NHONG B I E N DONG TRONG CHiNH SACH CUA MY Otil VOU<br />
CHAU A - THAI BlNH DUVNG THAP N I C N DAU T H £ KY XXI:<br />
COSOrTH^TliNVALtLUAN<br />
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NGUYEN T H A I YfeN HlTONG'<br />
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N hiing nim diu thdp l^y ^^i hai cua<br />
thd ky XXI dang ching kidn nhflng<br />
bidn ddng ddng cfi y nghia eiia My tgi khu<br />
My ddi vdi khu vi^c. D l gdp phin cfi dflpc<br />
dfinh gid mdt cflch khich quan vd diln b i ^<br />
gin dfiy cd nhilu cfich tidp e^n v i giai<br />
vflc ehdu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng, khdng chi thfch, cflch tilp cdn dfla vio Ijch s i v i cd sd<br />
bing cfic ldi tuydn bd c i a Idnh dgo My - ly ludn l i muc dfch m i t i c gia bii vilt niy<br />
trong thdng didp lidn bang thfing 2-2012, hfldng tdi.<br />
Tdng thdng Barack Obama da nhflii mgnh Trong sudt qud trlnh ljeh s i hinh thdnh<br />
"nfldc My Ik mdt cfldng quoc Thfii Binh v i phfit triln cua nfldc My. mdt thi?c td<br />
Dudng" vd di kdm Id hdng logt ddng thdi khdng t b l p h i nhdn, da dflpc nhilu nhi<br />
tao ndn mdi quan tfim trong gidi hogch nghidn ciu My v i thd gidi chia a&, dd li<br />
dinh ehfnh sfich v i nghien cflu trdn t b l nhdn t h i e cua ban thfin cfic n h i lanh dgo<br />
gifii. Bdn canh diy. tbeo chu ky nfldc My My v i ndn tang ly lu^n tdc ddng tdi nh^Ln.<br />
hidn nay dang trong giai dogn chuIn bi cho t h i e chfnh tri c i a Chfnh phu MS ddi vdi<br />
mdt cufie biu c i mdi chua ro thing Ipi nbflng diln bidn xay ra trong hd thdng<br />
thufic vd Dang Dfin chu hay Dang Cdng chfnh trj thd gidi da quydt djnh r i t nhilu<br />
hda, Tidp theo diln bidn gin ddy nhd't cua ddn vide hp dfla ra nhiing phan iing nhu<br />
My ddi vdi khu vi^c, trong gidi nghidn ciu thd nio d ^ vdi si^ thay ddi dang diln ra<br />
My d i cd ludng nhdn djnh eho r i n g My trdn thd gidi v i cflc khu v\tc khdc nhau.<br />
dang chuyin hfldng sang kbu vi^c chfiu A - Nhdn t h i e n i y ciing t i y thudc vdo tfic ddng<br />
Thdi Binh Dfldng. Ludng y kidn t h i bai lgi c i a cfich nhdn thflc. t i c l i vide cdc nhd<br />
cho ring My vSn tidp ti^c sU ed m$t tai khu hogch djnh v i triln khai chfnh sfich x i sU<br />
vi^c, nhing h i n h ddng gin ddy chi l i dilu nhu thd n i o dfii vdi bidn thijlc khfieb quan;<br />
chinh theo hfldng tdng cfldng c b i khfing dilu niy lidn quan ddn quan nidm chfnh tri<br />
phai 8\f chuydn hfldng. Tuy nhidn. cfic y cia chfnh hp v i tiinh dp nh^n thie, t i c U<br />
kiln ddu chia se Id khu vuc vd cu t b l l i cfich t h i e cfic ehfnh khfieb niy thi hidn<br />
Vi§t Nam sd chju tdc ddng bdi nbiing dilu nhdn t h i e cua minh trong q u i trinh trien<br />
chinh ho$c tilp tyc trong ehfnh sfich c i a khai theo mdt trinh tU nhU thd nio. Vi vfiy,<br />
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TGS.TS. Hpc v i ^ Ngogi giao<br />
RhOmg blgn dQng frong ehlnh s6eh cia niy,.<br />
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dl hidu rfi dflpc b i t ky vide hogch dinh vd Chu nghia Bidt lfip (1) Id mdt tfl duy<br />
triln khai cbfnh sfich cua My trong mdt chidn Iflpc ddi ngogi cia My trong mdt thdi<br />
giai dogn cu thd ndo deu ndn dua vd 4 ydu gian ddi v i sau ndy trd thdnh mfit xu<br />
td trong chidn Iflpc ddi vfii khu vi^c eua My: budng trong chfnh sdeh dfii ngoai eia My.<br />
1) Tfl duy chfnh trj cua cdc n h i lanh dgo Chi ngbia Bidt Up l i xu bUfing mudn My<br />
My; 2) Thfl ti^ flu tiSn cua khu vi^c dd vfii ding ngoii cfic cdng vide eua qude tdvdi Up<br />
khu vi^c khfic trdn t b l gidi theo cfich tidp ludn r^ng "My ndn trfinh lidn minh Vinh<br />
cfin so sfinh trinh tt; flu tidn; 3) Mi^c tiSu viln vdi bd't ky khu vi^e ndo trdn thd gidi".<br />
cia My dfii vdi khu vflc trong giai dogn cy Chu nghia Bi^t Up dflpc ra ddi trong bdi<br />
thd v i 4) Vide thijc hidn chidn Iflpc v i phgm canh nfldc My mdi giinh dpc Idp, t h i v d lUc<br />
vi cbfnh sfich dflpc triln khai. rd't ylu so vfii cdc d l qude chfiu Au, do d6<br />
phai ddn li^c dl ciing cd ddc Up. phfit triln<br />
1. Tit duy chinh tri cua cfic n h i l i n h chi nghia tu ban My v i gfiy dflng anh<br />
dgo - ndn t&ng chinh sflch ddti ngogi My hfldng d Tfiy bfin elu. Nim 1793. trfldc kbi<br />
Vide hogch djnh v i triln khai chidn lupc rdi nhidm sd Tdng thdng G. Washington<br />
an ninh v i dfii ngogi cua My tfly thudc d tuyfin bd My "trung Up" d£fi vdi cudc chidn<br />
mic dp ldn vio quan dilm cua gidi lanh tranh Anh - Phfip "Lidn bang My cd y dinh<br />
dgo My va thien hfldng cbfnh trj trong thvic hidn m§t chfnh sdch thfin" Uli^n vd<br />
chfnh quyen My. Cho d i mi^c tidu ed ban cdng b^ng, khfing thidn vi vdi edc cfldng<br />
qude dang tham chien" (2). Sau G,<br />
trong chien Iflpc an ninh cua My khdng<br />
Washington, cfic chfnh quyin My thdi ky<br />
thay ddi, vide hoach djnh chinh adch eu tbl<br />
ndy diu rdt th^n trpng can du qude td,<br />
nh^m dat dfldc myc tidu chien Iflpc phu<br />
trfinh lidn minh, tranh gay kl t h i d l tfip<br />
thufic vdo quan dilm cua bd mdy hogch<br />
trung vdo cung c l the chd chfnh tri v i thflc<br />
dinh chfnh sfich an ninh, ddi ngogi. Ly do<br />
\\fc eua nfldc My, Anh hfldng cua Chu nghia<br />
chfnh Id vi ehfnh quyen phai dung hoi Ipi Bidt U P UU nay tfldng ddi thd'p. Trong lich<br />
fch gifla cdc phdi nhdm dl dl ra chfnh sfich s i . su t h i t bgi cua My tgi Vi^t Nam v i sau<br />
CO ldi nhfi't cho ldi ich qude gia. cho giai cdp ndy Id tbfi't bai cua chfnh quyin tdng thdng<br />
thing tri My trong tiftig giai dogn lich s i Bush tgi Trung Dfing da thie diy Chu<br />
dhdt dinh. Nhin tdng t h i co thd thdy tfl nghia Bidt Ifip trong chfnh sdch doi ngogi<br />
duy cua cfic nhd hogch dinh cbinh afich cia My. Cfi the ndi chfnh quyin Obama hidn<br />
My chiu anh hfldng eua cdc trfldng phfii ly nay se khdng v^n dung hpc thuyet ndy.<br />
