td rd ring ring,<br /> todn chidn lUpc cia My". My vfi cing lo chidn lupc an ninh ddi ngogi ddi vdi t b l gidi<br /> ngai trflde anh hfldng ngdy cing lan rdng CUB nfldc My dflpc dya trdn vi^c thi hdnh<br /> eua chu nghia cdng san d chfiu A. "nnh chfnh sfich dao ddng qua lai gifla hai khu<br /> hinh ndy da d&n ddn nhflng thay ddi cd ban vyc quan trpng l i chfiu Au vd chfiu A tiy<br /> trong tfnh tofin chidn lupc c i a My d khu thudc vio Ipi fch v i tfnh tofin chiln Iflpc<br /> vyc. D$c bidt. trong giai dogn hidn nay, bfii c i a My tgi tCftig thdi dilm nhfift djnh. Nhin<br /> canh tgi chfiu A hoin toin khdc vii "cflu tdng thi, chidn Iflpc chfiu A - Thfii Binh<br /> Rhil-ng blgn dpng trong chinh s&ch eia my..<br /> <br /> Dfldng ludn Id mdt bd phfin quan trpng Ngay sau khi Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai<br /> trong chidn Iflpc todn elu cua My. Nd phyc kdt thie cho din cufii thdp niSn 60 cia thd<br /> vu nhflng Ipi fch an ninh chu ydu cua My d ky XX, My hogch djnh chfnh sach an ninh<br /> khu vyc ed t l m quan trpng ngiy cing tfing ddi vdi kbu vyc chfiu A - Thdi Blnh Dfldng<br /> ddi vdi My trong thdi ky sau Chidn tranh theo hudng via tranh t h i ddng minh dl<br /> lanh, thidt U P By hidn didn qudn afl vfla triln<br /> 3. Chinh sfich cua My dfiTl vdi chflu A khai cfic bidn phfip ngfin chdn sy phfit triln<br /> - Thdi Binh Diftfng: lich suf v i h i | n tgi cua chu nghia cdng san, tbl bidn ro nhit<br /> qua chfnh sfich ciia My ddi vdi cfic nfldc<br /> Lich s i quan hd qude td dd cho thd'y<br /> Trung Qude, Nhdt Ban vi kbu vyc Ddng<br /> ring trong thdi ky Chiln tranh Ignh, tgi<br /> Nam A. My din tlm cfich thay thd cdc nude<br /> ehdu A • Thfii Bhih Dfldng, chfnh sfich ddi<br /> d l qude ehfiu Au d khu vyc. thilt lfip quan<br /> ngoai cia My ddi vdi khu vyc thyc chit Id<br /> hd ddng minh tay ddi vdi mfit logt nfldc<br /> sy "klo ddi" trdt ty chdu Au. Sy "kdo ddi"<br /> (Nh^t. Philippines. Thdi Lan, Nam Trilu<br /> ndy mfit mfit phan finh tfl duy bfi quyin t h i<br /> Tidn,..), U P cfic khdi quan afl d khu vyc<br /> gidi cia My, m$t khdc phan finh tfldng<br /> (ANZUS nira 1951. SEATO ndm 1954,..),<br /> quan lye Iflpng gifla hai phe "Ddng v i Tfiy"<br /> sdn sing can thidp bing qufin sy dl ngdn<br /> do Lien Xfi v i My lanh dgo. NhU trdn da<br /> ch$n anh hfldng cua Lidn Xfi vd cdc nUdc xa<br /> phan tfch, khi tUdng quan lye lupng cd Ipi<br /> hdi, ay phdt triln eia phong trio giai<br /> eho phong trdo cfich mgng vd giai phdng<br /> phdng dfin tfic. tidu bidu trong thdi ky ndy<br /> dfin tfic chdu A, My quan tfim den chfiu A -<br /> Id hai cudc chidn tranh Trilu Tidn vd Vidt<br /> Thdi Binh Dfldng nhim phdt triln anh<br /> Nam.<br /> hudng d khu vflc niy, ngdn chdn l i n sdng<br /> "edng san" va phong trio giai phdng ddn Thit bgi d Vidt Nam da 1dm dao lfin<br /> tdc, tgo ndn afl ra ddi c i a Hpc thuyet chidn Iflpc tofin elu cua My, bupc My phai<br /> Domino do D. Eiaenhower de xfldng. Chau thay ddi lgi nhdn thie gifla kha nfing v i<br /> A - Thfii Binh Dfldng da trd thinh ndi dl tham vpng, tidn hinh nhiing dieu chinh ldn<br /> My giai quydt nhflng mdu thuin vdi phe xa ve chiin Iflpc thfing qua "Hpc thuydt<br /> bfii chi nghia, chu ydu nhim bao vd v i duy Nbcon", dd Id giam cam kdt d khu vyc, tdp<br /> tri sfl lanh dao cua My tgi Tfiy Au tfl ban trung Cling cd lgi sic mgnh qude gia vd cdc<br /> chi nghia. Vi vdy. tuy khdng quan trpng trpng didm chiln Iflpc thidt ydu cia My.