Phân bố của trứng cá và cá bột cá cơm sọc xanh ở vùng nước trồi phía Việt Nam trong các mùa khác nhau

Tieu ban: TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT BI^N VA N G U 6 N LOI 303<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> PHAN BO CUA TRLTNG CA VA CA B O T CA COM SOC XANH O<br /> VUNG NUrOC TROI PHIA NAM VIET NAM<br /> TRONG CAC MUA KHAC NHAU<br /> <br /> Vo Van Quang va Tran Thj Le Van<br /> Vi^n Hdi duang hpc, Viin Khoa hpc vd Cong nghi Viit Nam<br /> <br /> <br /> L M O DAU<br /> Hf thdng nude trdi ddng gdp chinh trong sin lupng nghe ci ciia the gidi, chilm 25,1% ting<br /> sin lupng c i khai thic d bien frong giai doan 1985-1991 (Pauly and Christensen, 1995). Qui<br /> trinh nude trdi kich thich cic din c i Com sinh sin thdng qua cic die trung hii duong, sinh hpc<br /> va mdi trudng, su khic nhau ve die trung ve mdi trudng v i ning suit sinh hpc giira cic khdi<br /> nude d cic dp siu khic nhau, nhit li ning suit sinh hpc sa cip vi cic yfu td mdi trudng sdng<br /> thuin lgi d ldp nude mat. Tuy nhien mdi quan hf niy khdng phii li mpt dudng thing, cudng dp<br /> nude trdi d mirc trung binh thich hgp cho su sinh sin cua ci bd m? v i uong dudng c i bpt<br /> (Cowan and Shaw, 2002). Cac qui trinh mdi frudng v i sinh hpc viing nude trdi cd vai trd quan<br /> frpng den sy sdng sdt v i bd sung cua giai doan diu ciia ci vio quan thf.<br /> Viing nude frdi nam ngoii khai khu vuc Nam Trung Bp da dugc ghi nhan vio miia gid Tay<br /> Nam vi da dugc nhieu tic gii nghifn cim ve pham vi, die diem cua nd (Wyrtki, 1961; La Van<br /> Bii cS: Vd Van Linh, 1997; Dippner et al., 2007...).<br /> Ci Cam spc xanh la loii ci nhd sdng ven bd cd sin lugng khai thic kha ldn, li mgt trong<br /> nhirng loii ci bien cd gia frj k^inb tf, chiing dugc che bien thinh nude mim, phai khd hoac in<br /> tuai. Theo Nguyen Vin Lyc (1997) loai c i Com spc xanh cd sin lugng kha ldn d cic dia<br /> phuang gin vimg nude trdi Nha Trang, Phan Rang, Phan Ri, Phan Thiet.<br /> Ket qui bai bio phan tich su phin bd trimg c i vi ci bpt vf mat khdng gian va thdi gian v i<br /> nhting gii djnh ve sy van chuyfn c i hot ciia chiing dudi tic dpng cua qui trinh thuy dpng lyc<br /> khu vuc lim phong phii them ve y nghTa nude frdi ddi vdi ngudn lgi thiiy sin ndi chung vi ci<br /> ndi rieng, cung nhu qui trinh bd sung quan din ciia ci frong hf sinh thii nay d vimg bifn Nam<br /> Trung Bg.<br /> <br /> n . PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ<br /> Tien hinh thu miu tren vimg bifn Nam Trung Bp, tir Phii Yen den Binh Thuan, trong 4<br /> chuyin cua chuang trinh hgp tic Vift Nam - Dire; vio thing 7/2003 (VG 3), 4/2004 (VG 4),<br /> 7/2004 (VG 7) v i 03/2005 (VG8). Khu vyc lya chpn phin tich nim trong khung (hinh 1).<br /> Thu thap mlu bing 2 loai ludi: Ludi ting mat: cd dang hinh chdp tii giac, dimg vdt mau d<br /> ting mat. Mifng ludi hinh chir nhit: cd chieu dii 90cm, rpng 56cm, difn tich mifng ludi 0,5m .<br /> Chieu dii toan bd li 269cm. Dimg vii ludi sd 22 (1cm chieu dii cd 21-22 Id, 1cm" cd 460 Id<br /> mit ludi), kich thudc mdi mat ludi la 330p.m. Ludi dugc keo frfn ting mat vdi van tdc 2 - 4km/<br /> gid. Mdi me ludi thu mau deu cd gin luu tdc ke fren mifng ludi de tinh the tich nude qua ludi.<br /> Ludi thing dimg. cd mifng hinh frdn, dudng kinh 80cm, kich thudc mdi mit ludi li 500|im, keo<br /> tir 100m hoac diy len mat.