ludn cd ban l i Chu nghia Bi^t Up, Chu<br />
nghia Hidn thi^c, Chu nghia Tfl do, Chu Cdn theo cdch tidp cdn cia Chi nghia<br />
nghia tfin Hidn thi^c... Mdt m§t, chidn iflpc Hidn thvtc, hd thdng cbfnh trj qude tl" chiu<br />
chfnh tri c i a My l i mdt svt kdt hpp cua bin tfic dfing eua ba vfi'n dl c h i dgo: 1) Cfic<br />
loai quan nidm chfnh tri ndy. Didu niy lim qude gia theo dudi Ipi fch, chi khfing phai<br />
cho chfnh adch vd h i n h vi cua My t b l hidn hfia binh; ndu chidn tranh xfim Iflpc v i cfic<br />
ro cdc mdt khfic nhau. Mfit khdc, anh bidn pbdp khdc phuc vi^ ldi fch cua hp thi<br />
hfldng tUdng ddi c i a bdn trfldng phdi ly tim kidm hda binh chi cdn Id ao tfldng; 2)<br />
luan CO ban ndy khdc nhau trong thdi ky Sic mgnh chfnh tri v i qudn sy l i nhiing<br />
nhdt dinh. Dfiy chinh U dilm cdt ldi lim ydu td chu dgo cua quyin lflc; 3) Trong khi<br />
cbo cbfnh sdch eua My cfi tfnh quy luSit vd cdc wda dl khfic nhfl thfldng mai vd nhan<br />
tfnh I n dinh nhdt djnh. quyin quan trong hdn trfldc Ida. chien<br />
Rghien ciii Ljeh sit, atf ».2Qt2<br />
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tranh vd xfim Iflpc v&n n^m d trung tfim dfln c b i vd kh& nfing t h i e diy cdc qude gia<br />
chfldng trinh nghj si^ qude t l (3). An ninh khdc phfit triln thfldng mgi ty do. Quan<br />
qude gia dflpc hilu chi ydu Id an ninh qufln nidm vd sic mgnh qufic gia c i a C h i nghia<br />
a}f v i sic mgnh qude gia dflpc ddnh gifi ehi Ty do vi vdy cing cd anh hfldng ddn ede<br />
ydu trdn cd sd s i c mgnh qufin si^. Thuylt bidn pbdp chfnh sfich ddi ngoai. Khdc v6i<br />
Hidn thi^c mdi (4) di;la trdn nhing nguyin C h i nghia Hidn thyc, C h i nghia Ty do<br />
ly cd ban cia thuydt Hidn thi^c cd didn, tuy khdng nhln mgnh vide s i dyng cfic biln<br />
nhiln nhln mgnh vio tfnh cd'u t r i e trong phfip cfldng ehd, s i dyng aflc mgnh qufin sy<br />
quan hd qude t l coi cfic cfldng qude cd vai 1dm edng cy trong quan hd qude td. Nbflng<br />
trd trung tfim v i ddng thdi nhfl!n mgnh din ngudi ty do thifin vl nhiing bidn phfip<br />
ba bd thdng ciu t r i e trong quan hd qude td, "mdm", ding s i c mgnh kinh td, anh hfldng<br />
gdm: ddn cijlc, hai ci^e v i da cijlc. Bdn cgnh cbfnh trj v i cfic gifi trj dfln chu dl tfic ddng<br />
dd'y, cfic nhd Tfin hidn thyc cung nhfi'n nh&m dgt dupe kdt qua roong mudn. Chu<br />
mgnh tdi uy tfn, anh hfldng vd vj t b l cua ngbia ty do cfi lie sd ndng ldn thdnh lye<br />
qude gia l i ylu td' khdng t b l thilu b l sung Iflpng chu dgo, nhflng dS bj suy ydu, khfi<br />
cho sflc mgnh qufln svt. Chu nghia Hidn klo dii, Trong thdi ky Tdng thdng Barack<br />
tbvlc v i nhflng quan didm c h i dgo cia nd l i Obama vd dfii vdi chfiu A Thdi Binh<br />
trfldng phdi ly ludn cd anh budng ldn trong DUPng C h i nghia Ty do s5 c6 djp phfit huy,<br />
sudt thdi ky Chiln tranh Ignh. Xem xlt d My. nbflng trUdng phfii tfl duy ddi<br />
trong mdt thdi p a n ddi. nd l i dong chay ngogi niy lufin tdn tgi song song, anh<br />
ehfnh c i a chfnh adch ddi ngoai My. Dilu hfldng lie mgnh hdn hay ylu di. t i y thufic<br />
niy lim cho chidn lUdc dd'i vdi ehdu A • vdo tinh binh tCtng l i e v i mdt phin vio<br />
Thfii Binh Dudng gii ving tfnh dn djnh quan didm dang phfii cua mSi tdng thdng<br />
n h i t djnh, My. M$c d i c6 sy khfic bidt giia cde nhdm.<br />
nhflng sy khfic nhau niy chi U tfldng dfii.<br />
Chi nghia TU do coi trong vai trd ciia<br />
cfi khi nbflng ngfldi thudc phfii ndy Ui cfi<br />
kinh td v i tfl do cd nhfln. Chfnh vl v$y, sic<br />
ngudn gdc tfl phfii kia v i trong qufi trinh<br />
mgnh qufic gia dupc nhln nhfin trfldc bdt v i<br />
phfit triln cd bd sung v i dilu chinh nhit<br />
chu ydu t i sfl phdn thjnh kinh td c i a mdt<br />
djnh. Didu ndy 1dm eho ehfnh sdch eiia My<br />
qufic gia v i svt truyin bfi cfic gifi trj dfln<br />
cd tfnh quy ludt v i tfnh dn djnh nhdt dinh.<br />
cbi. nh&n quyin kilu My nhfl tvt do cfl<br />
Theo y kidn cua nhilu n h i phfin tfch v i hpc<br />
nhfin (5). Si? truyin bfi cua cdc quyin ty do<br />
gia, quan didm chu dgo ve s i c mgnh qufic<br />
dfin ehi theo Chu nghia Ty do l i mdt bd<br />
gia cua cfic chfnh quyin My thdi ky sau<br />
phfin elu thinh quan trpng cua sic mgnh<br />
Chiln tranh Ignh v i thdp >^ilii i^u thd ky<br />
qude gia. Khfic vdi cdc n h i hidn thyc,<br />
XXI, l i sy pha trdn, kdt hpp gifla Chi<br />
nhing ngfldi theo Chu ngbia Ty do cho<br />
ngbia Hi$n thyc v i Chu nghia Ty do, Nhbi<br />
ring cfic thidt c h l qude td cfi tlm quan<br />
chung. cfic tdng thdng Dang Cdng hda thidn<br />
trpng d^c bidt v i hd qua tfi't ylu cua sy<br />
vl tfl duy bidn thyc chfnh trj trong khi<br />
phfit triln mgnh md c i a trlnh dd khoa hpc<br />
Dang Dfln chu tbiSn hdn vl C h i nghia Ty<br />
edng nghd v i phfln cdng lao ddng qufic td l i<br />
do, song khfing cd chfnh quyin nio thuin<br />
sy cin thidt phai hdi nhdp qude td, Mdt<br />
t i y theo c h i nghTa hidn thyc hay ty do.<br />
dilm dflng c h i y khdc Id vide Chu nghia Ty<br />
Chfnh vl vdy. ni$c d i chu nghia tan hidn<br />
do cho rling s i e manh qufic gia cdn dflpc<br />
thyc dang c6 chilu hfldng quay trd lai trong<br />
t h i hidn d kha nfing phd bidn cflc gid trj<br />
tthCmg bi4&i dpng frong chinh 56eh cio my,.<br />
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chinh sach cua My vdi chdu A - Thdi Binh cia nfldc Nga. Cfi y kidn cho ring, Trung A<br />
Dfldng do sfl xult bidn cua "nhdn td Trung Id ving d i t "trfii tim" cua bai chfiu luc Au,<br />
Qud'c", chinh sfich dd se dfla trfin sfl kdt hpp A. Vi vfiy, vi^c gfin hai chfiu lye Au, A vdi<br />
khdo ldo gifla qufin sy vd s i c mgnh ngogi nhau trong cfic phfin tfch dia chiln lUpc<br />
giao v i cbi ding qudn sfl nhfl lidu phdp p h i hpp vdi thyc tiin quan hd quIc t l t i<br />