<br /> bing chdu Au trong chien Iflpc todn ciu eia "Sau Vidt Nam", My chuyen chfnh sach dfii<br /> My, chfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng ciing l i mdt ngogi theo hUdng: t h i a n h | n thyc t l My<br /> dia bdn quan trpng di My xfic lfip quyin khfing thd ty y '1dm dflpc td't ca". "cam kdt<br /> lye v i anh hfldng. Dd Id myc tiSu ed tfnh cfi chpn Ipc" nhiing ndi thupc ldi fch cua My<br /> chit xuydn sudt eua My d& vdi khu vyc (13); diy mgnh chdi "con bdi cdc nfldc ldn",<br /> trong thdi ky Chidn tranh Ignh, ddng nghia vdi vide phai chia se quyin lye<br /> trong cac wStn dl qufic td.<br /> Am anh bdi sy ldn mgnh ciia Lidn Xd v i<br /> cfic nfldc Dfing Au, My cho ring nlu khfing Chidn tranh lanh kdt thie, tinh blnh t h i<br /> sdm ed mdt dfii sfich, muc tidu hpp ly dfii vdi gidi v i khu vyc thay ddi cfin ban. Vdi vide<br /> chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng. chu nghia cdng Lidn Xd v i hd thdng Xa hdi chu nghia Ddng<br /> aan se trd thdnh mfit nguy cd khfing chi d Au syp dd. My trd thdnh sidu cUdng duy<br /> khu vyc md thdm chi trdn toin thd giii. nhd't nhflng ft nhilu da bj suy ylu v i g§p<br /> 52 Rghien ciu Ueh s i . ad 4.2012<br /> <br /> nbidu khfi khdn, thdch thflc phflc tgp. Lin tfing mdi lo nggi vl phd bidn vu khf l i hai<br /> diu tidn sau nhilu thfip ky can dy. My thfich thflc an ninh lidn quan tryc tidp ddn<br /> thyc sy trd thdnh cudng qude thdng trj todn an ninh ndi dja e i a My, do vfiy vide duy tri<br /> khu vyc chfiu A (14) vd tidp tyc cd nhflng vd md rdng didn hpp tfic trong khufin khd<br /> Ipi fch quan trpng vl kinh td, chfnh trj v i ede lidn minh qufin ay aong phfldng cua My<br /> v i an ninh trong khu vyc. Ngon ed "kilm cdng trd nfin cin thidt. Nhln chung, cfic<br /> chl cdng san" khfing cdn gid trj tdp hpp lye chfnh quydn My thdi ky sau Chiln tranh<br /> Iflpng, My budc tim kilm ehiln Iflpc kbdc Ignh diu coi cfic ddng minb qudn sy cia My<br /> dl thfch i n g tinh blnh mdi, trong khi vin Id mdt trong nhing try cdt trong cbfnh •<br /> tilp tyc theo dudi tham vpng bd cbi thd sfich cia My ddi vii khu vyc (15),<br /> gidi, Chidn lupc dfii ngogi "can dy" dUpc My Chfnh quyin Bush (con) nhfln manh vai<br /> lya chpn. trd cua edc lidn minh qufln afl dUdi sy lanh<br /> Chiln Iflpc "can dy" dupc tbl hidn kbd ro dgo cua My U try cdt ehfnh trj - an ninh<br /> ndt thfing qua chfnh sdch dfii ngogi cia My trong kiln t r i e khu vyc bdn cgnh try cdt<br /> ddi vfii chfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng. Sau kinh t l • thUdng mgi (16). Quan hd ddng<br /> Chidn tranh Ignh, My g$p hai thfich tbic minb My - Nh^t (dupc ndng d p dfldi chfnh<br /> ldn d khu vflc: thfl nhit, nguy eO "Up quydn CUnton nhflng ndm 1996-1997) tidp<br /> khoang trdng" do cac cfldng qude kbu vflc tyc dflpc cung ed hPn nfla, d^e bidt trong<br /> Ipi dung My, Nga giam anh budng kbu vyc; cudc chiln chdng khung bd do My lanh dgo.<br /> thi hai, xu the "khu vyc hod" cua cfic nfldc Chfnh p h i Australia dfldi thdi Thu tfldng<br /> trong khu vyc chfiu A cd tbl diy My ra John Howard iing hp mgnh md cfic ehfnh<br /> ngodi. Muc tieu cua My lie niy la cung cd sfich an ninh vfi bdnb ddng cia My. Dfii vfii<br /> anh budng, vai trd lanh dao vd tham gia cfic ddng minh ngoii NATO nhU Thfii Lan<br /> cdc vd'n di khu vyc; ngdn chdn vide mpt vd Philippines, My ting cfldng quan hd<br /> nfldc hay nhdm nfldc ndi ldn khdng cbe, ddng minh thfing qua cfic chfldng trinh<br /> thdch thflc vai tro My d khu vflc. De thyc huln luydn chdng khung bd', cung d p ho<br /> hidn myc tieu ndy, My ehi trUdng "can dy" trp vd trang thidt bj qufin