Những thương nhân Hà Lan đầu tiên đến Đàng Ngoài và Kẻ chợ năm 1637

^^^^fi^i%pt§J^<br /> <br /> NHUNC THl/dNC NHAN HA LAN DAU TIEN<br /> DEN OANC NCOAI VA KE CHO NAM 1657<br /> <br /> NGUYEN THl/A HY*<br /> (Dich vd gi&i thieu)<br /> <br /> Ldi ddn: The ky XVI-XVII trong lich sir the gidi la ky nguyen thuang mai toan cau. Trong h6<br /> tho'ng mau dich chau A, nhung tuyen buon ban qudc te didn ra sdi dOng d bie'n Ddng va Thai Binh<br /> Duong, trong do hai mien Dai Viet da nam tren cung dudng trung chuyS'n.<br /> Trong toan canh do, nam 1637, thuong diem Hirado ciia Cong ty Dong An Ha Lan (VOC) d Nhat<br /> Ban da cir chie'e tau Grol do Trudng thuong vu K. Hartsinek chi huy tdi Dang Ngoai sau khi ghe qua<br /> Hdi An, dem bac de'n mua la va xin dat quan he bu6n ban. Chuy^'n di keo dai han 6 thang, trong do<br /> thdi gian phai bd luu lai Kinh thanh Thing Long la %in 2 thang rudi.<br /> Nguyen ban \'\€t tay bang tieng Ha Lan c6 cudn Nhat ky hank tiinh ciia tau Grol duac bao quan<br /> tai Luu tru thude dia The Hague. Nam 1882, Geerts da cho dich cud'n nhat ky do sang tig^ng Phap vdi<br /> nhung chu giai ciia G.Maget, trong tieu luan "Journal de voyage du yacht hollandais Grol du Japon<br /> au Tonkin" (1637), dang tai tren Tap chf Excursions et Reconnaissances" t VI.n"13 (Paris, 1882).<br /> Nam 1883, I.M.Dixon cung dich sang tiS'ng Anh nhat ky do vdi bai tiS'u luan "Voyage of the Dutch<br /> Ship "Grol" from Hirado to Ton King", dang tai trong cudn 'Transactions of the Asiatic Society of<br /> Japan" XI (Yokohama, 1883). Tdi nam 1907, ban dich cudn nhat ky ra ti^ng Phdp duac dang lai<br /> trong Tap chi Revue Indochinoise quydn 5, .sd 55 va 56.<br /> Day la mfit tu lieu gO'c hiem quy cCia m6t ddi tac nudc ngoai phuang Tay each day 370 nam vifi't<br /> \i quan he giao thuang Viet Nam - Ha Lan trong niia dau the' ky XVII. N6 co th^ ddng lam ca sd<br /> giup chung ta di sau nghien ciru, gai md hoae gop phSn lam sang to mdt sd va'n d^ ve lich sir, thuc<br /> trang va chi'nh sach, thii tuc ciia nha nudc phong ki^n trong ngoai thuang, ngoai giao, nin kinh t^<br /> hing hoa ciia Viet Nam the' ky XVll cung nhu m6t sd tdn nghi v^ dja ly - lich sir, ndi tinh chfnh tri,<br /> tinh hinh dan chiing d Dang Ngoai trong thdi do.<br /> Nhung ngudi viei cudn nhat ky c6 cai nhin va diing tren quan di^m vi lai ciia mdt cdng ty nudc<br /> ngoai, ddi mat vdi m6t chfnh quyen phong kie'n quan lieu chuyen chS. phuang Ddng vdi nhi^u tfi nan<br /> tham nhung. Ben canh mpt so danh gia nhan dinh co th^ la chii quan, cudn nhat ky da cung ca'p cho<br /> chiing ta nhieu thuc te' lich sir khach quan co y nghia, thOng qua nhiJng chi tiei sdng dOng. T^t nhiSn<br /> do khai thae triet de' gia trj tu lieu, chiing ta can phai nghien ciiu sau them, th^m djnh, khao chiing,<br /> do'i sanh nhiing thOng tin la dieu ma d day chung ta chua lam duac.<br /> Chung toi da cO' gang dich sat tinh than va noi dung ciia van ban, nhung khOng thi tranh khoi<br /> mOt sd kho khan. Mot sd thuat ngir va tir c6 noi ve cac vat dung, hing hoa chuyen mOn duang thdi<br /> khong tim duac tir tieng Vict tuang duang. Mot sd chii thich cung can ban cai lai, nhirng chiing tdi<br /> vin tOn trong nguyen van. Rat mong nhan duac y kien dong gop.<br /> <br /> C h u y e n du h a n h ciia chie'e tau Ha (hai c a n g nho) g a n thfinh phd' H i r a d o (3)<br /> L a n G r o l txi N h a t B a n t d i D a n g N g o a i t r e n h d n dao m a n g c u n g t e n gpi (d N h d t<br /> (31/1/1637 - 8/8/1637) (1) Ban) de di tdi xQ D a n g Ngodi. T r e n tfiu ed<br /> trUdng thUdng vy K a r e l H a r t s i n e k , ngUdi<br /> Nhat ky tren tdu<br /> chi h u y cupe vien h a n h , Vincent Romeyn,<br /> 31 thdng Gieng - Ngay 31-1-1637, con ngUdi Ha L a n cU t r u d N a g a s a k i k h d n g Ifim<br /> t a u Yacht (2) Grol da rdi v u n g do Koutchi viec cho Cdng ty Dong An Hfi L a n mfi sinh<br /> <br /> <br /> PGS. TS. Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Npi<br /> Rhflmg thirong nhan f\h Lan dau Hto.. 69<br /> <br /> sdng bfing cong viec budn bfin rieng tU. - 25 thdng Hai: Ngfiy 25-2, chung tdi<br /> Trong eong vi§c, ong cd quan hp vdi dng gifi tiep tue cupe hfinh trinh vdi y dinh trUde<br /> Menchioe Santwoort, ngUdi Hfi Lan dfi den het se den thfim Quinam (7). De thiie hipn<br /> Nhfit Ban vdi William Adams ngdy 19-4- vipe nfiy, ngUdi ta da trang bi mpt thuyen<br /> 1600 (4) Tnidng thUOng diem Hfi Lan d mfinh ed ten Ifi Autekou, vdi mpt hoa tieu<br /> Hirado, ngfii Nicolas Koeekbaeker da xin tren thuyen, 9 ngUdi Hfi Lan vfi 9 ngUdi<br /> Vincent Romeyn di thap tung chuyen vien Trung Qudc. 6 Tayouwan, ngUdi ta dfi chfit<br /> hfinh nfiy vfi giup dd cdng ty vdi nhQng them vfio khdi hfing hda ban dfiu mpt sd<br /> kien thQc vfi kinh nghipm lau nfim eiia hfing tdng gia tri Id 2364 florins. Chide tfiu<br /> minh. Dl ddi lai ngUdi ta dfi eho phdp dng Waterlooze Werve dfi bi mfit nhQng cay neo<br /> mua (d Nhfit Ban) nhQng hang hda tdng vfio ngfiy 18-10 nfim trUde, cho nen khdng<br /> tong gifi tri tdi 2.500 lang bae (14.250 t h i diing dupe eho chuyen di nfiy. O Dai<br /> francs) vfi chuyen ehd nhQng hang hda dd Loan, de Ifim qufi cho nha vua xQ Dfing<br /> mien cUde phf vfin tai tdi Dfing Ngofii. Ngofii, ngUdi ta da mang theo them hai ed<br /> Karel Hartsinek (5) cd trach nhipm theo doi sung (thin cdng), can nfing 1020 vfi 1030<br /> dieu nhupng bp dUde thda thufin dd de livres (cfin Anh - 453,6 g) vfi nhQng dan<br /> khdng bi ldi dung. phao bfing sfit nfing 12 livres.