eudi cflng. Dfi Id sfl k i t hpp gifla ede nguydn kbi xay ra Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai<br />
tic vd chu nghia thflc di^ng chfl khdng phai ddn nay, ddc bidt Id trong bfii canb todn elu<br />
tbeo y thflc hp cflng nhfic, bod tfl cuoi thdky XX.<br />
Chdu Au gin bd vdi My khfing chi vi Ipi<br />
2. Thijf t y liu tidn cua khu vijfc chfiu<br />
fch an ninh, m i cdn vi nhflng gin bfi vdn<br />
A - Thai Binh Dticftig t r o n g chidn lifOc<br />
bda lfiu ddi, lidn b^ ching tdc truyin thdng.<br />
toan cau cua My<br />
Lich s i nhdp cfl eia nfldc My Id bSng<br />
Chinh sfich e i a My dfii vdi chfiu A - Thfii chflng gin gdc r l eua My chfnh Id t i chau<br />
Binh Dfldng nim trong td'ng t b l chidn Iflpc Au. Sfl cfi mdt cua My tgi khu vflc da dflpc<br />
todn ciu cia My k l t i trong thdi ky nfldc xfic U P tfl aau Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai<br />
My tham gia vdo bd thdng chinh tri thd nhim tgo dilng vj trf cia My tgi khu vyc,<br />
gidi. Cho ddn nay, chie'n lupc todn ciu cia ddng thdi nbu Henry Kissinger da tflng<br />
My triln kbai quanh luc dja Au - A, trong nhdn xdt "My vd chdu Au cfi mpt ldi ich<br />
tiing giai dogn nhd't djnh sfl flu tidn se "dao chimg trong vide ngdn can cac chinh sdch<br />
ddng" gifla hai khu vyc cd tlm quan trpng dfin tdc khfing kiem che eua Dflc vd Nga<br />
dja ehfnh trj ndy. Cdc nhd dja chiln lUdc tranh gidnh nhau trung tdm luc dja chdu<br />
My d cac thdi ky khac nhau tfl Alfred Au" (9). Chfnh vi vdy, trong sudt thdi gian<br />
Thayer Mahan den Brzezinski deu dua ra Chidn tranh lanh, chau Au trd thdnh ndi<br />
nhflng quan dilm khac nhau vl sy hogch dupc My chu trpng mpi ngudn lflc trong<br />
dinh chfnh aaeh khu vflc va trinh tfl trpng trien khai chinh sach ddi ngogi nhim ngdn<br />
didm ehiln Ifldc doi vdi chfiu Au vd chau A. chfin anh hfldng cua Lidn Xd vd hd thdng<br />
Khai nidm "luc dia Au - A" dflpc Brzezinski xa bpi chi ngbia phoi hpp vfii vide kilm<br />
(6), dua ra trong culn "Bdn cd ldn: Uu tidn soat cdc nfldc ehdu Au cu (10). Cdc tong<br />
vd ldi fch dja chinh tri cua My" (7), Tuy thdng cua thdi ky h^u Chidn tranh lanh<br />
nhidn, tdc gia diu tidn cua y tfldng gbdp nhfl Bush (cha), CUnton vd Bush (con) da<br />
hai chdu luc niy vdi nhau ed Id Id Mac the hidn sy dilu chinh chinh sfich cia My<br />
Kinder vd Nicholas Spykman. Theo ddi vfii chfiu A - Thfii Bbih Dfldng. Tuy<br />
Spykman: T h a i lya chpn mdt chfnh sfich nhidn, trong giai dogn ndy, dfii vdi nfldc<br />
doi ngogi khiin cbo trdn luc dia Au • A My, khu vyc Trung Dfing ciing Id mot khu<br />
khfing nay sinh mfit quydn lye chi phfii cd vyc "ndng" thu hut nhieu sflc lflc. O chfiu<br />
tinh fip dao d chau Au va Viln Ddng, cfi Au, sy ra ddi vd cung ed Lidn minh chfiu<br />
nhfl vgy, nin an ninh vd ddc Idp cia quoc Au, vige cfic moi quan hp gifla cfic nUfic ldn<br />
gia ndy (nfldc My) mdi dfldc dam bao chic va edc qude gia tgi chdu Au khfing cdn cfing<br />
chdn" (8). Ve dja ly tfl nhidn, hai chau luc thfing vd phflc tgp v i ddng thdi Id mpt nfldc<br />
Au, A gidp Uen vdi nhau va ed nUdc Nga, Nga tuy cd tilm lflc ldn nhflng hifin dang<br />
mfit cfldng qude cd lanh thd trai dii trdn ca gfip kbd khdn, chfla thd Id ddi thu ngang<br />
hai lye dia ndy, thdm chi ving lanh thd hdng vdi My trong mdt vdi thdp ky tdi, ndn<br />
nim trdn chau A chilm tdi 2/3 di$n tfch cd thi tam thdi My khfing phai quan tdm<br />
Bghien ein Ljeh s i . atf 4.2012<br />
<br />
tdi kbu vyc ndy trong todn bd "tfnh todn lye dja" chflu Au, Chflu A tilm I n nhilu<br />
chidn lupc dfii vdi lye dja A-Au" cua My. thfleh t h i e an ninh v i chfla cd mdt cd chd<br />
DIu nfim 2011, My dfi tuyfin bd cit gi&m hpp tfic an ninh toin khu vyc. Lin ddu tidn<br />
ngfin sfich qude phfing cho chfiu Au v i ding trong Ijch s i , h l u nhfl todn bd nhing thfich<br />
thdi giSm bdt sd qufin ddi My tgi chfiu Au. thflc chu ydu ddi vdi hoi blnh v i dn djnh<br />
Qufin ddi My sd r i t hai IQ doin bd binh v i qude td Ii d chfiu A. Nhilu di san cua Chidn<br />
hai phi ddi khdng qufln, cflng vdi khoang tranh Ignh vin chfla dflpc giai quydt, l^nh<br />
2.500 Ifnh bd trp, khdi chfiu Au tfl ndm hinb trdn bfin dao Trilu Tidn, xung ddt d eo<br />
nay. Hai l i doin b^ binh hgng n$ng v i mdt biln Ddi Loan, chgy dua hgt nhfin d Nam A<br />
phi ddi khfing qufin, gdm nhing chile phi vd hdn bdt l i sy trdi ddy cua Trung Qude li<br />
cd chidn diu A-10 dflpc mdnh danh Id nhing thfich thflc an ninh ngin cung nhu<br />
"hung thin cia xe tfing", hidn dfing tgi dii bgn dCTi vdi My.<br />
Die. Phi ddi khfing qufin cfin lgi dang ddn Trong thdi gian d m quydn cua Tdng<br />
t r i tgi Aviano, Italy. Kd hogch r i t qufin<br />
thdng Barack Obama. c6 nhiing chuyin<br />
niy sg giam tdng ad binh sT My d chfiu Au<br />
bidn mgnh md trong chfnh sfich ciia My ddi<br />
t i gin 81,000 Ifnh nhu hidn nay xudng cfin<br />
vfii khu vyc chflu A - Thfii Binh DUdng,<br />
khoang 70.000 Ifnh. Trong nhidm ky Tdng<br />
nhflng cd t b l khing djnh r i n g "cam kdt ed<br />
thdng Obama, mfii quan hd gifla chfiu Au<br />
tfnh lich sii" c i a My ddi vdi chflu Au sd vin<br />
vdi nudc My chu ydu dya trdn bdi canh<br />
Id tidp tyc. Gin dfiy nbtft, diu thfing 2-<br />
khung hoang kinh ttf v i ddi bfin cflng<br />
chung nS lye dd giai quylt, Dilu niy da tgo 2012. Ngogi trfldng My H, Clinton da tuydn<br />
ndn quan tfim trong cfic bgn bd ddng minh bd "chfiu Au tidp tuc l i doi tflc hing diu<br />
Uu ddi cia My. cua My" (partner at first resort) (12). Tdng<br />
thdng Obama t h i a nh^n gifla My v i ehfiu<br />
VI Ijch s i nude My cd nhflng mdi lidn hd Au cd nhing bd't ddng vd chle chin sd cdn<br />
lfiu ddi vdi chfiu A vl thuong mgi v i truyin bd't ddng trong tfldng lai, nhflng "nfldc My<br />
giao tfl thd ky XVIII. Mflc d i v$y, khdng<br />
khdng cd d^i tfic ndo tdt hdn l i chfiu Au",<br />