sy. tdng cfldng<br /> cac vin dl cua khu vyc (tfl tham gia AEF, tham vlh vd an ninh vd trao ddi ngoai giao<br /> chu dpng nim APEC, dfnh Ifu giai phfip cd'p cao vl cfic vin dd an ninh cing quan<br /> bfin dao Trilu Tidn, vfi'n dl Ddng Timor...). tfim, Quan hd d ^ tfic chiln Iflpc My - An Dd<br /> Vide cd cdu lgi quan hd cdc nfldc lfin, nhfi't dupc ting cfldng mgnh mg. Nfira 2005, My<br /> li cfip My - Trung, d khu vyc t i gifla thdp vd An Dd da ky Hidp ^\dh Khung mdi vd<br /> ky 90 cua thd ky XX, cdng khing djnh Hpp tdc qude phdng vd quan trpng nfla Id<br /> chilu hfldng "can dfl" trong cbfnh sdch ddi hai bdn da ky Hidp iinb Hgt nhfin dfin sy.<br /> ngogi cua My d khu vyc. Trong cfic bidn Ngodi ra My ciing quan tfim ddn vi^c thie<br /> phfip thyc hidn (kinh tl; qudn sy; dfin chi, ddy hpp tfic an ninh vdi mpt sd nUdc quan<br /> nhfin quyin) ddng c h i y lfi vipc My duy tri trpng khfic trong khu vyc nhfl Indonesia vd<br /> 100.000 qufin d khu vyc (ngang vdi ehfiu Vidt Nam (17), Ddi thogi an ninh Vilt - My<br /> Au) nhu mfit cdng cu hflu hidu vl sy bidn da trd thdnh cd chd thfldng nidn gifla hai<br /> di^n khfing thd thidu cua My d chfiu A - nfldc, Trao ddi gifla lanh dao qufln dfii hai<br /> Thdi Binh Dfldng. Cy t b l trong linh vyc an nfldc trd nSn thfldng xuySn hdn. vdi trpng<br /> ninh, sy toin elu hda cfic thdch thflc an tfim tim hidu cd hdi hdp tfic trong vide ddi<br /> ninh dfic biSt l i c b i nghia khung bd v i gia phd vdi cdc vtfn dl an ninh phi truydn<br /> Rhfimg bidn dQng trong chinh afieh ein my..<br /> <br /> thdng. Nhflng cbfnh sdch dflpc triln khai bd 2010 cia Ngogi trfldng Clinton v i Thfing<br /> trong gin bdn ndm d m quyin cia chfnh didp Lidn bang cua Tdng thing Obama<br /> quydn Tdng thdng Barack Obama eho thiy thfing 2-2012 diu nhd'n manh cam kit cia<br /> cd cdch tilp cdn hod giai vd ngoai giao, ldng My vdi cfic ddng minh aong phUdng, tdng<br /> nghe hdn l i fip d$t, s i dyng ngogi giao bdn cudng sy cfi mdt qufin sy tgi cdc nfldc ddng<br /> Id quan sy, da pbUdng hOn l i ddn phfldng, minh truyin thing.<br /> hpc bdi hdn l i dgy bao. Cbfnh sfich ehfiu A - Nhfl v^y cfi tbl thfi'y ring, vi tri chfnh<br /> Thfii Binh Dfldng cia My hi^n nay thi bidn sfich chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dudng thd hidn xu<br /> tinh lidn tyc vdi ehfnh sdch cia chfnh thd lidn tyc tdng lfin trong cfic chidn Ifldc an<br /> quydn trfldc, dd l i flu tidn quan hd vfii ddng ninh qude gia cia My trong thdi ky sau<br /> minh v i can dy vdi Trung Qude. My da cd Chidn tranh lanh. M$e dii My khfing ngflng<br /> nhflng biiu bidn coi trpng hdn ddi vdi khu chuydn djch v i tdp trung afle manh vfio<br /> vflc thd bidn qua chuyin thfim cua Ngogi khu vyc, dfl xu thd chuyin dich niy bj nglt<br /> trudng My Clinton tdi Nb§t Ban, Trung qudng do cudc chidn chdng khung bd,<br /> Quoc, Hdn QuIc vd Indonesia ngay trong nhflng xdt vl lfiu ddi, chfiu A - Thfii Binh<br /> nam diu tidn cia chfnh quyin Obama, Dfldng ed xu thd trd thdnh vj tri quan trpng<br /> Myc tidu cua chuydn cdng du ndy Id trfi'n trong tfnh tofin chien Iflpc tofin elu cia My.<br /> an cfic ddng minb v i doi tfic trong khu vyc Trong thdi gian trfldc, trdn thyc te My chfla<br /> ring My se tiep tyc cam kdt vfii khu vflc vd de ra mfit chien Ifldc ehdu A toin didn.