<br /> <br /> Td'ng gia tri so hfing hda chuyen chd TQ ngdy 18 thdng Giing den ngdy 25<br /> tren chide tfiu Grol Ifi 366.588 florins thdng Giing, ngUdi ta dfi tiep nhfin d Dfii<br /> (khoang chQng 736.850 francs); chi cd Loan 17 thuyen mfinh tQ Trung Hoa ddn,<br /> mpt phfin sd hang hda gia tri 188.166 chd 60 pieuls (ta = 60kg) td sdng, 1500 ta<br /> florins (378.214 francs) dUpe chuyin tdi dudng, 200 ta Lankin (vai len Trung Qude)<br /> Dfing Ngofii. NhQng hfing hda chd den xQ vfi mpt sd lupng ldn dd gdm sQ tinh vfi thd.<br /> nfiy cd mpt vfii mfit hfing chfiu Au vfi Vien thuyen trUdng Bencan ed y dinh giii<br /> Nhfit Ban, cdn chu yeu Ifi chd ddng vfi nhQng hfing hda dd den Quinam vfi dng ta<br /> sfit, tfit ca tri gifi Ifi 171.000 florins xin dupe khdng tra hdn 15% tien thud nhfip<br /> (343.710 francs). cang vfi xufi't cang. NhUng ngUdi ta khdng<br /> chfi'p nhfin yeu cfiu ciia dng, bdi vi dng<br /> Vien trUdng thUdng diem d Nhfit Ban dfi<br /> Putmans dd fin dinh thue nhdp cang vfi<br /> trao eho Karel Hartsinek mpt bQc thU xufi't cang moi thQ Ifi 10% vfi dng Van der<br /> chfnh thQc d l giii tdi nhfi vua tri vi xQ Burg khdng mudn thay ddi quyet dinh nfiy.<br /> Dfing Ngofii. 6 n g ta cdn cd y dinh gvfi mpt NgUdi ta tfnh tofin neu theo y dinh eua<br /> tfiu budn khac, chide Waterlooze Werve tQ thuyen trUdng Bencan giii nhQng hfing hda<br /> Nhfit Ban tdi Dfing Ngofii. dd den Quinam thi se kiem ldi dUdc tQ 40-<br /> - 13 thdng Hai • Ngfiy 13 thang Hai 50% doi vdi mfit hfing Lankins, 150% ddi<br /> (1637), sau mpt budi thdi tiet rfi't xfi'u Ifim vdi nhQng dd gdm thd.<br /> chung tdi bi mfit banh Ifii tfiu vfi 2 chiee Ngdy 3 thdng Hai, mpt thuyen mfinh<br /> neo, vfio lue 7.30 chieu tdi, chung tdi da tdi eiia Cdng ty dfi dUde cii tQ Dfii Loan di tdi<br /> vinh Tayouwan (Dfii Loan - Formose). Lfip nhQng dao Liukiu, ed vien thuyen phd<br /> tQc Karel dfi dupe dUa len bd, trong mpt Johan Jurriaansz di theo, vdi nhipm vy Ifi<br /> chide xudng do vien tdng trfi'n (Dfii Loan) Ifi tim kiem nhQng md vfing mfi ngUdi ta ndi<br /> ong Van den Burg giii tdi (6). rfing ed d tren nhQng hdn dao nfiy, vfi sau<br /> 70 R g h i ^ curu L|ch siir. sg 4.2009<br /> <br /> dd Ifi tien hfinh thfim thfnh ve nhQng md tdt. Ong Dueher chuyin cho dng Hartsinek<br /> vfing dd. 6 n g ta trd v l ngfiy 18 thang Hai. ban ghi nhd sau dfiy ve xQ Dfing Ngofii:<br /> Theo bfio cao ciia dng ta, d Pibamba, trong<br /> "XQ Dfing Ngofii vfi xii Quinam (Dfing<br /> vung phu cfin eiia Liukiu da cd vfing, vfi<br /> Trong) dang cd chien tranh (10). NhQng<br /> dng hofing d dd da ddng y het sQc giiip dd<br /> nha vua cua 2 xQ nfiy rfi't tQc gifin nhau.<br /> chung ta trong cdng vipe khai thfie kim<br /> Tuy nhien, nhQng thUdng nhfin eiia 2 xQ<br /> loai. Mpt ngudi Trung Qud'c da tQng d xQ dd<br /> vfin dupe phdp tiep tuc budn bfin vdi nhau.<br /> trong 14 nfim qua quyet rfing ed vfing d<br /> Vi the, trong thdi gian lUu lai Dfing Ngofii,<br /> Pibamba, vfi xin dUde dfin dUdng cho ehiing chung ta vfin cd cd hpi lien lac vdi thUdng<br /> tdi tdi dia dilm dd. NgUdi nfiy da di den d nhan ciia chung ta d Quinam. Trong thang<br /> lai Dfii Loan trong 10 ngfiy d l cung cfi'p 11 nfim 1636, gifi td rfi't ha d Dfing Ngofii,<br /> them cac tin tQc. 6 Dfii Loan ngUdi ta vQa xudng den mQc ehi cdn 45 lang (bac) mpt<br /> cdng bd nhQng sfic lenh mdi thiet lfip mpt ta. TQ khi cd 3 chide thuyen mfinh Bd Dfio<br /> mQc thue 10% ddi vdi loai thit hUdu, da sdn Nha tdi, mpt chiee vfio cudi thfing 11, chide<br /> dUdng, hofing eon vfi nhQng loai gaeh Ifim d khfic vfio ngfiy 15 thfing Hai, gifi td lai len<br /> Saceam. den 60 lang mpt ta. Nhfi vua dfi chiem<br /> - Ngdy 5 thdng Ba. Ngfiy 5 thfing Ba dung vdn tdi 40.000 lang bac do ngUdi Bd<br /> chung tdi tien den gfin vinh Turon (hay Dfio Nha dem lai vfi hQa se cung cfip cho hp<br /> Touran) (8). MQdi sfiu ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha bfing to vdi sdtien dd. Trong sd" 40.000 lang<br /> mfi chung tdi dfin dp tQ Dfii Loan dupe ndi tren, cd 30 hdm t i l n bac midng Nhfit<br /> phdng thich vfi gtti len bd. Ngfiy 26 thfing Ban, trong tieng Hfi Lan gpi Ifi Schuitjes<br /> Hai, mpt ngfiy sau khi chung tdi khdi hfinh hay Schuitgeld.