<br /> 304 Tuyen tap Hpi nghi K H O A HOC T O A N Q U O C V E SINH HOC B I ^ N V A P H A T T R | £ N B g N VU'NG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Phan loai trimg ci va ca bdt ci Cam spc xanh dua tren tii lieu ciia Leis and Carson- Ewart<br /> (2000), Ozawa and Tsukahara( 1986), Nguyen Htru Phung (1978), Delsman (1931).<br /> Luu trtr sd lifu vi thdng ke sa bp bing phan mem Excel, the hifn hifu do bing phin mem<br /> Surfer.<br /> <br /> <br /> 4. V-':<br /> y-'J^ I! 13 .. V . ,,2*1 III3 M<br /> .j''-^r • • •<br /> .,"V^ ''-^'.' *<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> E^i rji 7i iS ijs iTo<br /> Vg7<br /> ill i^Ti iS iJT<br /> m]<br /> Hinh 1. So' dd cac vi tri tram thu m l u<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> III. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU VA THAO LUAN i<br /> i<br /> 1. Phan bo trirng ca va ca bot vao thdi ky miia gio Tay Nam<br /> Vio thing 7/2003 (VG 3), frimg ci xuit hien tai cic vi tri ven bd nhu tram 41 & 51, ci bpt<br /> ngoai khu vuc tap trung d ven bd gidng nhu trirng ci chimg cdn xuit hifn mat dp khi cao d khu •<br /> vuc ngoii khai li tram 13. Cic khu vuc khic dfu cd mat dp rat thip (hinh 2).<br /> Ti4u ban; TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT BI^N VA N G U O N LOI 305<br /> <br /> <br /> Vao thing 7/2004 (VG 4), trirng ci cung cd xu hudng phan bo viing ven bd giong nhu vao<br /> thing 7/2003 d khu vuc c i tram: 41, 42 va 62. 63. Ca bot cung cd moi lien he vdi trirng ci d t i n a<br /> mat. nhung d ludi thing dirng cho thiy ci hot lai xuat hien tir 10- 30 con/I OOm^d cic tram ngoai<br /> khai 55, 56 vi 65 (hinh 3).<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> .-':i.':0 X<br /> '<br /> 3-<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> N<br /> <br /> liis'E 106<br /> - 1<br /> =<br /> 107<br /> 9<br /> <br /> 1<br /> '<br /> 2ti »<br /> <br /> <br /> -<br /> :<br /> '<br /> 106<br /> 5<br /> 1<br /> W<br /> 1<br /> 8 .<br /> 1C9<br /> t--BHe<br /> " ^ g z<br /> 11<br /> '<br /> 1 £'£ lOC<br /> • i 11 U<br /> ICr IC3 iC-3<br /> i-f<br /> B<br /> <br /> Hinh 3. Phan bd trung ca vk ca bgt ca Co-m sgc xanh vao thang 7/2004: A: ludi ting mat;<br /> B: ludi thing du'ng (diem la tru'ng ca va dudng ddng la cc bdt)<br /> <br /> <br /> 2. Phan bo trung ca va ca hot vao thdi ky chuven miia<br /> Trong thing 4/2004 (VG 4), trimg ci tip trung dpc theo cic tram ven bd nhu 41, 51 vi 62,<br /> nhung c i bdt xuat hien d cic tram ngoii khai li tram 55 vi 66 (hinh 4).<br /> 306 Tuyen tSp HOi nghi KHOA HOC T O A N Q U O C V t SINH HOC B I £ N V A P H A T TRifeN B^N VCfNG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Vao thing 3/2005 (VG 8), trimg ci ciing cd xu hudng phan bo dpc theo ven bd (cac fram<br /> 21, 31, 41, 51 va 62), ca bpt cd mat dp rat thap, xuit hien ven bd vi d cic tram 42 vi 52 xa bd<br /> ban frong ludi thing diing (hinh 5).<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> n-<br /> \ • • ' >'' ^ ' V ><br /> <br /> <br /> - Carrftijchia . ./ i r*"' • f-. • ' T*<br /> <br /> r - ..•' ..'-. '' ^ " ^ ' X , A*rthTf«^|<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> M-<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 10-<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> P"; '"i;^^ • 10 »<br /> 1- L- S''''''^ 0 30-30<br /> ^ • ^ ^ 0 ».