<br /> cac ddng minh vd mudn cfi mfit m^i quan hd Hogch djnh vd triln khai chfnh sdch eia<br /> hpp tac vdi Trung Qude. My da ky Hidp fldc My ddi vdi khu vyc cbi tdp trung cbi ydu<br /> Thdn thidn vd Hpp tac d Dfing Nam A vao khu vyc Dong Bfie A - Nhfit Ban, Trung<br /> CTAC), cam ket tiep tuc can dy d khu vyc Qude, H i n Qude, Trilu Tidn v i gin dfiy l i<br /> vd ciing co quan hd vdi dong minh ciing An Dp, Cd the thiy ring, d i My cd tilm<br /> dupc tbl hien qua ede phfit bidu vd cac ndng aic mgnh trong khu vyc, ehfnh sdch<br /> chuyen cfing du eiia Tdng thdng My Barack eua My vin khfing tgo dflpc kdt nfii cdc ndi<br /> Obama via qua (18). Cd the ndi ring, chfla dung cdt yeu thfinh mot ehiln Iflpc hdp ly<br /> bao gid cdc quan chflc cd'p cao eua My lgi vd dn khdp. Sang den giai doan diu t h i k y<br /> nbaii manh ddn vai trd cua khu vyc chfiu A XXI, dfic bidt Id trong bdn nfim elm quyin<br /> - Thfii Binh Dfldng nhfl thdi gian gin day. eua Tfi'ng thdng Obama, My nh^n thflc<br /> Tgi hlu h i t cdc cudc hpp quoc td ciing nhu dflde ring My khfing thi r i t lui hay ddnh<br /> trong nfldc, e h i de vl ehdu A - Thai Binh gifi qufi thd'p nhflng ldi fch cdn ban cua<br /> Dfldng dflpc cac quan chflc My lidn tyc dl minb trong khu vyc bdt sflc quan trpng<br /> cfip vd vdi t i n s u i t ngdy cing cao hdn. Cfic nfiy, Gid Id lie My ein t^p trung vao vide<br /> bidn phfip My triln khai da tfip trung vdo thyc bidn nhidm vu dfi.<br /> ngoai giao song phfldng, da phfldng vfi<br /> tham gia tich cyc vdo cfic thidt chl khu vyc. 4. Cd sd tgo nSn aif dieu chinh hofic<br /> Dilu ndy da t b l hidn ro trong trien kbai t i n g cydng chinh sfich ddii ngoai c i a<br /> chinb sdch cia My dfii vdi edc nfldc d khu My ddi vdi k h u viYc<br /> vyc. My thd hidn qua hdng loat tuydn bd Tfnh quy lufit l i mdt dfic trflng trong<br /> chfnh sfich cua cfic nhd lanh dao cdp cao hogch djnh chfnh sdch ddi ngoai eua My<br /> trong thdi gian g i n ddy: tuydn bd 2009 eua ndi chung v i ddi vdi khu vyc chdu A - Thdi<br /> Bfi trfldng Qud'c phdng Robert Gates, tuydn Binh Dfldng ndi ridng, Xem xdt cbfnh sdch<br />  Kghien eihi Lleh s i . stf 4.2012<br /> <br /> ddi ngogi cia My d i l i chfnh afich chung eye hofi. t i dfi thilt Up mdt tr^t ty thd gifii<br /> hay ddi vfii t i n g khu vyc cy t b l ddu tbl do My linb dgo, ngfin eh§n khfing dd cho<br /> bidn mdi quan bd vfi tfic ddng lin nhau ba't ky mdt nfldc nio lgi cd thd trd thinh ddi<br /> giia cfic ydu t l quy djnh nin chfnh sdch ddi thu ed k h i nflng de dog vj tri, vai trd v i<br /> ngogi (Ipi fch qude gia; t b l v i lye cua My ndn an ninh cua My. Sy dilu chinh mdt<br /> trong eye didn chung cua thd gidi; sy v | n ehiln Iflpc hay chfnh sfich ddi ngogi trong<br /> ddng cia mfii trUdng qude td ho§c kbu vyc cfic giai dogn cy t b l cfin tuy thudc quan<br /> ddc t h i ; truyin thdng vfin hofi, xfi hdi; dilm cia ding v i cfi nhfin Tdng thdng My,<br /> chfnh trj ndi bd; dfldng ldi vfi tfl tfldng eua dflpc thd bidn rfi trong Ijch s i cbfnh afich<br /> giai cfi'p, dang phdi v i cfi nhfin tdng ddi ngogi e i a My. VI vdy, cbfnh afich ddi vdi<br /> thdng...). Sy dilu chinh chfnh sfich ddi chflu A - Thdi Blnh Dfldng Id bd phdn vi<br /> ngogi cia My t i sau Chiln tranh thd gidi khfing thd vflpt qufi khufin khd chfnh sfich<br /> t h i t h i Hai ddn nay U hd qui tlTt ylu cua ddi ngogi chung cua My. Tuy nhidn do didu<br /> sy thay ddi vfi tdc ddng lin nhau gifla cfic kidn cd tfnh d$c trflng eua khu vyc, ehfnh<br /> ydu td v i a ndu, sfich cua My ddi vdi khu vyc cd miu ale<br /> Tfnh k l t h i a v i dilu chinb chfnh sdch ridng.