<br /> tQ Dfii Loan, chung tdi dfi bi mfi't lien lac<br /> NhQng nhfi vua Quinam vfi Dfing Ngofii<br /> vdi chide thuyen mfinh vfi tQ dd eung khdng<br /> cd hp hfing vdi nhau. NgUdi ta se lpi dung<br /> thfi'y lai nd nQa. Hai t h i y tu ngUdi Bd Dfio<br /> chuyen di thfim cua tfiu Grol tdi Dfing<br /> Nha d tren tfiu ciia chung tdi thi v i n h\ giQ<br /> Ngofii de bf mfit tim hieu xem lipu nhfi vua<br /> lai. NhQng hfing hda chd den Quinam (9)<br /> xQ Dfing Ngofii cd t h i hofic ed mudn giup<br /> dupe dd khdi tfiu vfi sau dd chung tdi tra lai<br /> tu do eho hai t h i y tu Bd Dfio Nha. Ngudi ta chung ta ddi lai so t i l n 23.580 rdales da<br /> dfi elm giQ hp lai bdi vi mpt trong nhiing dupe cQu thofit tQ chide tfiu dfim<br /> vien chQe eua thUdng diem ehiing tdi d Grootenbrock vfi dfi bj nhQng ngUdi<br /> Quinam da chay tron vfi ngUdi ta cho rfing Quinam chiem lfiy mpt cfich bfit hpp phap<br /> ngUdi dd da sang d ben nhQng ngUdi Bd hay khdng. Tuy nhien, cdng vipe nfiy se<br /> Dfio Nha. Tuy nhien, nhQng ngQdi nfiy phai dfin xep mpt cfich hdt sQc te nhi vfi bf<br /> khfing dinh rfing hp khdng chQa chfi'p vien mfit vfi dQng ndi dieu dd cho ban thfin nhfi<br /> chQc kia, vfi ngUdi ta da tha hai t h i y tu Bd vua hofic ngay ca den eho mdt trong nhQng<br /> Dfio Nha. 6 Quinam, chung tdi mua mdt nhfi quy tpc d t r i l u dinh, vi tfit ca mpi dieu<br /> chide thuyen mfinh khfic de thay the chiee gi xay ra d t r i l u dinh Dfing Ngofii cung sg<br /> bi mfi't trong chuyen di. dupe bf mfit bfio cao tdi trilu dinh Quinam,<br /> vfi neu xQ nfiy mfi biet dUdc nhQng f do eiia<br /> - 13 thdng Ba. Ngfiy 13 thfing Ba (1637), chung ta, thi t i t ca nhiing vien chQe ciia<br /> chung tdi rdi Quinam. Chide thuyen mfinh cdng ty Ifim vipe tai thUdng diem se phai<br /> dupe tra lai vi nd d trong tinh trang khdng dUdng d i u vdi nhQng noi nguy hilm ldn lao<br /> Fthumg thuong nhto Tth Lan d£u H^n... 71<br /> <br /> nhfit, lue dd cfii qudc gia tfin bao nfiy s§. Chung tdi quyet dinh cxi vien trd ly<br /> khdng chfim tre tien hfinh mpt tfi'm tham Huibrecht Eems vfi ngUdi phien dich Striek<br /> kich thuc sU. len bd vdi mpt mdn qufi cd gia tri chQng tQ<br /> 8 den 10 lang bfing hfing hda Nhfit Ban.<br /> "Ky ngdy 12-3-1637"<br /> NhQng ngUdi nfiy phai di tdi gfip vi quan<br /> • 18 thdng Ba • Ngfiy 18 thang Ba chung dia phUdng, xin dng ta thdng bfio vdi nhfi<br /> tdi gfip phai thdi tiet xfiu vfi gid quay thdi vua xQ Dfing Ngofii ve vipe tfiu chung tdi<br /> ngUpe chilu, chung tdi bd neo tai vung phu den vfi keu clu Ngfii eho phep chung tdi len<br /> cfin Turon. Budi sfing, chung tdi nhin thfiy bp efing sdm efing tdt, vdi nhQng hfing hda<br /> eon tau (Hfi Lan) Rurop ra khdi vinh eiia chung tdi, nhQng mdn tfing phfim vfi Ifi<br /> Turon. thQ g^i len nhfi vua.<br /> - 23 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 23 thang Ba chung - 30 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 30 thang Ba,<br /> tdi lai chuyen hUdng tfiu di Dfing Ngofii. chung tdi cii vien trp ly vfi ngUdi phien dich<br /> len bd. NhQng mdn tfing phfim Ifi:<br /> - 26 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 26 thfing Ba ehiing<br /> tdi d 17''2' vi Bfic. Chiing toi di theo hUdng -I- Bdn chide fi'm dun nQdc, mdi chide 1 lit<br /> Tfiy Bfic vfi Tfiy Tfiy Bfic. Chung tdi nhin -I- Bdn chide fim dun nUde, moi chide nvta<br /> thfi'y mpt hdn dao. lft<br /> - Ngdy 27 thdng Ba. Lp trinh ciia chiing -t- Hai binh pha chd bfing kim loai<br /> tdi theo hudng Tfiy - Tay Bfic, d 17''49' vi<br /> Bfic. Chung tdi dfit ten cho hdn dao nfiy Ifi + Hai thanh gUdm Nhfit Ban (eatabre)<br /> dao Grol (11). Tfiu eiia chung tdi di giQa NgUdi hoa tieu ed nhipm v\i thfim dd cQa<br /> dao nfiy vfi 2 mui dfi't. Hdn dao nfiy khdng sdng Giang (13). Anh ta thfi'y eho dd khdng<br /> thfi'y cd tren tfi'm ban dd eua thuyen tnidng sfiu hdn tQ 8^^ ddn 9 bp nUdc. Anh ta dUpe<br /> Hendrick Arendsz. dfin chung ddn tidp tQ te.<br /> - 29 thdng Ba - Ngfiy 29 thfing Ba chung - Ngdy 1 thdng TQ - Ngfiy 1 thang TU,<br /> tdi trdng thfi'y dao Sahou (nhfit ky ghi chung tdi nhfin dUde 1 bQc thU ciia mpt vi<br /> Sahoe), each 3 dfim v l phfa Nam. Chung quan vfi nhQng mdn qufi tfing sau day:<br /> tdi ludt nhanh d hUdng Nam Tfiy Nam ve -I- 5000 ddng tiln (tieng Nhfit la Zdni)<br /> phfa dao Frakaki, dp sfiu 12 sai nUdc eho<br /> cfich ben dao mpt dfim. Ve phfa Ddng dao •1- Mpt con ldn sdng<br /> nfiy, nUde giam bdt dfin dp sfiu. O quang Vien si quan chi huy nhQng chidn<br /> giQa cfic hdn dao Sahou vfi Frakaki dp sfiu thuyen vfi 3 nhfi quy tpc Dfing Ngofii mang<br /> eiia biln Ifi 12 sai nUde. Budi chieu ehiing nhQng tfing phfim den cho chung tdi.<br /> tdi budng neo d bd biln phfa Tfiy dao La thQ viet: "Ong rfi't hfii long ve vi^c<br /> Frakaki (12), dp sfiu 5 sai nUde each dd mpt nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan tdi dfiy vfi dQc vua ed<br /> dfim v l phfa Bfic - Ddng Bfic vfi Ddng Bfic, le eung hfii long nhU vfiy. Rfing ngUdi Hfi<br /> ed mpt bfii dfi thfi'p vfi phfing vfi nhilu mdn Lan se phai tra thue nhfip cang dfinh vfio<br /> da ngim. V l phfa Tfiy cung cd nhilu mdm hfing hda, thue neo dfiu tfiu, rfing hfing hda<br /> da ngim cd le dupe tao nen bdi cfic bfii da se khdng bfit dfiu dUpe dd khdi tfiu trUde<br /> ho$c dai cfit dudi biln. khi Ipnh cho phdp dUpe giii tdi, rfing tfi't ca<br /> 72 R g h i ^ ciJru Ljch siSr. s6 4.2009<br /> <br /> se hi tich thu neu vi pham nhQng quy tfic Dfing Ngofii lUu giQ. Cfic dng Eems (trp ly)<br /> dd. Rfing ngudi ta se khdng bfin sung dai vfi Striek (phien dich) da dUde ddi xii tii t l .