«0 „-i0Um-3<br /> T "1 " 1 S 1 S 1 S 1' g mit^a^am<br /> g g g<br /> 3^ io£*e 106 107 i6e 109 no 1 1<br /> <br /> B<br /> <br /> Hinh 4. Phan bd trirng cd va ca bgt ca Ccrm sgc xanh vao thang 4/2GL04: A: lu>6i ting m^t;<br /> B: ludi thing du>ng (diem la trirng cd va dudng ddng Id ca bpt)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1 - 1 i I I l-i<br /> ^ *^ H S S ?7<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> B<br /> Hinh 5. Phan bd trunp cd vd ca bpt ca Ccrm sgc xanh vao thang 3/2005: A: lu'd'l ting m?t;<br /> B: thdng dii-ng (dl4m la tru'ng ca va du'dng ddng la cd bgt)<br /> <br /> 3. Thao luan<br /> Dya vio kft qui thu dugc vio hai thdi ky gid miia khic nhau cho thay ring, mat do trimg<br /> ci vi ci bpt khi cao trong miia gid Tiy Nam (thing 7); thdi ky cd nude troi hoat dpng manh, d<br /> cic thing niy van tdc vi cudng dp gid cung cd the khac nhau timg nam, do do boat dpng nude<br /> frdi cung khic nhau. Qui trinh nude trdi viing bifn niy cdn dugc ghi nhin ca vao thing chuyen<br /> Tieu ban: TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT BI^N VA N G U O N LO'I 307<br /> <br /> <br /> miia (thing 4/2004) vdi cudng dp yeu, dong thdi nd cdn chju tic ddng ciia khoi nude tir sdng Me<br /> Kdng (Voss et al., 2006). Ngugc lai vio cac thing chuyen miia mat dp frirng c i v i ca bpt cd xu<br /> hudng thip ban, nhat li vio thing 3/2005, tuy nhien vao thing 7/2003 mat dp trimg ca tuong doi<br /> thip (hinh 6), theo ket qui phin tich ciia Dippner vi cpng su (2007) thi nim 2003 li nim cd hifn<br /> tugng El Nifio yeu vdi nhift dp nude tang mat voing bien Ddng khi cao di inh hudng den cudng<br /> dp nude trdi (hinh 8), hifu ung nude frdi trong thing 7/2003 cdn yeu hon frong nim 4/2004<br /> (Voss et al., 2006). Theo Lf Trpng Phin v i Nguyfn Vin Luc (1991) miia vy sinh sin cua gidng<br /> ci Com cd hai dinh chinh li thing 3-5 vi thing 9-11. Vd Van Quang v i Trin Thi Le Van (2005)<br /> khi khio sit mat dp trimg c i loai c i Cam spc xanh trong vinh Nha Trang ciing thay miia de tir<br /> thing 3-5 vi thing 9-11; tuang img vdi cac thing cic mat dp trung c i cao. Tir ket qui cho thay<br /> ring khu vyc nude trdi cd mat dp trung ci va ca bpt cua loii ci Com spc xanh khi cao, tir dd cd<br /> the thiy ring, nude trdi vdi cic dieu kifn mdi frudng v i sinh hpc thuan lgi da kich thich ci de<br /> frimg vio miia niy. Ket qui niy li ca sd de dinh gii vai trd va y nghTa nude frdi ddi vdi su sinh<br /> sin cua ci, nd cung phii hgp vdi nhin djnh ciia Nguyfn Huu Phung (1997) vf qui trinh nude frdi<br /> da kich thich them mpt dinh sinh sin nti^a ddi vdi ci. Sy tic dpng ciia nude trdi den mirc dp de<br /> frimg, bai de ciia c i bd me v i phin bd cua trimg c i vi ci bpt cd thf xe djch ve mat khdng gian;<br /> tuy nhien xu hudng chung cho thiy bii de ciia loii c i Cam spc xanh tap trung dii ven bd, cdn ci<br /> bpt tap trung d cic khu vyc tucmg ddi khac nhau. Sy phan bd tip trung ciia trimg ci hay bai de<br /> cua ci bd m? d ven bd li phii hgp vdi ket qui phan tich ciia Vd Van Quang v i Trin Thj Le Vin<br /> (2008) vf phan bd frimg c i loai ca Cam spc xanh tir Khinh Hoi den B i Rja-Vung Tau.<br /> <br /> <br /> 60<br /> 60<br /> n ish egg • fish egg i<br /> 50 • fish larval •;.