<br /> ddi ngogi ndi chung v i khu vyc nfii ridng Thi nhdt. My cd quan hd budn bfin vdi<br /> cua cdc chiih quydn My dupc t h i hidn khu vyc Dfing A t i trong ljeh s i ngay thdi<br /> thfing qua cdc nhfin td b^t bidn vd kha ky diu U P qude, t i nfim 1784. tdu Empress<br /> biln. Trong cdc nhfin trf bdt biln hdng diu of China c i a New York dd thyc bi$n nhiing<br /> phai kl din l i thidt Up bd quydn cua My chuydn budn bfin vdi Trung Qude. Trong<br /> trdn t b l gidi. Dfiy li myc tidu xuydn sudt ljeh s i bidn dgi, ngay ca trong giai doan<br /> qua bao ddi Tdng thdng My, ngay t i khi khiing being t i i chfnh 2008-2009, quan h$<br /> John Winthrop rdi Anh d l xfiy dyng "thinh kinh td gifla My v i khu vyc niy vdn dupc<br /> phd trdn dinh nui" vdi y tfldng xfiy dyng duy tri, ASEAN chidm 153 ti USD diu tu<br /> manh dfit fing d4t chfin lim cbuin myc dgo cua My - nhilu gfi'p ba Un mic 45 ti USD<br /> dflc cho toin bd t b l gidi Thidn Chia gido - vdo Trung Qudcvd g i n 10 lin mic 16 ti<br /> dd Id "khfing chi quan tfim ddn nhflng gi l i USD vio An Dd. Nhilu dy dofin edn cho<br /> eua anh m i cdn ca nhiing gl li cua ngudi r i n g tUdng lai cua nin kinh td" thd gidi nim<br /> khac" (19). Trong thdi ky hidn tgi, myc tidu d ving ldng chao Thfii Binh DflOng. Do dd.<br /> My cfi Ipi fch to ldn trong vide phfit triln cfic<br /> cia My Id md rd^g b i quyin ra toin t b l<br /> quan bd kinh tl" vdi khu vyc vfi t b i c diy xu<br /> gifii, trdn ed sd bfi quyin vl chfnh trj. My<br /> t b l m i cia v l kinb tlT d dfiy, Cbfnh gidi My<br /> mudn dam bao cho vi§c binh trUdng kinb<br /> cho ring, khai thfic mdt chfiu A - Thfii Binh<br /> t l trdn todn d u . dam bao vi tri thdng soil<br /> Dfldng tfing trfldng v i nfing ddng l i trung<br /> cua My vd kinh td. Vide truyin bfi nin dfln<br /> tfim Ipi fch kinh td v i chidn lupc cua My,<br /> chu tfl san My, gifi trj vfin hofi My cing Ii<br /> ddng thdi l i flu tidn quan trpng bdng diu<br /> mdt bfi phflin etfu thdnh cua myc tidu bfi ddi vfii Tdng thdng Obama. Nhiing tbi<br /> c h i tofin elu. trudng md d chfiu A cung cdp cho My<br /> Cfi thd ndi r i n g Ipi fch chiln Iflpc ddi nhing cd bdi d i u tfl, giao thfldng vd tilp<br /> ngogi cia My trong thdi gian diu cua tb^p cdn cfing nghd tidn tidn chfla t i n g cd. Phfit<br /> ky vin Id duy tri vj tri cudng qude srf mdt biiu c i a Tdng thrfng Obama trong thfing<br /> trong mdt thd gidi dang din d i n di ddn da didp b ^ bang t h i hi^n ro mye tiSu ciia My<br />  RhBmg biln dQng trong ehfnh s6ch eia m t -<br /> <br /> hidn nay "Tdi se di ddn b i t c i ndi ndo trdn nfii trong hdn n i a thd ky qua, quan hd<br /> thd gifii de md cfic tbj trfldng mfii cho san ddng minh ndy dfi tgo ndn mdt cd chl an<br /> phim eua My. V i tdi se khdng ding ydn ninh khdng chfnh thie tdn tgi d khu vyc.<br /> khi cdc dSi thu cgnh tranh cua ching ta mfic d i cfi lie ndng lie Ignh t i y vio tfnh<br /> khfing chdi ding ludt" (20). tofin cia My vd cfic nfldc trong tfftig thdi<br /> Thi hai, cdc tuyin dudng biln quan dilm, Dfiy Id nin tang vflng chic cho My cfi<br /> trpng nhfi't cia thd gifii. cde ddi tfic chfnh thd dfldng diu vdi nhiing thfich thflc da<br /> trong nhiing nd lye chdng khiing brf, nbiing phfldng bode nhflng vfin dS gai gdc tai khu<br /> lidn hd mang tfnh adng cfin ddi vdi trp giiip vyc vfi Id m§t ed chd tao eho My cdn bing<br /> nhfin dgo vd giam nhg thidn tai. giim nhp vl quyin lye dl cd kha ndng dfldng diu vdi<br /> anh hfldng e i a sy bidn ddi khf bdu cua My bdt ky sy ndi ISn nio cua mdt cfldng qude<br /> khdc cd tbl thdch thflc lgi vj tri cia My tgi<br /> ddu nim tgi khu vyc ndy, Trong 5 khdng<br /> khu vyc ehfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng,<br /> gian chiln lupc m i cfic cfldng qurfc