<br /> bae mfi ngUde lai ngUdi ta phai giQ yen lanh NgUdi ta dfi thfim vfi'n hp v l Iy do ngUdi Hfi<br /> hoan tofin". Lan den dfiy vfi ngUdi ta da hdi rfing hp den<br /> dfiy Ifi do cd y dinh tQ trUde hay budc phai<br /> Chung tdi nghi rfing tfi't ca nhiing menh<br /> den do gfip sU co hofic bi bao tfip. Hp tra ldi<br /> Ipnh dd dUa den eho chung tdi Ifi diia theo y<br /> rfing hp da tQ Nhfit Ban den vfi rfing tidng<br /> kien eiia mpt thfiy tu ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha<br /> tfim v l an dQc cua nhfi vua xQ Dfing Ngofii<br /> dang d ndi dd.<br /> vfi lenh efi'm tQ nay ngfin can ngUdi Nhfit<br /> Chung tdi da chuyen giao eho vien (14) den budn ban d Dfing Ngofii dfi khien<br /> thuyen trUdng (ngUdi Dfing Ngofii) chi huy dng tnidng thUdng vu ngUdi Hfi Lan tai<br /> nhQng chien thuyen vfi 3 nhfi quy tpc mpt Nhfit Ban quyet dinh cii mpt con tfiu den<br /> so' tfing phfim sau day: Dfing Ngofii di chQng td nhQng mdi quan<br /> hp giao hao vfi budn ban vdi xQ nfiy. Sau dd<br /> -I- nfim cfii jackan (fi'm dun nUde Nhfit)<br /> hp da nfii m xin cfic vien quan dUde mau<br /> ldn<br /> ehdng cho tfiu ngUde ddng sdng cung vdi<br /> + bd'n cfii jackan nhd hfing hda.<br /> -I- hai cai quitasalles (Ipng, du) ldn<br /> Luc dfiu, nhQng qufi bieu eiia vien trd ly<br /> -I- hai cai quitasalles nhd mang theo bi tQ chdi, vi gifi trj ciia nd qufi<br /> nhd mpn vfi khdng xQng vdi phfim trfit cua<br /> + bdn cfii cantaber (thanh gUdm) nhd<br /> nhfin vfit dupe tfing. NhUng sau dd dng<br /> -I- sfiu cfii quat quan nfiy cung nhfin lai vdi Iy do rfing<br /> Chung tdi dUde thdng bfio rfing d Dfing ngUdi Hfi Lan Ifi ngUdi ngoai qudc, cd t h i<br /> mien thQ eho hp vi dilu da khdng td tQdng<br /> Ngofii cd rfi't nhieu td lua, cd t h i chfi't dfiy<br /> phong tuc eua xQ sd. Thfim ehf cdn hdn thd<br /> hdn ba con tfiu. Chung tdi khfing dinh rfing<br /> nQa: dng ta yeu c l u chung tdi cho dng ta<br /> nhQng menh Ipnh dUde ban ra se dUpe<br /> mQdn 5 hdm bac di mua cho chung tdi td<br /> chung tdi chfip hanh vfi chung toi se khdng<br /> vfi que. Vien trd ly tra ldi rfing quyen han<br /> Ifim bfit cQ dieu gi xfi'u hofic sai trai ddi vdi<br /> eua minh khdng dUde phdp dfip Qng mpt<br /> dfin chung. Den day chi vdi nhQng y dinh<br /> yeu clu nhu vfiy. Vien quan bdn yeu clu<br /> tot nhfit vfi trong mpt muc dfch hofin tofin<br /> ngUdi e l m d i u chuyen viin hfinh Ifi<br /> hQu hao, chung tdi xin hdi tai sao ngUdi ta<br /> Hartsinek den nhfi dng ta de thUdng thao<br /> ehUa cho vien trd ly vfi ngUdi phien dich<br /> vu vipe nfiy. Hartsinek bfiy td rfing dng<br /> cua chung tdi trd ve tfiu. NgUdi ta tra ldi<br /> mudn eho con tfiu tien den g i n hdn, nhUng<br /> cho chung tdi Ifi "cac dng dd ngfiy mai se trd<br /> hinh nhu khdng t h i nfio di chuyin dUpe, vi<br /> lai cung vdi cac vi quan".<br /> dp sfiu cua ddng sdng khdng qufi tQ 9 ddn<br /> - 2 thdng TQ - Ngfiy hdm nay, 2 thfing 10 bd (khoang tQ 2,75m - 3,05m), trong khi<br /> Tu, vien trp ly vfi ngUdi phien dich dfi trd dp chim eua tau Ifi 13 bp nUdc. Vien quan<br /> lai cung vdi vien t h u y i n trUdng ngUdi Dfing tra ldi Ifi ban thfin minh eung khdng biet ldi<br /> Ngofii vfi hai vien thU ky. Mpt trong sd di tdt nha't, nhUng dng se cii nhQng ngUdi<br /> nhQng binh Ifnh cua chung tdi cd ten Ifi thanh thao kinh nghipm v l v i n d l nfiy vfi<br /> se chi bao cho dudng di tot nhfit". Vi vfiy<br /> Wolf vfi mpt ngUdi ban xQ vfin cdn h\ ngUdi<br /> Rhumg thuang nh&n T)h Lan ddu Hte... 73<br /> <br /> <br /> nhQng ngudi Hfi Lan khdng cdn thfiy cin chung tdi vfin bfit budc phai ed khdng ft<br /> phai dUa con tfiu den Schephay (15) vfi bd nhQng mdn qufi tfing eho cfic quan cai ba<br /> neo ben hdn dao Hai tfic (Roovers eiland) tfiu (kapados) (16) khi hp den de giai quyet<br /> nhu ^ dinh luc trUde ciia hp. cdng vipe budn bfin. D l tra ldi vipe vien<br /> - 3 thdng TQ. Ngfiy 3 thang Tu, chung quan yeu cfiu 5.000 lang, ngUdi ta ndi rfing<br /> tdi quyet dinh rfing ngfii sdp Hartsinek cd thii trudng, ngfii Nicolas Koeckbacher<br /> Vincent Romeyn di kdm se den thfim vi trong Ifi thu gQi nhfi vua dfi dUa ra mpt<br /> quan mang theo mpt tfing phfim cd gifi tri danh muc chfnh xfic tfi't ca nhQng gi d tren<br /> 60 lang bae. NgUdi ta se yeu clu vien quan eon tfiu.<br /> thdng bfio cho nhfi vua Dfing Ngoai vipe Nhfin dupe tra ldi nhU vfiy, vien quan<br /> chung tdi den cang sdm cang tdt. Ddng thdi thdi khong nfii dp nQa ve ehuypn mUpn<br /> ngUdi ta mudii giao cho dng ta khoan 1.000 tien. Vien thdng ngdn ngUdi Nhfit mudn<br /> lang bfing tien bac vfi hfing hda d l mua hp chQng td thipn y eiia minh ddi vdi ehiing<br /> chung tdi nhQng san phfim Dfing Ngofii. tdi, da gdi mpt ldi nhfin tin cho ngUdi phien<br /> Chiing tdi sd Ifim dng ta phfit y hoae phai<br /> dich d Ourusra [d nhfi Ourusan?] clu xin<br /> kdo dfii vo cd cupe thfim vieng cua chiing tdi<br /> ngUdi nfiy bfiy di tdi kinh thfinh Catchiou<br /> ndu chung tdi khdng chiu hien tfing nhU<br /> (17) [Ke Chd], de thdng bfio cho nhfi vua<br /> vfiy. Tren tfiu, vfin cd 20 hdm bae dupe giQ<br /> vi^c chung tdi den vfi de xin ngfii mpt la<br /> bf mfit, gifiu kin trong chide xudng trUde<br /> thu bao Ifinh.