-:<br /> <br /> 50 • fish larval -<br /> <br /> <br /> 40 40<br /> <br /> <br /> o30 30 4<br /> o<br /> <br /> 20<br /> ^-: 20<br /> <br /> <br /> • F\' -<br /> :^;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> J<br /> 10<br /> 10<br /> -] h li 'Ui<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> VG3 VG4 VG8<br /> VG3 VG4 VG7 VG8 Cruise<br /> <br /> B<br /> <br /> Hinh 6. So sanh mat dp tru'ng ca va ca bdt d cac chuyin khao sat A: ludi ting mat; B:<br /> thing du'ng<br /> Su xuat hifn c i bpt vdi mat dp cao d vimg ngoii khcri cd thf la do tic dpng ciia ddng chiy<br /> vi qui trinh phin tin cua trung ci. Hudng ddng chiy v i van tdc ddng chiy cd le ddng vai trd<br /> quan frpng trong su van chuyen vi phin tin ci bpt. Sy van chuyen vi phan tin cd y nghTa nhit<br /> dinh frong vifc dua c i bpt den cic khu vuc uang dudng cd dieu kifn sdng thich hgp cho phit<br /> trifn con non. Kdt qui niy dat ra ciu hdi vf tie dgng qui trinh van chuyen len su bd sung ciia<br /> 308 Tuy^n tap Hpi nghi KHOA HOC T O A N Q U 6 C V E SINH HOC B | £ N V A P H A T T R | £ N B £ N VLfNG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> con non nhu the nao; dong thdi cCing thay dugc sy can thiet phii phin tich cic yeu td mdi<br /> rrudng. co' sd thirc an va bai uong dudng cua chiing.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> .VlJlrt<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 7. Phan bd nhiet dp trung binh ("C) thing 7 cac nam 1998-2003 viing bien Ddng<br /> (theo Dippner et al., 2007) (Dir lifu ngudn: http://www.remss.com/tmi/tmi_description.html)<br /> <br /> IV. NHAN XET<br /> Trirng ca tap trung d cac fram khu vuc ven bd Ninh Thuan - Khinh Hda, mat dp trimg c i va<br /> ca bpt loai c i Com spc xanh khi cao vao thing 7. Tir do cho thiy bai de loii c i n i y frong khu ;•<br /> virc la \-iintz \'cn bd. '<br /> Tieu ban: TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT BlEN VA N G U O N LOI 309<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ca bpt tap trung phan bo ngoai khu vuc ven bd nhu trirng ca, no con xuat hien vdi mat dp<br /> cao d vimg ngoai khai. Nude trdi khu vyc Nam Trung Bp cd the da tao nen dinh sinh sin nira<br /> cua loai ci Cam spc xanh sdng trong viing bien nay.<br /> <br /> V. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO<br /> 1. La Vin Bai va Vo Van Linh, 1997. Die diem phin bo va cau true nhift mudi viing nude trdi<br /> manh. Tuyen tap Nghien ciru viing nude troi Nam Trung Bp, trang 39-46.<br /> 2. Lc Trpng Phan vi Nguyen Vin Luc, 1991. Die diem sinh hpc gidng ca Cam Stolephorus d<br /> viing bien ven bd Viet Nam. Tuyen tap Nghien ciru Bien. Ill, trang 51 - 58.<br /> 3. Nguyen Vin Lyc, 1997. Mpt vii die trung sinh hpc ci bien viing nude troi manh Nam<br /> Trung Bp. Tuyfn tip Nghien ciru viing nude troi Nam Trung Bp, trang 192-203.<br /> 4. Nguyen Htru Phung, 1978. Trirng ci Com (Anchoviella) d ven bien Quing Ninh - Hii<br /> Phdng. Tuyen tip Nghien ciru Bien. Tip 1. Phan I, trang 175 - 189.<br /> 5. Nguyen Htru Phung, 1997. Trirng c i vi C i bdt viing nude trdi manh Nam Trung Bp. Tuyen<br /> tap Nghien ciru viing nude trdi Nam Trung Bp, trang 156-165.<br /> 6. Vd Vin Quang vi Tran Thi Le Vin, 2005. Bien dpng mat dp trirng ca ciia loii ci Com spc<br /> xanh Stolephorus zollingeri (Bleeker, 1849) d viing bien vinh Nha Trang - Khinh Hda.<br /> Tap Chi Khoa hpc vi Cdng nghf Bien. Phu truang sd 4(5), trang 129-138.<br /> 7. Vd Van Quang vi Trin Thj Le Vin, 2007. Phin bd trirng ci loii ci Com spc xanh<br /> (Encrasicholina punclifer) a vimg bien Khanh Hda den Ba Rja Vung Tau. Hpi nghj Khoa<br /> hpc "Bien Dong - 2007", Vien Hii duang hpc (Nha Trang), trang 425-432.<br /> 8. Bailey K. M. and E. D. Houde, 1989. Predation on eggs and larvae of marine fishes and the<br /> recruitment problem. Advances in Marine Biology. Vol. 25. p 1-83.