lfiu sau kbi nfldc My ra ddi. khu vyc chfiu A<br />
Ly do chfnh l i vi t h i nhfi't, My cho ring<br />
• Thdi Bhib Dfldng. nlu xlt vl ljeh s i phdt<br />
chfiu Au nhfl thd l i tgm dn dfii vdi My v i<br />
triln, ngay sau Chiln tranh thd gidi t h i<br />
t h i hai, do cfin cdn quyin lye chfnh trj vi<br />
Hai khfing dupe coi l i khu vyc trpng dilm<br />
kmh td trSn thd gidi dang chuyin din sang<br />
chidn lupc nhfl chfiu Au (11). Tuy nhiSn,<br />
chfiu A ndn vdi chfnh sfich thyc dyng ciia<br />
kbi cfich mgng Trung Qude thdnh cfing v i<br />
nudc Cdng bda nhfin dfln Trung Hoa ra ddi minh, My coi trpng chfiu A - Thfii Binh<br />
(1949) v i phong trio giai phdng dfin tdc Dfldng hdn vl nd lidn quan afit sUdn din ldi<br />
phfit tridn d khu vyc niy nhfi't t i d Vidt fch an ninh v i kinh t d c i a My.<br />
Nam. khu vyc ndy bit diu "nim trong tfnh Cd thd thfi'y mdt thyc td rd ring ring,<br />
todn chidn lUpc cia My". My vfi cing lo chidn lupc an ninh ddi ngogi ddi vdi t b l gidi<br />
ngai trflde anh hfldng ngdy cing lan rdng CUB nfldc My dflpc dya trdn vi^c thi hdnh<br />
eua chu nghia cdng san d chfiu A. "nnh chfnh sfich dao ddng qua lai gifla hai khu<br />
hinh ndy da d&n ddn nhflng thay ddi cd ban vyc quan trpng l i chfiu Au vd chfiu A tiy<br />
trong tfnh tofin chidn lupc c i a My d khu thudc vio Ipi fch v i tfnh tofin chiln Iflpc<br />
vyc. D$c bidt. trong giai dogn hidn nay, bfii c i a My tgi tCftig thdi dilm nhfift djnh. Nhin<br />
canh tgi chfiu A hoin toin khdc vii "cflu tdng thi, chidn Iflpc chfiu A - Thfii Binh<br />
Rhil-ng blgn dpng trong chinh s&ch eia my..<br />
<br />
Dfldng ludn Id mdt bd phfin quan trpng Ngay sau khi Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai<br />
trong chidn Iflpc todn elu cua My. Nd phyc kdt thie cho din cufii thdp niSn 60 cia thd<br />
vu nhflng Ipi fch an ninh chu ydu cua My d ky XX, My hogch djnh chfnh sach an ninh<br />
khu vyc ed t l m quan trpng ngiy cing tfing ddi vdi kbu vyc chfiu A - Thdi Blnh Dfldng<br />
ddi vdi My trong thdi ky sau Chidn tranh theo hudng via tranh t h i ddng minh dl<br />
lanh, thidt U P By hidn didn qudn afl vfla triln<br />
3. Chinh sfich cua My dfiTl vdi chflu A khai cfic bidn phfip ngfin chdn sy phfit triln<br />
- Thdi Binh Diftfng: lich suf v i h i | n tgi cua chu nghia cdng san, tbl bidn ro nhit<br />
qua chfnh sfich ciia My ddi vdi cfic nfldc<br />
Lich s i quan hd qude td dd cho thd'y<br />
Trung Qude, Nhdt Ban vi kbu vyc Ddng<br />
ring trong thdi ky Chiln tranh Ignh, tgi<br />
Nam A. My din tlm cfich thay thd cdc nude<br />
ehdu A • Thfii Bhih Dfldng, chfnh sfich ddi<br />
d l qude ehfiu Au d khu vyc. thilt lfip quan<br />
ngoai cia My ddi vdi khu vyc thyc chit Id<br />
hd ddng minh tay ddi vdi mfit logt nfldc<br />
sy "klo ddi" trdt ty chdu Au. Sy "kdo ddi"<br />
(Nh^t. Philippines. Thdi Lan, Nam Trilu<br />
ndy mfit mfit phan finh tfl duy bfi quyin t h i<br />
Tidn,..), U P cfic khdi quan afl d khu vyc<br />
gidi cia My, m$t khdc phan finh tfldng<br />
(ANZUS nira 1951. SEATO ndm 1954,..),<br />
quan lye Iflpng gifla hai phe "Ddng v i Tfiy"<br />
sdn sing can thidp bing qufin sy dl ngdn<br />
do Lien Xfi v i My lanh dgo. NhU trdn da<br />
ch$n anh hfldng cua Lidn Xfi vd cdc nUdc xa<br />
phan tfch, khi tUdng quan lye lupng cd Ipi<br />
hdi, ay phdt triln eia phong trio giai<br />
eho phong trdo cfich mgng vd giai phdng<br />
phdng dfin tfic. tidu bidu trong thdi ky ndy<br />
dfin tfic chdu A, My quan tfim den chfiu A -<br />
Id hai cudc chidn tranh Trilu Tidn vd Vidt<br />
Thdi Binh Dfldng nhim phdt triln anh<br />
Nam.<br />
hudng d khu vflc niy, ngdn chdn l i n sdng<br />
"edng san" va phong trio giai phdng ddn Thit bgi d Vidt Nam da 1dm dao lfin<br />
tdc, tgo ndn afl ra ddi c i a Hpc thuyet chidn Iflpc tofin elu cua My, bupc My phai<br />
Domino do D. Eiaenhower de xfldng. Chau thay ddi lgi nhdn thie gifla kha nfing v i<br />
A - Thfii Binh Dfldng da trd thinh ndi dl tham vpng, tidn hinh nhiing dieu chinh ldn<br />
My giai quydt nhflng mdu thuin vdi phe xa ve chiin Iflpc thfing qua "Hpc thuydt<br />
bfii chi nghia, chu ydu nhim bao vd v i duy Nbcon", dd Id giam cam kdt d khu vyc, tdp<br />
tri sfl lanh dao cua My tgi Tfiy Au tfl ban trung Cling cd lgi sic mgnh qude gia vd cdc<br />
chi nghia. Vi vdy. tuy khdng quan trpng trpng didm chiln Iflpc thidt ydu cia My.<br />
bing chdu Au trong chien Iflpc todn ciu eia "Sau Vidt Nam", My chuyen chfnh sach dfii<br />
My, chfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng ciing l i mdt ngogi theo hUdng: t h i a n h | n thyc t l My<br />
dia bdn quan trpng di My xfic lfip quyin khfing thd ty y '1dm dflpc td't ca". "cam kdt<br />
lye v i anh hfldng. Dd Id myc tiSu ed tfnh cfi chpn Ipc" nhiing ndi thupc ldi fch cua My<br />
chit xuydn sudt eua My d& vdi khu vyc (13); diy mgnh chdi "con bdi cdc nfldc ldn",<br />
trong thdi ky Chidn tranh Ignh, ddng nghia vdi vide phai chia se quyin lye<br />
trong cac wStn dl qufic td.<br />
Am anh bdi sy ldn mgnh ciia Lidn Xd v i<br />
cfic nfldc Dfing Au, My cho ring nlu khfing Chidn tranh lanh kdt thie, tinh blnh t h i<br />
sdm ed mdt dfii sfich, muc tidu hpp ly dfii vdi gidi v i khu vyc thay ddi cfin ban. Vdi vide<br />
chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng. chu nghia cdng Lidn Xd v i hd thdng Xa hdi chu nghia Ddng<br />
aan se trd thdnh mfit nguy cd khfing chi d Au syp dd. My trd thdnh sidu cUdng duy<br />
khu vyc md thdm chi trdn toin thd giii. nhd't nhflng ft nhilu da bj suy ylu v i g§p<br />
52 Rghien ciu Ueh s i . ad 4.2012<br />
<br />
nbidu khfi khdn, thdch thflc phflc tgp. Lin tfing mdi lo nggi vl phd bidn vu khf l i hai<br />
diu tidn sau nhilu thfip ky can dy. My thfich thflc an ninh lidn quan tryc tidp ddn<br />
thyc sy trd thdnh cudng qude thdng trj todn an ninh ndi dja e i a My, do vfiy vide duy tri<br />