<br /> khi Hartsinek khdi hfinh. Ddi vdi ehu nhfin<br /> chile tfiu (ldn), ngUdi ta giao lai eho 2.000 - 4 thdng Til. TQ sang tinh md, chung toi<br /> lang bfing bae mieng (tien Schuitges), vdi rdi khdi Giang de ngUdc ddng sdng ddn eho<br /> dilu kipn dng ta phai thdng bao kip thdi vien quan d, mpt dia diem cfich Giang<br /> eho Hartsinek trong trUdng hdp dng ta chQng 8 dfim dia ly. Vfio luc mpt gid dem<br /> khdng t h i dQng hdt sd bae dd trong vdng khuya, chung tdi den dia diem dd, ndi<br /> mpt thfing di mua nhQng hfing hda Dfing ngUdi ta tiep nhan chung tdi vdi tidng<br /> Ngofii. chieng trdng fim i, dUdi finh sang cua vd sd<br /> ngpn dude. Dpi quan Ifnh gom cd 200 ngUdi<br /> Sau dd, vfio buoi chilu, Hartsinek vfi<br /> Vincent Romeyn eho tfiu khdi hfinh nhQng dQng thfinh hfing dpc bd sdng, elm sung<br /> khdng t h i ngUde ddng sdng tien xa hdn hoa thUdng ed ludi le. Sau khi dfit chan len<br /> dupe vi nude chay xidt. Hp bfit bupc phai bp, chung tdi dUde dfin ve ndi d ciia vien<br /> dQng lai d lfing Giang, ndi hp qua dem quan. Ong nfiy d trong mpt ngdi nhfi bfing<br /> trong ehd d ciia ngudi phi^n dich Nhfit Ban tre uy nghi trang trpng, giQa nhQng chQc<br /> Guando, ngUdi nfiy xin tfin tinh giup dd hp sfic vfi binh hnh ciia dng. Chung tdi ngdi<br /> chQng nfio minh cdn ed t h i . Theo y anh ta, tren chide chieu vfi sau khi chung tdi thi ll<br /> cho vien quan kia vfio lue nfiy mpt mdn qufi chfio theo kilu Hfi Lan, bfit dfiu trao ddi<br /> tfing ldn nhQ vfiy thi thfit Ifi hofin tofin vd cupe dien tQ. Qua ldi ngUdi phien dich, vien<br /> fch, nhfi't Ifi khi ehUa biet chfic rfing li^u quan ndi vdi chung tdi rfing chung tdi Ifi<br /> tfiu ed the vfio dupe ddng sdng hay khdng. nhQng ngUdi dUde hoan nghenh. 6ng xin<br /> Va lai, ndu chung tdi bfit budc phai tim mpt ldi vi eho d ciia dng ft dupe lich sii vfi mdi<br /> vung do khfic, thi chung toi se ehfing cdn chung tdi xudng ngii dem dUdi dofin chiln<br /> vi$c gi d l Ifim vdi dng ta, mfi sau dd, thi thuyen.<br /> 74 R g h i ^ cijru Lich sit. s6 4.2009<br /> <br /> Chiing tdi dap: "Qua nhQng ngudi ban ciia chiing tdi ed nguy ed bj tdn thfi^t Idn, vfi<br /> Nhat Ban cua chung tdi (18), chung tdi da ehiing tdi se khdng phuc vu dUdc hofing<br /> biet den an dQc vfi Idng td't cua mdt dQc vua thUdng mdt cfich chu dao chitog nfio chiing<br /> vui long cho phep mpi ngUdi ngoai qud'c ddn tdi chUa ed mdt eho neo dfiu thfeh h(?p, vi<br /> xQ sd cua ngfii budn bfin, vfi hdn nQa, ngUdi the chiing tdi cfiu ngQdi vui Idng chi gfip<br /> da che chd, bao hp hp. Quan thdng linh chi cho chung tdi mdt vung dfiu tfiu chfic chfin".<br /> huy edng viec budn ban trong de qudc Nhfit<br /> Vien quan tra ldi: "Vipe chiing tdi den<br /> Ban, nhan danh dng hoang nUde Ha Lan vfi<br /> chfic chfin se Ifim hofing thUdng hfii Idng.<br /> Tdng cdng ty Ddng fi'n, vi the dfi quyet dinh<br /> Vfi dng dfi cii ngUdi khfin bfio den hofing<br /> cif eon tfiu eua chung tdi den Dfing Ngofii<br /> thupng de NgUdi biet dUdc vipe chung tdi<br /> de dUa nhQng hdng hda cua chung tdi den<br /> den. Ngfiy mai dng ta se lai cii mpt dai bilu<br /> phue vu DQc Hofing thUdng (Dfing Ngofii).<br /> thQ hai bfio tin rfing chung tdi se dpi cfic<br /> Do vay chung tdi la nhQng ngudi dai dipn,<br /> quan cai ba tfiu vfi cfic thuyin chdo trong 6,<br /> chQ khdng phai chi Ifi nhQng tU thUdng nhu<br /> 7 ngfiy tdi. Ong ta dfin Ifi hay cho tfiu vfio<br /> nhQng ngUdi Nhat Ban hofic nhQng ngUdi trong sdng vfi dng ta bao dam rfing miic<br /> Bd Dfio Nha. Cae vUdng cdng va nhQng nude sdng dii sau. Chung tdi phan bac lai<br /> ngai chu nhan eiia chung tdi da ed nhilu rfing nhQng eupe thfim dd dfi chQng minh<br /> thUdng diem dfit tai cae xQ sd An Dp, Nhdt eho chung tdi dilu ngUde lai, vfi rfing, mfic<br /> Ban, Trung Hoa, Cao Mien, Xiem La..., ndi du chung tdi khdng hfii long nhUng chung<br /> nhQng ngUdi phuc vu eiia cac ngai da budn tdi khdng t h i den dupe". Hdn nQa, d l<br /> ban va sinh song trong tinh hQu nghi vdi thuyet phuc dng ta them, chung tdi yeu cfiu<br /> nhQng nhd vua ciia tfit ca cac dat nQdc dd. ed mpt hoa tieu ngudi Dfing Ngofii de eung<br /> Vi vay, ehiing tdi kfnh xin Quy dQc dng vdi hoa tieu cua chfnh chung tdi thfim sfit<br /> (vien quan) vui long cii cho mpt ngUdi dai lai long sdng.<br /> dipn cdng sdm cang td't ve kinh dd kfnh tfiu<br /> len hofing thupng ve vipe chung tdi den. Vien quan dap: "Chung tdi cd t h i tim<br /> Khi dupe phdp, dodn thuyen eua chung tdi mpt vung do tfiu khfic ben dao DQc vua<br /> (Konings eiland) (19), trong trUdng hpp ndu<br /> chd hfing hda vfi nhQng tfing phfim ciia<br /> qua thiic Ifi chung thfiy Idng sdng qufi ndng<br /> Cong ty dang len hofing thUdng luc dd cd<br /> ddi vdi con tfiu cua chung tdi". Cudi cung<br /> the ngUde ddng sdng. Chung tdi eung thdng<br /> dng dfii tide chung tdi theo phong tuc Dfing<br /> bao vdi vien quan rfing ngai thdng linh eua<br /> Ngofii vfi sau bQa fin chieu, dng mdi t r I u<br /> chung toi d Nhat Ban ra lenh cho chung tdi<br /> (pinang) chung tdi. Ong mdi chung tdi nghi<br /> la phai di cung vdi con tau vao ddng sdng,<br /> lai nhfi cua dng chi mpt dem hdm fiy, chung<br /> nhUng vi tfiu thuyen cua chung tdi chim<br /> tdi dfi kfnh cfin nhfin ldi. Cng ta chfio tQ<br /> khfi sfiu trong nUdc vfi ngay tQ khi mdi den<br /> bipt chiing tdi mdt cfich rfi't kha fii vfi quay<br /> chung tdi da biet long sdng khdng du sfiu,<br /> lai eho nhQng t h u y i n chdo d l lfi'y nhQng<br /> eho nen chung tdi bfit bupc phai d lai vung<br /> vfit dupe tfing mfi dng da d l d dfiy, cd m^t<br /> do khdng td't, ben hdn dao Frakaki. Chung<br /> vien si quan vfi mpt vj qu^ quan canh giQ.