dang<br /> cgnh tranh diu t h i ki XXI thi vide tranh Thi tu. nhfin trf Trung Qude lfi nhfin trf<br /> giinh quyin lflc biln diln ra sfii dfing nhl't theo nhilu hoc gii vd nhd nghidn cflu Id<br /> d khu vyc chfiu A-Thfii Binh Dfldng. Tgi dang thfich tbic lai lufit chdi cia My, Tuy<br /> khu vyc ndy, My cd mdt mgng Ifldi qudn ay nhidn. cfich thflc x i ly quan hd vdi Trung<br /> tfl Thfii Binh Dfldng sang An Dd Dfldng, tfl Qude lgi Id mfit cdu boi ldn. Nhfl trdn da<br /> Nam Cyc ldn Bic Cyc vdi 3 tuydn chi ylu. phfin tfch. t i sau ndm 1975 ddn nay, sy<br /> DSng Nam A nim gifla tuydn 1 gdm cfic cfin chu trpng cia My dfii vdi khu vyc chdu A -<br /> ci quan sy tfl Nhfit Bin, Hdn Qude den dao Thdi Binh Dfldng thfldng bj tie ddng bdi<br /> Diego Gacia trdn An Dfi Dfldng. Dai cfin cfl dien biln ciia tinh hinh khu vflc, chfnh<br /> tiin duydn kieu chuSi dao niy kilm sofit sdch cia My chua phdt triln dflpc thdnh<br /> cde eo biln, vung biln vd dfldng hing hai mdt chidn Iflpc p h i hpp. Vide My thieu mdt<br /> ehiln iupe bdt afle quan trpng, trd thdnh Id chidn Iflpe doi vdi chdu A lau nay da anh<br /> chfin tien duydn cho tuyen 2 gdm cfic dao hfldng tdi cdn bing trong khu vyc. Dilu<br /> trung tfim Id Guam vfi cfic cfin cfl d nfiy dd tgo didu kidn cbo Trung Qude tfing<br /> Australlia, New Zealand. Tuydn 3 gdm cfic cfldng anh hfldng tgi ddy, de dpa quyin Ipi<br /> cdn cfl tfl Hawai ddn Alaska vfi quin dao ciia My v i din din sd lim ydu di kha nfing<br /> dam bio an ninh cia chfnh nfldc My. Bdn<br /> Aleutian. Trong mgng d u tnic ba tuydn<br /> cgnh dd. ban thdn cfic nfldc d chfiu A - Thfii<br /> ndy. My cfin coi Nh|lt Ban vd Australia li<br /> Binh Dfldng. cbo din nay vin tim kilm sy<br /> hai chide neo Nam Bic trong chidn Iflpc an<br /> cfin bing. vl t h i hp se ddn nhdn sy hidn<br /> ninh chau A - Thai Binh Dfldng, cdn Dong<br /> didn cua My trong khu vyc ding thdi duy<br /> Nam A lfi elu noi gifla hai chile neo dd,<br /> tri cfic mfii quan hd song vfi da phfldng vfii<br /> Trung tfim cua cym cfin c i Dfing Nam A Trung Qude. Khdng mdt nfldc ndo trong<br /> trfldc day l i cfin cfl hai qufin Subic v i cdn kbu vyc niy muln bi diy vdo thd phii lya<br /> ci khfing qufln Clark d PhiUppines. nay Id chpn gifla hai cfldng qude. Vi vdy, My ein<br /> cfin c i hai qudn d Changyi d Singapo, t^p trung hdn vio chidn Iflpc duy tri vj tri<br /> Thi ba, khu vyc chfiu A - Thfii Binh cua My trong tfnh tofin c i a edc nfldc trong<br /> Dudng l i ndi My cfi nhilu ddng minh chidn khu vyc.<br /> lupc v i Ifiu bin, do l i Nhfit Ban, H i n Qude,<br /> Australia, Philippines v i Thai Lan. Cd thi Thi ndm, mfit nhfin to d i khfing dflpc<br />  Rghien ciu Lich s i . atf 4.2012<br /> <br /> nhilu nhd nghiSn cflu d l cdp nhflng khfing Dfldng sd l i tfim dilm cua cudc canh tranh<br /> tbl khfing tfnh ddn trong t b l gifii todn ciu quyin lye todn d u gifla My, sidu cfldng<br /> hfia bidn nay. Vd vfin hda, xfi hdi, cfi thd duy nhdt vfi Trung Qurfc, cfldng qude dang<br /> thfi'y rfi mdt thyc td Id thfinh phin ngfldi trfii ddy v i phdn diu trd thfinh mdt cyc<br /> My gdc A (21) vfi sy md rdng "gifi trj vfin trong thd gidi da eye.