khu vyc chfiu A (14) vd tidp tyc cd nhflng vd md rdng didn hpp tfic trong khufin khd<br />
Ipi fch quan trpng vl kinh td, chfnh trj v i ede lidn minh qufin ay aong phfldng cua My<br />
v i an ninh trong khu vyc. Ngon ed "kilm cdng trd nfin cin thidt. Nhln chung, cfic<br />
chl cdng san" khfing cdn gid trj tdp hpp lye chfnh quydn My thdi ky sau Chiln tranh<br />
Iflpng, My budc tim kilm ehiln Iflpc kbdc Ignh diu coi cfic ddng minb qudn sy cia My<br />
dl thfch i n g tinh blnh mdi, trong khi vin Id mdt trong nhing try cdt trong cbfnh •<br />
tilp tyc theo dudi tham vpng bd cbi thd sfich cia My ddi vii khu vyc (15),<br />
gidi, Chidn lupc dfii ngogi "can dy" dUpc My Chfnh quyin Bush (con) nhfln manh vai<br />
lya chpn. trd cua edc lidn minh qufln afl dUdi sy lanh<br />
Chiln Iflpc "can dy" dupc tbl hidn kbd ro dgo cua My U try cdt ehfnh trj - an ninh<br />
ndt thfing qua chfnh sdch dfii ngogi cia My trong kiln t r i e khu vyc bdn cgnh try cdt<br />
ddi vfii chfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng. Sau kinh t l • thUdng mgi (16). Quan hd ddng<br />
Chidn tranh Ignh, My g$p hai thfich tbic minb My - Nh^t (dupc ndng d p dfldi chfnh<br />
ldn d khu vflc: thfl nhit, nguy eO "Up quydn CUnton nhflng ndm 1996-1997) tidp<br />
khoang trdng" do cac cfldng qude kbu vflc tyc dflpc cung ed hPn nfla, d^e bidt trong<br />
Ipi dung My, Nga giam anh budng kbu vyc; cudc chiln chdng khung bd do My lanh dgo.<br />
thi hai, xu the "khu vyc hod" cua cfic nfldc Chfnh p h i Australia dfldi thdi Thu tfldng<br />
trong khu vyc chfiu A cd tbl diy My ra John Howard iing hp mgnh md cfic ehfnh<br />
ngodi. Muc tieu cua My lie niy la cung cd sfich an ninh vfi bdnb ddng cia My. Dfii vfii<br />
anh budng, vai trd lanh dao vd tham gia cfic ddng minh ngoii NATO nhU Thfii Lan<br />
cdc vd'n di khu vyc; ngdn chdn vide mpt vd Philippines, My ting cfldng quan hd<br />
nfldc hay nhdm nfldc ndi ldn khdng cbe, ddng minh thfing qua cfic chfldng trinh<br />
thdch thflc vai tro My d khu vflc. De thyc huln luydn chdng khung bd', cung d p ho<br />
hidn myc tieu ndy, My ehi trUdng "can dy" trp vd trang thidt bj qufin sy. tdng cfldng<br />
cac vin dl cua khu vyc (tfl tham gia AEF, tham vlh vd an ninh vd trao ddi ngoai giao<br />
chu dpng nim APEC, dfnh Ifu giai phfip cd'p cao vl cfic vin dd an ninh cing quan<br />
bfin dao Trilu Tidn, vfi'n dl Ddng Timor...). tfim, Quan hd d ^ tfic chiln Iflpc My - An Dd<br />
Vide cd cdu lgi quan hd cdc nfldc lfin, nhfi't dupc ting cfldng mgnh mg. Nfira 2005, My<br />
li cfip My - Trung, d khu vyc t i gifla thdp vd An Dd da ky Hidp ^\dh Khung mdi vd<br />
ky 90 cua thd ky XX, cdng khing djnh Hpp tdc qude phdng vd quan trpng nfla Id<br />
chilu hfldng "can dfl" trong cbfnh sdch ddi hai bdn da ky Hidp iinb Hgt nhfin dfin sy.<br />
ngogi cua My d khu vyc. Trong cfic bidn Ngodi ra My ciing quan tfim ddn vi^c thie<br />
phfip thyc hidn (kinh tl; qudn sy; dfin chi, ddy hpp tfic an ninh vdi mpt sd nUdc quan<br />
nhfin quyin) ddng c h i y lfi vipc My duy tri trpng khfic trong khu vyc nhfl Indonesia vd<br />
100.000 qufin d khu vyc (ngang vdi ehfiu Vidt Nam (17), Ddi thogi an ninh Vilt - My<br />
Au) nhu mfit cdng cu hflu hidu vl sy bidn da trd thdnh cd chd thfldng nidn gifla hai<br />
di^n khfing thd thidu cua My d chfiu A - nfldc, Trao ddi gifla lanh dao qufln dfii hai<br />
Thdi Binh Dfldng. Cy t b l trong linh vyc an nfldc trd nSn thfldng xuySn hdn. vdi trpng<br />
ninh, sy toin elu hda cfic thdch thflc an tfim tim hidu cd hdi hdp tfic trong vide ddi<br />
ninh dfic biSt l i c b i nghia khung bd v i gia phd vdi cdc vtfn dl an ninh phi truydn<br />
Rhfimg bidn dQng trong chinh afieh ein my..<br />
<br />
thdng. Nhflng cbfnh sdch dflpc triln khai bd 2010 cia Ngogi trfldng Clinton v i Thfing<br />
trong gin bdn ndm d m quyin cia chfnh didp Lidn bang cua Tdng thing Obama<br />
quydn Tdng thdng Barack Obama eho thiy thfing 2-2012 diu nhd'n manh cam kit cia<br />
cd cdch tilp cdn hod giai vd ngoai giao, ldng My vdi cfic ddng minh aong phUdng, tdng<br />
nghe hdn l i fip d$t, s i dyng ngogi giao bdn cudng sy cfi mdt qufin sy tgi cdc nfldc ddng<br />
Id quan sy, da pbUdng hOn l i ddn phfldng, minh truyin thing.<br />
hpc bdi hdn l i dgy bao. Cbfnh sfich ehfiu A - Nhfl v^y cfi tbl thfi'y ring, vi tri chfnh<br />
Thfii Binh Dfldng cia My hi^n nay thi bidn sfich chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dudng thd hidn xu<br />
tinh lidn tyc vdi ehfnh sdch cia chfnh thd lidn tyc tdng lfin trong cfic chidn Ifldc an<br />
quydn trfldc, dd l i flu tidn quan hd vfii ddng ninh qude gia cia My trong thdi ky sau<br />
minh v i can dy vdi Trung Qude. My da cd Chidn tranh lanh. M$e dii My khfing ngflng<br />
nhflng biiu bidn coi trpng hdn ddi vdi khu chuydn djch v i tdp trung afle manh vfio<br />
vflc thd bidn qua chuyin thfim cua Ngogi khu vyc, dfl xu thd chuyin dich niy bj nglt<br />
trudng My Clinton tdi Nb§t Ban, Trung qudng do cudc chidn chdng khung bd,<br />
Quoc, Hdn QuIc vd Indonesia ngay trong nhflng xdt vl lfiu ddi, chfiu A - Thfii Binh<br />
nam diu tidn cia chfnh quyin Obama, Dfldng ed xu thd trd thdnh vj tri quan trpng<br />
Myc tidu cua chuydn cdng du ndy Id trfi'n trong tfnh tofin chien Iflpc tofin elu cia My.<br />
an cfic ddng minb v i doi tfic trong khu vyc Trong thdi gian trfldc, trdn thyc te My chfla<br />
ring My se tiep tyc cam kdt vfii khu vflc vd de ra mfit chien Ifldc ehdu A toin didn.<br />
cac ddng minh vd mudn cfi mfit m^i quan hd Hogch djnh vd triln khai chfnh sdch eia<br />
hpp tac vdi Trung Qude. My da ky Hidp fldc My ddi vdi khu vyc cbi tdp trung cbi ydu<br />
Thdn thidn vd Hpp tac d Dfing Nam A vao khu vyc Dong Bfie A - Nhfit Ban, Trung<br />
CTAC), cam ket tiep tuc can dy d khu vyc Qude, H i n Qude, Trilu Tidn v i gin dfiy l i<br />
vd ciing co quan hd vdi dong minh ciing An Dp, Cd the thiy ring, d i My cd tilm<br />