<br /> toi ndi them rfing tQ khi chung tdi khdi<br /> NhQng tfing phfim bao gdm:<br /> hanh d Nhat Ban da gdp phai bao td lien<br /> mien va bi mfit ba neo tau va nhieu day kdo - 3,5 aune [1 aune = 1,188m] da dd<br /> day ehfing, vi the khdng dUde chufin bi tdt - hai tfi'm Sarasse (vai hoa mfiu xQ<br /> de chju diing nhQng cdn gid manh. Cdng ty Coromandel - An Dp)<br /> RhOmg thuong nhdn T}d Lan d£u tito... 75<br /> <br /> - hai t i m Salemporis (vai vung Calcutta nhp xuyen tac chung tdi. Cdn thiic ra Ifi<br /> -An Dp) tnidc kia chung tdi cd chien tranh vdi<br /> nhQng ngUdi Trung Qude, sau nhilu hfinh<br /> - hai cai gUdng soi<br /> ddng phan bdi khfic nhau mfi trong dd<br /> Sau dd ft Ifiu, mdt vfii vien si quan trd chung tdi Ifi nhQng nan nhfin, nhUng hipn<br /> lai eho chung tdi vfi thQa Ipnh dng quan, nay cupe chien dd da chfim dQt vfi chung tdi<br /> ndi vdi chiing tdi rfing mdn qufi tfing Ifi ft di khdng cdn Ifim dilu gi tdn hai den nhQng<br /> vfi vi quan mudn tra lai nd vfio sfing ngfiy ngudi Trung Qudc. Nhin chung, ngUdi Hfi<br /> mai. Chung tdi ndi rfing xin quan vui Idng<br /> Lan chi mudn yen dn Ifim fin budn bfin,<br /> nhfin cho nhU mdt d i u hipu kfnh trpng v l<br /> sdng thufin hda vdi cfic nUde ben ngofii, vfi<br /> p h i n t h u y i n trUdng eua con tfiu chiing tdi,<br /> trong mpi trUdng hdp hp phai dung den vu<br /> chQ khdng phai la ve phfa edng ty. Chiing<br /> khf thi sU gay chidn khdng phai Ifi den tQ<br /> tdi them rfing sau dfiy chung toi mudn<br /> phfa hp. Chung tdi ddi xii vdi nhau nhU ban<br /> dupc bieu dng ta mdt mdn qufi tfing nhfin<br /> bd vfi trd v l lfing Giang, ndi chung tdi den<br /> danh cdng ty, khi nhQng quan cai tfiu<br /> vfio luc 6 gid chilu. Ddng nUde dfi ngfin can<br /> (kapados) den vfi con tfiu dUpc bao dam an<br /> ninh. Chung tdi c l u mong dUpe dng ta bao ehiing tdi xudng xa hdn, vfi chung tdi dem<br /> hp d l nhQng ngUdi eiia chung tdi khdng dd bupc phai nghi lai d nhfi ngUdi phien<br /> phai chiu tdn thfi't khi hp gvti hfing hda dich (Nhfit Ban) Guando.<br /> ngUpe len thUdng ngudn cua ddng sdng. - 6 thdng Til. Cfic dng Hartsinek vfi<br /> Lue dd dng ta td ra hfii Idng vfi khong ndi Vincent Romeyn trd v l tfiu Grol. Chiing tdi<br /> ehuypn v l nhQng mdn qufi tfing ciia chung nhfin dupe mpt ldi phue dfip cd lpi ciia vien<br /> tdi nQa. quan. Chung tdi dUde biet rfing nhQng<br /> - 5 thdng TQ. Cac dng Hartsinek vfi ngudi Bd Dfio Nha nfim nay da den Dfing<br /> Vincent Romeyn dap xud'ng cfic thuyen Ngofii vdi 2 thuyen mfinh vfi mpt tfiu budn<br /> hipu Hfi Lan (galiote). Mpt thuyin mfinh<br /> ehdo theo yeu c l u ciia vien quan. Hp hQa se<br /> ldn ehd cfic gifio si - paters jonk - dfi sfin<br /> ed nhQng mdn qufi tfing quan trpng hdn<br /> sfing ehd thufin gid gifing budm di Ma Cao.<br /> ngay khi eon tfiu di vfio trong sdng. Vien<br /> Lp trinh thdng thudng ciia nhQng ngUdi Bd<br /> quan hdi chung tdi rfing lipu cd tinh ed<br /> Dfio Nha Ifi di giQa bd biln Trung Hoa vfi<br /> mang theo ma nfio, san hd dd hofic vfing<br /> dao Hai Nam (Ainam), tQ dd hp tdi cae dao<br /> rdng hay khdng. Chung tdi tra ldi Ifi cd, vfi<br /> Tontio rdi lai tQ dd di Ma Cao.<br /> hdi dng ta rfing ngUdi ta cd t h i bfin nhQng<br /> mdn hfing dd d Dfing Ngofii vdi gifi bao - 7 thdng TQ. Chung tdi mang dfi len tfiu<br /> nhieu. Ong ta tra ldi rfing chi cd nhfi vua vfi d l giQ eho tfiu thfing bfing.<br /> nhQng nhfi quyen quy d trong nUde mdi - 8 thdng TQ. Vien thuyin tnidng ngQdi<br /> mua nhQng mdn dd dd. Ong ta ndi ngUdi ta Dfing Ngofii vfi 3 ngQdi Dfing Ngofii khfic<br /> ddn rfing tren mfit biln chung tdi xua dudi den tfiu de giup chung tdi trong hfinh trinh<br /> ngudi Bd Dfio Nha vfi ngUdi Trung Qudc.<br /> di tdi nhQng dao DQc Vua (Konings<br /> Chiing tdi tra ldi rfing nhQng ngQdi Bd Dfio<br /> Eilanden).