<br /> hda" My tgi khu vyc bidn nay cd chilu Ljeh s i eho thrfy m3i lin mdt nfldc ldn<br /> hfldng phfit triln. Sic mgnh qufln sy vfi sy dilu chinh chidn lupc ddu tie ddng dfing kl<br /> hi^n didn eua My tidp tyc dflpc mdt sd nfldc ddn quan hd qurfc td, t b i c diy dilu chinb<br /> trong khu vyc dl eao trong vide dam bao an chidn lupc eua cfic nfldc khfic. Dilu chinh<br /> ninh, hfia blnh kbu vyc, d$e bidt li vai trd chidn Iflpc cua My vfio thdi dilm niy cfing<br /> cia My trong vide duy tri t b l cfin bing lye cfi y nghia quan trpng vl My mfit nUdc ldn<br /> lupng trfldc sfl trSi d^y cia cfic cfldng qude trong mdt hd thong chfnh trj qurfc td cfi<br /> khu vyc nhfl Trung Qurfc. Tuy vdy, My chUa nbidu bidn ddng. Tuy nhidn, dfii vdi khu<br /> bao gid cfing kbai cbo ring vide cung erf cdc vyc chfiu A - Thdi Blnh Dfldng, ehfnh sdch<br /> lidn minh qudn sy song phfldng trong khu eua My sd ehi l i sy dilu chinh theo hfldng<br /> vyc Id nhim chrfng lgi Trung Qude bay bit tdng cfldng afl cfi m$t bo^c lfi "ay quay trd<br /> c i nfldc nio, v i chic chfin My sd khdng di lai" cua My tgi khu vyc thfing qua quan bd<br /> theo hfldng niy "trfl khi Trung Qude cd aong phUdng vfi cfic t b l chd da phUdng<br /> hinh dpng de dog tryc tilp din an ninh qurfc dang tdn tgi v i s i p blnh thdnh dya trdn<br /> gia cia My vd cfic ddng minh" (22), nhiing cd sd quan hd da cd vfi tfnh kd t h i a<br /> Nhfl vdy. dfla trdn nhflng cP sd dflpc ndu vd quy ludt dfi dflpc dinh hinh trong cbfnh<br /> cd the thd'y rd ring vi tri cia chfiu A • Thfii sfich ddi ngogi cua My. Ro rfing "sfl quay<br /> Binh Dfldng tdng ldn trong chiln Iflpc todn trd lgi" kbu vyc chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng<br /> elu e i a My e h i ydu do dfiy l i nPi hpi ty da dflpc thd hidn rd tfl cd sd ly lufin cho tu<br /> nhflng cd bdi (vl kinh tl) cing nhfl nhflng duy cua cfic n h i lanh dgo ddn chidn Iflpc,<br /> thach thie an ninh ldn nhfi't ddi vdi My chfnh sfich triln khai cua My tgi khu vyc,<br /> trong tfldng lai, Cbfnh tai khu vyc niy, Thyc td niy dfi gdp phin lim cho ddi sdng<br /> nhiing thach t h i e an ninh trfldc m i t cung chfnh trj c i a kbu vyc v i thd gidi trd ndn<br /> nhfl lfiu ddi dfii vdi My ddi bdi My phii tdp sdng ddng vdi nhiing tfnh tofin chidn Ifldc<br /> trung ddi phd. Xdt t i gfic dd dd, ed t b l thiy khfic nhau cua d c nfldc trong nhiing nfim<br /> trong thd ky XXI, ehfiu A - Thfii Binh gin dfiy.<br /> <br /> <br /> CHUTHtCH<br /> (1). Ngufin g8c cua vi$c My dUa ra Chu nghia lik.m^t lilnh thAc phfit triln cua Chu nghia Bi$t<br /> "bi^t l^p" 1ft vi^c tham cli;! vfio chfnh trj c&n bllng l$p. Trong Th&ng di^p lifin bang nfim 1823, Tdng<br /> quydn Ipc trfin t h i gidi vdi nhflng qurfc gia khflng thdng James Monroe tuySn brf r i n g '^\ic dja chfiu<br /> dfing tin c^y B^ dAn tdi nguy hgi cho Ipi Ich cua My My, vdi dilu ki^n tvl do vfi d$c l$p d& gilknh vk giQ<br /> b ngodi nUdc vjt giam tp do d i n chu h trong nUdc, dupc, khflng t h i bj coi lfi d^i tiA;ng ciia vifc thdc<br /> Xu hudng quan dilm nfiy cho r&ng My chl ndn d&n hofi trong tUOng lai bdi bSCt ky cUcing qufic chfiu<br /> d6ng vai trii I& m^t t l m gUOng v& m$t hinh mSu v l Au n&o" vfi My "coi btft ky cff glng nio nh&m md<br /> m^t xa h$i ti^ do ch£[ khdng nfin g&nh trfich nhi$m r^ng hf thrfng cua hg tdi bfit ky ndi ngo cua ban<br /> quSc trf dii Id nhfin danh ty do. H90 thuylt Monroe c i u nfiy lfi nguy hilm dffi vdi hofi blnh vfi an ninh<br /> Rhflmg bjgn dprigfrongehlnh s^eh eia fflf... 57<br /> <br /> <br /> cia My"; dl dfl'i l^i, My hCia "khflng can thi§p vfio h ttp :llyr^vi •breitbart.com/Drint.tihD?i d=CNG. c 77bb<br /> cac thupc dja ho$c cfic manh d&'t ph\i thu$c dang 96fc2c6873be2Q<br /> ton tai cua b i t ky cudng quflc chfiu Au nfto". Hpc (13). Ph&t biiu cua Nixon t^ii Guam ngfty 25-7-<br /> thuydt "chfku My lfi cua ngUdi chfiu My" nfiy A& cd 1969, Nixon n6u: "My khfing t h i vfi sfi khdng vfich<br /> tSc dong mgnh mS din chiln lUpc My ciing nhu ly ra mpi k l ho^ch, thi^t k l mpi chfldng trlnh, thi<br /> lu&n chinh tri qu^c t l (kh&i ni^m vl phfin chia khu hiknh mpi quylt djnh v& thpc hi^n tfft ca vi^c hko<br /> vVc anh budn^. Hpc thuylt n^y dupc sul d^ng v$ cfic quflc gia tfl do trSn t h i gidi. My sS giup<br /> trong nhQng n&m 1920 khi Chu nghia Bi$t t^ip nhflng ndi n^o thflc sfl mang l^i kit qua vfi dupc<br /> phit triln tdi dinh cao cOng nhU ngay trUdc Th^ xem \h Ipi (ch c i a My".