dupc tbl hien qua ede phfit bidu vd cac ndng aic mgnh trong khu vyc, ehfnh sdch<br />
chuyen cfing du eiia Tdng thdng My Barack eua My vin khfing tgo dflpc kdt nfii cdc ndi<br />
Obama via qua (18). Cd the ndi ring, chfla dung cdt yeu thfinh mot ehiln Iflpc hdp ly<br />
bao gid cdc quan chflc cd'p cao eua My lgi vd dn khdp. Sang den giai doan diu t h i k y<br />
nbaii manh ddn vai trd cua khu vyc chfiu A XXI, dfic bidt Id trong bdn nfim elm quyin<br />
- Thfii Binh Dfldng nhfl thdi gian gin day. eua Tfi'ng thdng Obama, My nh^n thflc<br />
Tgi hlu h i t cdc cudc hpp quoc td ciing nhu dflde ring My khfing thi r i t lui hay ddnh<br />
trong nfldc, e h i de vl ehdu A - Thai Binh gifi qufi thd'p nhflng ldi fch cdn ban cua<br />
Dfldng dflpc cac quan chflc My lidn tyc dl minb trong khu vyc bdt sflc quan trpng<br />
cfip vd vdi t i n s u i t ngdy cing cao hdn. Cfic nfiy, Gid Id lie My ein t^p trung vao vide<br />
bidn phfip My triln khai da tfip trung vdo thyc bidn nhidm vu dfi.<br />
ngoai giao song phfldng, da phfldng vfi<br />
tham gia tich cyc vdo cfic thidt chl khu vyc. 4. Cd sd tgo nSn aif dieu chinh hofic<br />
Dilu ndy da t b l hidn ro trong trien kbai t i n g cydng chinh sfich ddii ngoai c i a<br />
chinb sdch cia My dfii vdi edc nfldc d khu My ddi vdi k h u viYc<br />
vyc. My thd hidn qua hdng loat tuydn bd Tfnh quy lufit l i mdt dfic trflng trong<br />
chfnh sfich cua cfic nhd lanh dao cdp cao hogch djnh chfnh sdch ddi ngoai eua My<br />
trong thdi gian g i n ddy: tuydn bd 2009 eua ndi chung v i ddi vdi khu vyc chdu A - Thdi<br />
Bfi trfldng Qud'c phdng Robert Gates, tuydn Binh Dfldng ndi ridng, Xem xdt cbfnh sdch<br />
Kghien eihi Lleh s i . stf 4.2012<br />
<br />
ddi ngogi cia My d i l i chfnh afich chung eye hofi. t i dfi thilt Up mdt tr^t ty thd gifii<br />
hay ddi vfii t i n g khu vyc cy t b l ddu tbl do My linb dgo, ngfin eh§n khfing dd cho<br />
bidn mdi quan bd vfi tfic ddng lin nhau ba't ky mdt nfldc nio lgi cd thd trd thinh ddi<br />
giia cfic ydu t l quy djnh nin chfnh sdch ddi thu ed k h i nflng de dog vj tri, vai trd v i<br />
ngogi (Ipi fch qude gia; t b l v i lye cua My ndn an ninh cua My. Sy dilu chinh mdt<br />
trong eye didn chung cua thd gidi; sy v | n ehiln Iflpc hay chfnh sfich ddi ngogi trong<br />
ddng cia mfii trUdng qude td ho§c kbu vyc cfic giai dogn cy t b l cfin tuy thudc quan<br />
ddc t h i ; truyin thdng vfin hofi, xfi hdi; dilm cia ding v i cfi nhfin Tdng thdng My,<br />
chfnh trj ndi bd; dfldng ldi vfi tfl tfldng eua dflpc thd bidn rfi trong Ijch s i cbfnh afich<br />
giai cfi'p, dang phdi v i cfi nhfin tdng ddi ngogi e i a My. VI vdy, cbfnh afich ddi vdi<br />
thdng...). Sy dilu chinh chfnh sfich ddi chflu A - Thdi Blnh Dfldng Id bd phdn vi<br />
ngogi cia My t i sau Chiln tranh thd gidi khfing thd vflpt qufi khufin khd chfnh sfich<br />
t h i t h i Hai ddn nay U hd qui tlTt ylu cua ddi ngogi chung cua My. Tuy nhidn do didu<br />
sy thay ddi vfi tdc ddng lin nhau gifla cfic kidn cd tfnh d$c trflng eua khu vyc, ehfnh<br />
ydu td v i a ndu, sfich cua My ddi vdi khu vyc cd miu ale<br />
Tfnh k l t h i a v i dilu chinb chfnh sdch ridng.<br />
ddi ngogi ndi chung v i khu vyc nfii ridng Thi nhdt. My cd quan hd budn bfin vdi<br />
cua cdc chiih quydn My dupc t h i hidn khu vyc Dfing A t i trong ljeh s i ngay thdi<br />
thfing qua cdc nhfin td b^t bidn vd kha ky diu U P qude, t i nfim 1784. tdu Empress<br />
biln. Trong cdc nhfin trf bdt biln hdng diu of China c i a New York dd thyc bi$n nhiing<br />
phai kl din l i thidt Up bd quydn cua My chuydn budn bfin vdi Trung Qude. Trong<br />
trdn t b l gidi. Dfiy li myc tidu xuydn sudt ljeh s i bidn dgi, ngay ca trong giai doan<br />
qua bao ddi Tdng thdng My, ngay t i khi khiing being t i i chfnh 2008-2009, quan h$<br />
John Winthrop rdi Anh d l xfiy dyng "thinh kinh td gifla My v i khu vyc niy vdn dupc<br />
phd trdn dinh nui" vdi y tfldng xfiy dyng duy tri, ASEAN chidm 153 ti USD diu tu<br />
manh dfit fing d4t chfin lim cbuin myc dgo cua My - nhilu gfi'p ba Un mic 45 ti USD<br />
dflc cho toin bd t b l gidi Thidn Chia gido - vdo Trung Qudcvd g i n 10 lin mic 16 ti<br />
dd Id "khfing chi quan tfim ddn nhflng gi l i USD vio An Dd. Nhilu dy dofin edn cho<br />
eua anh m i cdn ca nhiing gl li cua ngudi r i n g tUdng lai cua nin kinh td" thd gidi nim<br />
khac" (19). Trong thdi ky hidn tgi, myc tidu d ving ldng chao Thfii Binh DflOng. Do dd.<br />
My cfi Ipi fch to ldn trong vide phfit triln cfic<br />
cia My Id md rd^g b i quyin ra toin t b l<br />
quan bd kinh tl" vdi khu vyc vfi t b i c diy xu<br />
gifii, trdn ed sd bfi quyin vl chfnh trj. My<br />
t b l m i cia v l kinb tlT d dfiy, Cbfnh gidi My<br />
mudn dam bao cho vi§c binh trUdng kinb<br />
cho ring, khai thfic mdt chfiu A - Thfii Binh<br />
t l trdn todn d u . dam bao vi tri thdng soil<br />
Dfldng tfing trfldng v i nfing ddng l i trung<br />
cua My vd kinh td. Vide truyin bfi nin dfln<br />
tfim Ipi fch kinh td v i chidn lupc cua My,<br />
chu tfl san My, gifi trj vfin hofi My cing Ii<br />
ddng thdi l i flu tidn quan trpng bdng diu<br />
mdt bfi phflin etfu thdnh cua myc tidu bfi ddi vfii Tdng thdng Obama. Nhiing tbi<br />
c h i tofin elu. trudng md d chfiu A cung cdp cho My<br />
Cfi thd ndi r i n g Ipi fch chiln Iflpc ddi nhing cd bdi d i u tfl, giao thfldng vd tilp<br />
ngogi cia My trong thdi gian diu cua tb^p cdn cfing nghd tidn tidn chfla t i n g cd. Phfit<br />
ky vin Id duy tri vj tri cudng qude srf mdt biiu c i a Tdng thrfng Obama trong thfing<br />
trong mdt thd gidi dang din d i n di ddn da didp b ^ bang t h i hi^n ro mye tiSu ciia My<br />
RhBmg biln dQng trong ehfnh s6ch eia m t -<br />
<br />
hidn nay "Tdi se di ddn b i t c i ndi ndo trdn nfii trong hdn n i a thd ky qua, quan hd<br />
thd gifii de md cfic tbj trfldng mfii cho san ddng minh ndy dfi tgo ndn mdt cd chl an<br />