<br /> Nha (20) Ifi ke dich ciia chiing tdi vfi da<br /> khdng tQ mpt cd hdi nfio d l vu khdng chung - 9 thdng TQ. Chung tdi giong budm,<br /> tdi ddi vdi cae qudc gia khfic, ludn luon bdi budng neo rdi lai nhd neo. Vl thdi tiet xiu<br /> 76 Rghien curu Lich si!ir. sg 4.2009<br /> <br /> chung tdi budc trd v l eho tha neo ben dao ngdn Guando vfi Striek. Ho dUdc tidp dai fin<br /> Frakaki. c i n vfi biet rfing vi$e chiing tdi ddn da Ifim<br /> nhfi vua rfi't hfii long, vfi ngUdi ta dfi ehd dpi<br /> - 10 thdng TQ. Chung tdi khdng Ifim gi<br /> ca. nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan tQ nfim ngoai, vi<br /> ngudi Bd Dfio Nha dfi loan bao v l dU dinh<br /> - 11 thdng TQ. Chung tdi len dudng vfi eua chung tdi. Hp ludn nhfie lai nhQng ldi<br /> cfim neo d bd biln phfa Tay Nam hdn dao vu khdng quen thupc, xiii bfiy nhfi vua<br /> Sahou, sfiu 10 sai nUde, ehdng lai chung tdi. Thfim chf hp cdn canh<br /> •12-14 thdng TQ. Ngdy 12 thdng TQ bao rfing cd t h i chung tdi cd y dinh am hai<br /> chung tdi giong budm vfi den ngfiy 14 thi nhfi vua, rfing chiing tdi se den yet kiln<br /> tdi vung do d bd bien phfa Tfiy cua hdn dao ngfii cd mang gUdm gifio vfi siing diig, rfing<br /> ldn gpi Ifi dao Hai tfic (Roovers Eiland). chiing tdi di tQ Quinam den dfiy. Tuy nhien<br /> Chung tdi qua ngUdi phien dich Nhfit Ban tfi't ea nhQng ldi ndi nham nhf dd dfi khdng<br /> dupe biet rfing nhQng dai bieu cua nhfi vua tac dpng dUdc tdi nhfi vua nhU hp mong<br /> da tdi, nhQng vi khdng thfi'y ngUdi Hfi Lan muon.<br /> nen hp dfi di tdi lfing Giang d l chi huy - 18 thdng TQ. Dofin dai bilu ciia nhfi<br /> nhQng thuyen e i n thiet eho viec bdc dd vua ra mfit d mot ndi tren bd g i n cho tfiu<br /> hfing hda. Anh ta eho rfing nhQng vien chQc chung tdi dfiu. Hp yeu c l u vien thuyin<br /> dd ed le se trd lai trong hay hay ba ngfiy tdi.<br /> trudng cua chiing tdi hfiy ddn nghe tuyen<br /> Chung tdi tfing cho ehua dao Hai tfic: dpc Ifi thu cua nhfi vua. Cfic dng Hartsinek<br /> vfi Vincent Romeyn bdn rdi tfiu ddn dia<br /> 1. Hai cfii Jackan ldn (fi'm dun nUdc<br /> diem tren dfit liln, ndi ngUdi ta se dpc vfi<br /> Nhat Ban)<br /> giai thfeh Ifi thU. La thU dUdc hilu ^ nhU<br /> 2. Bdn cai Jackan nhd sau:<br /> 3. Mpt binh pha chd kim loai Thu eiia nhfi vua Dfing Ngofii<br /> 4. Sau cfii quat Nhfi vua lfi'y Ifim hfii Idng v l vi^c nhQng<br /> - 15 thdng TQ. Chung tdi ehfing cd vipe ngUdi Hfi Lan den. NhQng dai bilu da dUpe<br /> gi Ifim. cii d l dfin nhQng ngUdi Hfi Lan vfi hfing<br /> hda v l tdi trieu dinh. L i n nfiy, ngUdi ta<br /> - 17 thdng TQ. Chung tdi gifi'u cfi't di 18<br /> khdng khfim xdt con tfiu nhU thudng 1$,<br /> hdm bae de khdi bi tim thfi'y khi khfim xdt<br /> nhUng nhfi vua mudii rfing hp phai trao cho<br /> tfiu.<br /> mpt ban danh muc chfnh xfic v l t i t ca mpi<br /> - Dofin dai bieu da den vdi khoang 16, 17 . vfit phfim chQa tren tfiu, khdng dU«?c gilu<br /> chide thuyen chdo, cd nhipm vu chuyen chd gidm b i t cQ thQ gi.<br /> theo nhQng hfing hda tdi kinh thfinh Ke<br /> Sau dd cfic dai bieu dfi len tfiu, kdm theo<br /> Chd. Hp tha neo d g i n con tfiu vfi mang<br /> mpt so ddng binh si, dieu mfi ehiing tdi cho<br /> theo tren thuyen mpt ngUdi Nhfit Ban<br /> Ifi do nhQng thdng tin ddi trfi ciia ngUdi Bo<br /> thdng thao tieng Dfing Ngofii vfi tieng Bd<br /> Dfio Nha. Trong cudc ndi chuydn, chiing tdi<br /> Dfio Nha (21).<br /> da phfit hi§n ra nguyen cd ciia si^ nghi ky<br /> Cfic dng Hartsinek vfi Vincent Romesm canh gific ciia hp, vfi de ti^ bao v§, chiing tdi<br /> xud'ng cfic thuyin cung vdi hai vien thdng dfi dUa ra ldi giai thfeh thudng tinh. Chiing<br /> RhCmg thuong nhto "^h Lan dau ti^n... 77<br /> <br /> <br /> tdi dfi k l tdi Nhfit Ban, ndi mfi chung tdi da dd chd 620 ta td sd'ng. Chide thuyin mfinh<br /> ed nhQng mdi quan h$ tdt dep nhfit vdi dfi den tQ thfing 11, cdn chide thuyin budm<br /> chinh quyin (22), mfi ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha thi galiote den vfio thang 12 nfim ngofii. Chung<br /> khdng Ifim dUde nhU vfiy, hp dfi bi khoanh tdi tide rfing con tfiu Waterlooge Werve cua<br /> vfio mpt hdn dao r i t nhd. Chung tdi ndi v l chung tdi khdng t h i tdi dUde vi theo hoach<br /> viec budn bfin sau nfiy vdi Dfing Ngofii, vdi dinh, hfin con tfiu cdn dang vUpt trung<br /> nhQng chide tfiu ldn. Chung tdi tQ biet dUdng.<br /> nhau nhu ban bd. NhUng hfing hda dUde<br /> - 22 thdng TQ. Vfio budi chieu, chiing tdi<br /> bdc dd khdi con tfiu.<br /> den Ke Chd, va hQa hpn vdi vien quan vfi<br /> -19 thdng TQ. Vfio lue 9 gid sfing, chung vien cai ba tfiu nhiing dieu tdt dpp, neu nhU<br /> tdi giong budm vdi 10 chide thuyin chfit hp bao dam cho chiing tdi dUde budn ban<br /> diy hang hda ciia Cdng ty vfi cua cfic dai thufin ldi trong xQ. Hp xin chung tdi nhQdng<br /> bilu. Tdi liic mfit trdi Ifin, chung tdi tdi cho hp 2 hdm bac di trao ddi bfing vipe hp se<br /> sdng Coua lacq (23) Ifi ndi chung tdi dang cung cfi'p td eho chung tdi, ndi rfing dd Ifi tyc<br /> dinh den. lp eiia nhQng thUdng nhfin Nhfit Ban ciing<br /> nhu thUdng nhan cfic nUde khfic. Mfic du<br /> - 20 thdng TQ. Tam chide thuyen da tdi chung tdi ehfing lfi'y g^ Ifim thich thu ifim khi<br /> lfing Jansy. Cac bdn bfii chung quanh trdng nhUdng eho hp sd bac, tuy nhien ngUdi ta da<br /> cfi'y tdt tUdi, phong canh ngoan mue. quydt dinh Ifim dieu dd, sau nhieu cupe<br /> thUdng thao. Theo y kien cua ngUdi phien<br /> - 21 thdng TQ. LUC mpt gid ehilu, chung<br /> dich, chung tdi se dUa cho hp 2 hdm bac, vdi<br /> tdi g^p chide thuyen mfinh ehd eac cha ed<br /> dilu kipn Ifi phai cung cfi'p cho chung tdi mpt<br /> (paters jonk) eua ngUdi Bd Dfio Nha vfi mpt<br /> trpng lupng td loai mpt gfi'p 17 Ifin hdn trpng<br /> thuyin mfinh hipu Hfi Lan (galiote), cd mpt<br /> lupng bac (17 fackaer) (24).