<br /> chiS'n I v& II.<br /> (14). Robert Sutter "The United States in Asia:<br /> (2). Erick Bruun vfi Jay Crosby, Our Nation's Challenged but Durable Leadership" trong David<br /> Archive - the History of the United States in Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda (edited).<br /> Documents, Black Dog and Levental Publishers, International Relations in Asia.<br /> New York, 1999, tr. 192. Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr. 10.<br /> (3). Stephen Walt. "Quan h§ Quefc t^: M^t t h i (15). Chinh quyin George H. W. Bush vh Chinh<br /> gidi nhilu ly thuyS*!^. (Ban dich). Ly ludn Quan h^ quyin Clinton lufln nhfin manh vai tro try cot ciia c&c<br /> QuSc ti. Hoc vifn Quan h$ Qufic tS. 2007, tr. 7. li6n minh cfia My d khu vflc chau A - Thai Binh<br /> (4). Cdn dupc goi la Tan hi^n thi^c, DUdng trong cSc bao cao chifo lUpc cua My d Dong A.<br /> <br /> (5). Stephen Walt. "Quan h^ Quoc tf: M^t thi (16). Ralph A. Coaaa, "Security Dynamics in<br /> gidi nhilu ly thuyfi't". (Ban djch). Ly luan Quan he Eas Asia: Geopolitics vs. Regional Institutions"<br /> Quic t^. Hoc vifln Qaan h§ Quoc t^, 2007, tr.7 trong David Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda<br /> (edited). International Relations in Asia.<br /> (6). Co vfi^n an ninh quSc gia dudi thdi ky Tdng<br /> Rowrman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr. 323.<br /> thong Carter.<br /> (7). Braezinki. The Grand Chessboard: (17). Dfii thogi an ninh c^p thfl trudng Vi|t-My<br /> American Primacy and its Geotrategic Imperatives, da trd thfinh cd che thfldng nien.<br /> <br /> 1997. (18). Tdng thd'ng Obama, trong bii phat bilu<br /> trfldc Quoc h§i Australia d Canberra, da nhlCn<br /> (8). N.J.Skyman. The Geography of the Peace.<br /> mgnh: "Hoa Ky Ik cudng qufic Thai Binh Dfldng vii<br /> Har-Court, 1994, tr. 34.<br /> chflng toi sS mai hi^n di^n d dfiy.<br /> (9). Richard L. Ruasell. L(ri tch quic gia cua My<br /> (19). Divine Breen Fredrichson Williams.<br /> dchduAu, Tin TKQHQT sff 11/95, tr. 52.<br /> "America - Pat and Present". Scott, Foresman<br /> (10). Timo Behr. US attitudes towards Europe -<br /> Company, 1987, tr. 45.<br /> a shift of paradigms?. Research and European<br /> (20). Thfing di§p Hfin bang cua Ting thong<br /> IsBuea No 29. November 2003. Tr.8<br /> Barack Obama. Thfing 2-2012.<br /> (11). Sau Chijfn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai, My ua (21). Ngfldi My gflc A hi^n nay chilm 6%. Theo<br /> ho trfl chfiu Au ph'ic hoi kinh t^ qua Vi ho^ch bfio di^n tfl Ddn tri. Ng6y 12-5-2011.<br /> Marshall (1949) vfi thfinh l§p LiSn minh Bic D^i (22). Ralph A. Cossa, "Security Dynamics in<br /> Tiy Difflng (1949) nhim cung erf vj trf cua My tgii Eas Asia: Geopolitics vs. Regional Institutions"<br /> l^c dja nfiy. trong David Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda<br /> (12). AFP. Clinton pledges US commitment to (edited). International Relations in Asia.<br /> Europe. Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr. 319.<br />