phim eua My. V i tdi se khdng ding ydn ninh khdng chfnh thie tdn tgi d khu vyc.<br />
khi cdc dSi thu cgnh tranh cua ching ta mfic d i cfi lie ndng lie Ignh t i y vio tfnh<br />
khfing chdi ding ludt" (20). tofin cia My vd cfic nfldc trong tfftig thdi<br />
Thi hai, cdc tuyin dudng biln quan dilm, Dfiy Id nin tang vflng chic cho My cfi<br />
trpng nhfi't cia thd gifii. cde ddi tfic chfnh thd dfldng diu vdi nhiing thfich thflc da<br />
trong nhiing nd lye chdng khiing brf, nbiing phfldng bode nhflng vfin dS gai gdc tai khu<br />
lidn hd mang tfnh adng cfin ddi vdi trp giiip vyc vfi Id m§t ed chd tao eho My cdn bing<br />
nhfin dgo vd giam nhg thidn tai. giim nhp vl quyin lye dl cd kha ndng dfldng diu vdi<br />
anh hfldng e i a sy bidn ddi khf bdu cua My bdt ky sy ndi ISn nio cua mdt cfldng qude<br />
khdc cd tbl thdch thflc lgi vj tri cia My tgi<br />
ddu nim tgi khu vyc ndy, Trong 5 khdng<br />
khu vyc ehfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng,<br />
gian chiln lupc m i cfic cfldng qurfc dang<br />
cgnh tranh diu t h i ki XXI thi vide tranh Thi tu. nhfin trf Trung Qude lfi nhfin trf<br />
giinh quyin lflc biln diln ra sfii dfing nhl't theo nhilu hoc gii vd nhd nghidn cflu Id<br />
d khu vyc chfiu A-Thfii Binh Dfldng. Tgi dang thfich tbic lai lufit chdi cia My, Tuy<br />
khu vyc ndy, My cd mdt mgng Ifldi qudn ay nhidn. cfich thflc x i ly quan hd vdi Trung<br />
tfl Thfii Binh Dfldng sang An Dd Dfldng, tfl Qude lgi Id mfit cdu boi ldn. Nhfl trdn da<br />
Nam Cyc ldn Bic Cyc vdi 3 tuydn chi ylu. phfin tfch. t i sau ndm 1975 ddn nay, sy<br />
DSng Nam A nim gifla tuydn 1 gdm cfic cfin chu trpng cia My dfii vdi khu vyc chdu A -<br />
ci quan sy tfl Nhfit Bin, Hdn Qude den dao Thdi Binh Dfldng thfldng bj tie ddng bdi<br />
Diego Gacia trdn An Dfi Dfldng. Dai cfin cfl dien biln ciia tinh hinh khu vflc, chfnh<br />
tiin duydn kieu chuSi dao niy kilm sofit sdch cia My chua phdt triln dflpc thdnh<br />
cde eo biln, vung biln vd dfldng hing hai mdt chidn Iflpc p h i hpp. Vide My thieu mdt<br />
ehiln iupe bdt afle quan trpng, trd thdnh Id chidn Iflpe doi vdi chdu A lau nay da anh<br />
chfin tien duydn cho tuyen 2 gdm cfic dao hfldng tdi cdn bing trong khu vyc. Dilu<br />
trung tfim Id Guam vfi cfic cfin cfl d nfiy dd tgo didu kidn cbo Trung Qude tfing<br />
Australlia, New Zealand. Tuydn 3 gdm cfic cfldng anh hfldng tgi ddy, de dpa quyin Ipi<br />
cdn cfl tfl Hawai ddn Alaska vfi quin dao ciia My v i din din sd lim ydu di kha nfing<br />
dam bio an ninh cia chfnh nfldc My. Bdn<br />
Aleutian. Trong mgng d u tnic ba tuydn<br />
cgnh dd. ban thdn cfic nfldc d chfiu A - Thfii<br />
ndy. My cfin coi Nh|lt Ban vd Australia li<br />
Binh Dfldng. cbo din nay vin tim kilm sy<br />
hai chide neo Nam Bic trong chidn Iflpc an<br />
cfin bing. vl t h i hp se ddn nhdn sy hidn<br />
ninh chau A - Thai Binh Dfldng, cdn Dong<br />
didn cua My trong khu vyc ding thdi duy<br />
Nam A lfi elu noi gifla hai chile neo dd,<br />
tri cfic mfii quan hd song vfi da phfldng vfii<br />
Trung tfim cua cym cfin c i Dfing Nam A Trung Qude. Khdng mdt nfldc ndo trong<br />
trfldc day l i cfin cfl hai qufin Subic v i cdn kbu vyc niy muln bi diy vdo thd phii lya<br />
ci khfing qufln Clark d PhiUppines. nay Id chpn gifla hai cfldng qude. Vi vdy, My ein<br />
cfin c i hai qudn d Changyi d Singapo, t^p trung hdn vio chidn Iflpc duy tri vj tri<br />
Thi ba, khu vyc chfiu A - Thfii Binh cua My trong tfnh tofin c i a edc nfldc trong<br />
Dudng l i ndi My cfi nhilu ddng minh chidn khu vyc.<br />
lupc v i Ifiu bin, do l i Nhfit Ban, H i n Qude,<br />
Australia, Philippines v i Thai Lan. Cd thi Thi ndm, mfit nhfin to d i khfing dflpc<br />
Rghien ciu Lich s i . atf 4.2012<br />
<br />
nhilu nhd nghiSn cflu d l cdp nhflng khfing Dfldng sd l i tfim dilm cua cudc canh tranh<br />
tbl khfing tfnh ddn trong t b l gifii todn ciu quyin lye todn d u gifla My, sidu cfldng<br />
hfia bidn nay. Vd vfin hda, xfi hdi, cfi thd duy nhdt vfi Trung Qurfc, cfldng qude dang<br />
thfi'y rfi mdt thyc td Id thfinh phin ngfldi trfii ddy v i phdn diu trd thfinh mdt cyc<br />
My gdc A (21) vfi sy md rdng "gifi trj vfin trong thd gidi da eye.<br />
hda" My tgi khu vyc bidn nay cd chilu Ljeh s i eho thrfy m3i lin mdt nfldc ldn<br />
hfldng phfit triln. Sic mgnh qufln sy vfi sy dilu chinh chidn lupc ddu tie ddng dfing kl<br />
hi^n didn eua My tidp tyc dflpc mdt sd nfldc ddn quan hd qurfc td, t b i c diy dilu chinb<br />
trong khu vyc dl eao trong vide dam bao an chidn lupc eua cfic nfldc khfic. Dilu chinh<br />
ninh, hfia blnh kbu vyc, d$e bidt li vai trd chidn Iflpc cua My vfio thdi dilm niy cfing<br />
cia My trong vide duy tri t b l cfin bing lye cfi y nghia quan trpng vl My mfit nUdc ldn<br />
lupng trfldc sfl trSi d^y cia cfic cfldng qude trong mdt hd thong chfnh trj qurfc td cfi<br />
khu vyc nhfl Trung Qurfc. Tuy vdy, My chUa nbidu bidn ddng. Tuy nhidn, dfii vdi khu<br />
bao gid cfing kbai cbo ring vide cung erf cdc vyc chfiu A - Thdi Blnh Dfldng, ehfnh sdch<br />
lidn minh qudn sy song phfldng trong khu eua My sd ehi l i sy dilu chinh theo hfldng<br />
vyc Id nhim chrfng lgi Trung Qude bay bit tdng cfldng afl cfi m$t bo^c lfi "ay quay trd<br />
c i nfldc nio, v i chic chfin My sd khdng di lai" cua My tgi khu vyc thfing qua quan bd<br />
theo hfldng niy "trfl khi Trung Qude cd aong phUdng vfi cfic t b l chd da phUdng<br />
hinh dpng de dog tryc tilp din an ninh qurfc dang tdn tgi v i s i p blnh thdnh dya trdn<br />
gia cia My vd cfic ddng minh" (22), nhiing cd sd quan hd da cd vfi tfnh kd t h i a<br />
Nhfl vdy. dfla trdn nhflng cP sd dflpc ndu vd quy ludt dfi dflpc dinh hinh trong cbfnh<br />
cd the thd'y rd ring vi tri cia chfiu A • Thfii sfich ddi ngogi cua My. Ro rfing "sfl quay<br />
