Optimal viewing angles of intraoperative fluoroscopy for detecting screw penetration in proximal humeral fractures: A cadaveric study

To identify the optimal viewing angles for every proximal screw in PHILOS plate-fixed proximal humeral fractures. Methods: Three fresh-frozen human cadaveric bodies with six intact shoulders were studied. All three bodies were put in the beach chair position and PHILOS plates were placed on the proximal humerus. Head screws penetrating 1 mm into the joint were fitted one by one.