<br /> thuyin chidn dung mai ehdo cua nhfi vua di<br /> kdm. Chung tdi dUde biet rfing chide thuyen (Cdn nQa)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THtCH<br /> Cfim dn TS. Hoing Anh Tuft'n, TrUcIng (3). ThUdng diS'm dfiu tien cua ngUdi Hfi Lan<br /> DHKHXH&NV da giji y giiip trong vi^c djch mOt t?! Nh4t Ban dfi do Jacques Spex lfip ra nfim<br /> sff tit chuyen m6n . 1609 cl mui Dong Bfic hdn dao Hirado [c6n gpi Ifi<br /> Firado], n^m d 33°22' vi Bfic vfi 129°35' kinh<br /> (1). Djch theo ban djch tifi'ng Phfip cua Geerta:<br /> Dong. Nfim 1641 (ngfiy 21-5), thUdng Ax6m nfiy<br /> Voyage du yacht hollandais "Grol" du Japon au<br /> dU(?c ddi chuyen de'n Nagasaki, tren hon dao nho<br /> Tonkin (31 Janvier 1637, 8 Aout 1637) dfing trong<br /> Deshima.<br /> Revue Indochinoise, t.V.n° 55&56 (1907). Tvit chu<br /> thich (2) trd di Ifi chu thfeh cua Geerts, trii nhOng (4). Santwoort da cl Nhfit Ban 37 nfim, cho d^n<br /> chS ghi them [...] Ifi ciia ngUcli dich. khi con tfiu Grol rdi di Dfing Ngofii.<br /> <br /> (2). Trong ti§'ng Hfi Lan c6' tis "yacht" chi mpt (5). Karel Hartsinek da thfinh lfip d Dfing<br /> tfiu biln, ngfiy nay txi nay c6 nghia Ifi mpt "du Ngofii nfim 1638 thUdng diem Pho Hi^n (Hung<br /> thuydn". Yen), c6 thcli ky ndi nfiy da cfi tdi 3000 nfic nhfi, do<br /> 78 Rghi&n cijru Lich sJr. sg 4.2009<br /> <br /> cac ngUdi Hfi Lan, Anh, Bo Dfio Nha v i Phap. [Quinam d day khong phai Ifi Qui Nhdn, ciing<br /> Ngudi ta cfi ten ciia nhflng vien giam doc thUdng khdng phai Ifi Hul, mfi lft Quang Nam, d dfiy chfnh<br /> die'm nfiy cho den nfim 1700, liic thUdng diem bj lft Hpi An nghia rpng Ifi xU Dftng Trong].<br /> Jacob van Loo tit bo, sau nhieu vy vi$c khfi khfin<br /> (10). Thuc vfty, nhQng nhfi vua Annam vfi<br /> vdi cac quan lai xU Dfing Ngofii. Theo ong<br /> Tongquin dang cfi chien tranh vfio thdi k^ nfiy,<br /> Lesonfach6, mpt trong nhiing vien si quan da<br /> Dilu dfi Ifi mpt bing cU khac chiing to ring cvm tit<br /> nghien cUu ky v l Dfing Ngofii, thi phin cua ngUdi<br /> "nhfi vua xU Quinam" trong cuon nhfit k^ hfinh<br /> Hfi Lan d tren dilm ciia Sd t u i n ty Phu Ly, khu<br /> trinh Ifi muon snfii tdi nhfi vua Annam.<br /> dfi't ciia hp d each xa mpt chiit chan tang nui da voi<br /> cfi thfinh thing ddng [nhfin dinh nfiy khong phii (11). Hdn dao nfiy chfic h i n phai lft dao<br /> h(?p vdi nhflng nghien cUu ciia G.Dumoutier sau Boissieux d vfio khoang 17o49' vi Bfic, diing Ifi nim<br /> nfiy] nhiing lai buon di lai vdi cac mien xa trong d quang giiia hai miii dfi't ciia mui Bon hay Vpng ki<br /> xU, nhu da cdn de lai nhQng ten khfic tren nhiJng hao kfio dfii ra. Ngudi ta biet r i n g miii dfi't nfiy Ifi<br /> tang da 6 nhilu ndi tren thupng luu song Hong vfi dilm chfit cua bien gidi giiia Dfing Trong vfi Dfing<br /> nhft't Ifi 6 2 ben bd song Day, ndi cdn mpt tang da Ngofii, gin dfi Ifi con dudng ldn ciia d l quoc Annam<br /> khfic chii Baron 1680 vfi Vischer 1678. di qua nhiing ndi cUc k^ nfing bong dUpc cfic phfio<br /> dfti nhd bao v§. (Xem trong Revue de Geographic s6<br /> (6). Thdi ky nfiy ngudi Hfi Lan da cfi mpt thfing 10-11/1880 bfii bao cua TS. Maget nhan dl:<br /> thUdng diem tren bd biln phfa tay dao Formose. "Nghien cUu to'ng quat v l xU Dfing Ngofii".<br /> ThUdng diS'm nfiy cfi ten Ifi Tayouwan hoftc phao<br /> dfii Zelandia. (12). Chic chin day Ifi mpt trong nhQng ndi bo<br /> neo d bd biln phfa tay hdn dao ldn Cfic-bfi, hdn dao<br /> (7). Dudi day ngudi ta sg thft'y r^ng ngudi Hfi<br /> tren loi vfio Ciia Cfi'm, ciia biln dl vfio nhft't ciia<br /> Lan gpi thfinh pho Hul^ Ifi Quinam [thi^c ra<br /> song Hong, ngfiy nay vin cdn. Hon dao ho§c nhQng<br /> Quinam Ifi Quang Nam, tiic Hpi An].<br /> hdn dao Sahou mfi ngUdi ta nfii din trong nh$t ky<br /> (8). Turon hay Touran chfic chfin phai lft r6 rftng lft nhiing dao Norway ngfty nay.<br /> Tourane (Ciia Hfin = Dfi Ning). Ngudi ta biit ring<br /> (13). Ten gpi Giang d dfiy cfi nghia Ifi song. CiJta<br /> Tourane Ifi viing dfiu dpp nhfi't nim g^iiia bd biln<br /> phfa Bfic ciia song Hong nfii din 6 dfiy hi§n nay cfi<br /> phfa dong ciia ban dao Dong DUdng, cfich H u l 15<br /> ten lft Ciia Cft'm.<br /> d$m v l phfa Dong Nam. Dja diem nfiy thang 8-<br /> 1858 dfi bj mpt dpi qufin Phap - Tfiy Ban Nha do [Gidi sii hpc Vi§t Nam ngfiy nay cho ring ciia<br /> bp len danh chiem, theo m$nh l^nh cua do d6c sdng nfiy Ifi cvta Thai Binh]<br /> Rigault de Genouilly.<br /> (14). Dilu dfi chiing to ring cho din Iiic dfi<br /> (9). Ten gpi Quinam nhft't thilt phai nfii vl mpt ngudi Nhftt Ban vin tu do budn bfin vdi Dftng<br /> dia diem trong vdng vjnh Tourane hay cl lan cftn Ngofii, ciing nhu nhQng chUng cQ cua nhQng do^n<br /> vdi vdng nfiy mfi khong phai Ifi Quy Nhdn, ndi nfiy trfch din tU nhQng cudn sach ciia Nh$t Ban nfii vl<br /> each 70 dfim vl phfa Nam (Qui Nhdn da bj nUdc vft'n dl nfiy mfi chiing toi se cung eft'p d ben dudi<br /> Phap chiem tit hda udc 1874. Va l?i kinh do ciia Sic l^nh nghigm khic ciia chfnh quyin M^c phu<br /> Annam liic dfi ciing nhU bfiy gid Ifi Hul, chi each nfim 1633, cfi'm nhQng ngudi Nhftt vdi t§i danh tii<br /> mpt vfii dfim ve phfa Dong Bfic Tourane. Do dfi, ten hinh, khdng dU