Binh Dfldng tdng ldn trong chiln Iflpc todn trd lgi" kbu vyc chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng<br />
elu e i a My e h i ydu do dfiy l i nPi hpi ty da dflpc thd hidn rd tfl cd sd ly lufin cho tu<br />
nhflng cd bdi (vl kinh tl) cing nhfl nhflng duy cua cfic n h i lanh dgo ddn chidn Iflpc,<br />
thach thie an ninh ldn nhfi't ddi vdi My chfnh sfich triln khai cua My tgi khu vyc,<br />
trong tfldng lai, Cbfnh tai khu vyc niy, Thyc td niy dfi gdp phin lim cho ddi sdng<br />
nhiing thach t h i e an ninh trfldc m i t cung chfnh trj c i a kbu vyc v i thd gidi trd ndn<br />
nhfl lfiu ddi dfii vdi My ddi bdi My phii tdp sdng ddng vdi nhiing tfnh tofin chidn Ifldc<br />
trung ddi phd. Xdt t i gfic dd dd, ed t b l thiy khfic nhau cua d c nfldc trong nhiing nfim<br />
trong thd ky XXI, ehfiu A - Thfii Binh gin dfiy.<br />
<br />
<br />
CHUTHtCH<br />
(1). Ngufin g8c cua vi$c My dUa ra Chu nghia lik.m^t lilnh thAc phfit triln cua Chu nghia Bi$t<br />
"bi^t l^p" 1ft vi^c tham cli;! vfio chfnh trj c&n bllng l$p. Trong Th&ng di^p lifin bang nfim 1823, Tdng<br />
quydn Ipc trfin t h i gidi vdi nhflng qurfc gia khflng thdng James Monroe tuySn brf r i n g '^\ic dja chfiu<br />
dfing tin c^y B^ dAn tdi nguy hgi cho Ipi Ich cua My My, vdi dilu ki^n tvl do vfi d$c l$p d& gilknh vk giQ<br />
b ngodi nUdc vjt giam tp do d i n chu h trong nUdc, dupc, khflng t h i bj coi lfi d^i tiA;ng ciia vifc thdc<br />
Xu hudng quan dilm nfiy cho r&ng My chl ndn d&n hofi trong tUOng lai bdi bSCt ky cUcing qufic chfiu<br />
d6ng vai trii I& m^t t l m gUOng v& m$t hinh mSu v l Au n&o" vfi My "coi btft ky cff glng nio nh&m md<br />
m^t xa h$i ti^ do ch£[ khdng nfin g&nh trfich nhi$m r^ng hf thrfng cua hg tdi bfit ky ndi ngo cua ban<br />
quSc trf dii Id nhfin danh ty do. H90 thuylt Monroe c i u nfiy lfi nguy hilm dffi vdi hofi blnh vfi an ninh<br />
Rhflmg bjgn dprigfrongehlnh s^eh eia fflf... 57<br />
<br />
<br />
cia My"; dl dfl'i l^i, My hCia "khflng can thi§p vfio h ttp :llyr^vi •breitbart.com/Drint.tihD?i d=CNG. c 77bb<br />
cac thupc dja ho$c cfic manh d&'t ph\i thu$c dang 96fc2c6873be2Q<br />
ton tai cua b i t ky cudng quflc chfiu Au nfto". Hpc (13). Ph&t biiu cua Nixon t^ii Guam ngfty 25-7-<br />
thuydt "chfku My lfi cua ngUdi chfiu My" nfiy A& cd 1969, Nixon n6u: "My khfing t h i vfi sfi khdng vfich<br />
tSc dong mgnh mS din chiln lUpc My ciing nhu ly ra mpi k l ho^ch, thi^t k l mpi chfldng trlnh, thi<br />
lu&n chinh tri qu^c t l (kh&i ni^m vl phfin chia khu hiknh mpi quylt djnh v& thpc hi^n tfft ca vi^c hko<br />
vVc anh budn^. Hpc thuylt n^y dupc sul d^ng v$ cfic quflc gia tfl do trSn t h i gidi. My sS giup<br />
trong nhQng n&m 1920 khi Chu nghia Bi$t t^ip nhflng ndi n^o thflc sfl mang l^i kit qua vfi dupc<br />
phit triln tdi dinh cao cOng nhU ngay trUdc Th^ xem \h Ipi (ch c i a My".<br />
chiS'n I v& II.<br />
(14). Robert Sutter "The United States in Asia:<br />
(2). Erick Bruun vfi Jay Crosby, Our Nation's Challenged but Durable Leadership" trong David<br />
Archive - the History of the United States in Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda (edited).<br />
Documents, Black Dog and Levental Publishers, International Relations in Asia.<br />
New York, 1999, tr. 192. Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr. 10.<br />
(3). Stephen Walt. "Quan h§ Quefc t^: M^t t h i (15). Chinh quyin George H. W. Bush vh Chinh<br />
gidi nhilu ly thuyS*!^. (Ban dich). Ly ludn Quan h^ quyin Clinton lufln nhfin manh vai tro try cot ciia c&c<br />
QuSc ti. Hoc vifn Quan h$ Qufic tS. 2007, tr. 7. li6n minh cfia My d khu vflc chau A - Thai Binh<br />
(4). Cdn dupc goi la Tan hi^n thi^c, DUdng trong cSc bao cao chifo lUpc cua My d Dong A.<br />
<br />
(5). Stephen Walt. "Quan h^ Quoc tf: M^t thi (16). Ralph A. Coaaa, "Security Dynamics in<br />
gidi nhilu ly thuyfi't". (Ban djch). Ly luan Quan he Eas Asia: Geopolitics vs. Regional Institutions"<br />
Quic t^. Hoc vifln Qaan h§ Quoc t^, 2007, tr.7 trong David Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda<br />
(edited). International Relations in Asia.<br />
(6). Co vfi^n an ninh quSc gia dudi thdi ky Tdng<br />
Rowrman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr. 323.<br />
thong Carter.<br />
(7). Braezinki. The Grand Chessboard: (17). Dfii thogi an ninh c^p thfl trudng Vi|t-My<br />
American Primacy and its Geotrategic Imperatives, da trd thfinh cd che thfldng nien.<br />
<br />
1997. (18). Tdng thd'ng Obama, trong bii phat bilu<br />
trfldc Quoc h§i Australia d Canberra, da nhlCn<br />
(8). N.J.Skyman. The Geography of the Peace.<br />
mgnh: "Hoa Ky Ik cudng qufic Thai Binh Dfldng vii<br />
Har-Court, 1994, tr. 34.<br />
chflng toi sS mai hi^n di^n d dfiy.<br />
(9). Richard L. Ruasell. L(ri tch quic gia cua My<br />
(19). Divine Breen Fredrichson Williams.<br />
dchduAu, Tin TKQHQT sff 11/95, tr. 52.<br />
"America - Pat and Present". Scott, Foresman<br />
(10). Timo Behr. US attitudes towards Europe -<br />
Company, 1987, tr. 45.<br />
a shift of paradigms?. Research and European<br />
(20). Thfing di§p Hfin bang cua Ting thong<br />
IsBuea No 29. November 2003. Tr.8<br />
Barack Obama. Thfing 2-2012.<br />
(11). Sau Chijfn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai, My ua (21). Ngfldi My gflc A hi^n nay chilm 6%. Theo<br />
ho trfl chfiu Au ph'ic hoi kinh t^ qua Vi ho^ch bfio di^n tfl Ddn tri. Ng6y 12-5-2011.<br />
Marshall (1949) vfi thfinh l§p LiSn minh Bic D^i (22). Ralph A. Cossa, "Security Dynamics in<br />
Tiy Difflng (1949) nhim cung erf vj trf cua My tgii Eas Asia: Geopolitics vs. Regional Institutions"<br />
l^c dja nfiy. trong David Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda<br />
(12). AFP. Clinton pledges US commitment to (edited). International Relations in Asia.<br />
Europe. Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr. 319.<br />