<br /> 9. Cowan, J. H. Jr. and R. F. Shaw, 2002. Recruitment. Chapter 4. in "'Fishery Science: The<br /> Unique Contributions of Early Life Stages" edited by L. A. Fuiman and R. G. Werner.<br /> Blackwell Science: 88-111.<br /> 10. Delsman H.C., 1931. Fish eggs and larvae from the Java sea. 17. The genus Stolephorus,<br /> Treubia, 13 (3): 217-243.<br /> 11. Dippner J. W., Vinh N. K., H. Hein, T. Ohde . N. Loick, 2007. Monsoon-induced upwelling<br /> off the Vietnamese coast. Ocean Dynamics 57; 46-62<br /> 12. Leis J. M. & B. M. Carson-Ewart, 2000. The Larvae of Indo - Pacific Coastal Fishes. Fauna<br /> Maiesiana Handbook 2, Netherlands, pp. 82-87.<br /> 13. Ozawa T. and H. Tsukahara, 1986. On the occurrence of the Engraulid fish, Stolephorus<br /> hitccaneeri Strasburg, in the oceanic region of the Equatorial western Pacific. In "Studies on<br /> the oceanic ichthyoplankton in the western north pacific" edited by Ozawa. Kyushu<br /> University press, pp. 8-28.<br /> 14. Pauly, D. and V. Christensen. 1995. Priman,' production required to sustain global fisheries.<br /> Nature (374): 255-257<br /> 15. Smith P. E., 1981. Fisheries on coastal pelagic schooling fish. In Marine fish larvae: Marine<br /> fish larvae: morphology, ecology, and relation to fisheries, (Lasker R. editor). Washing sea<br /> grant program, p. 1-31.<br /> 16. Voss M.,D. Bombar, N. Loick, and J. W. Dippner, 2006. Riverine influence on nitrogen<br /> fixation in the upwelling region off Vietnam, South China Sea. Geophysical Research<br /> Letters. Vol. 33. L07604: 1-4.<br /> 310 Tuyln tjp H(>\ nghj KHOA HOC TOAN QU6C Vfe SINH HQC BifeN VA P H A T T R I ^ N B £ N VCTNG<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 17. Wyrtki K., 1961. Physical Oceanography of the Southeast Asian Waters. NAGA Report,<br /> Vol. 2. La Jolla, Cahfomia. 195pp.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE DISTRIBUTION OF RED ANCHOVY FISH EGG AND LARVAL IN<br /> UPWELLING WATERS IN SOUTHERN VIETNAM IN VARIABLE<br /> SEASONALITY<br /> <br /> Vo Van Quang and Tran Thi Le Van •a<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> SUMMARY 3<br /> <br /> The distribution of fish egg and larval of small pelagic - red anchovy is variable in July<br /> 2003, April 2004, July 2004 and March 2005 in upwelling waters. The former results on<br /> biological reproduction of anchvy (genus Stolephous) showed that there are two spawning peak<br /> of red anchovy being from March - May and September - November annually for Vietnam<br /> waters. The upwelling process marked responses of red anchovy adult which released the eggs in<br /> the sfrong upwelling period (June - August) through many oceanography features that structure<br /> the pelagic environment and markedly influence rate of biological productivity (e. g.,<br /> phytoplankton, zooplankton). The fish egg of red anchovy are the most abundant density in<br /> season southwest monsoon (Jul. 2003 & 2004). Although the difference between the climatic<br /> means during all seasons, a clear tendency exists with high density of fish egg in spawning<br /> ground of inshore waters (station: 41, 42, 51, 52, 62, and 63). The upwelling process induces<br /> more a spawning peak in this area that provides favourable conditions for spawning. The<br /> distriburion of larval is differing in comparison with egg that demonsfrates the influence of<br /> circulation of area through diffusion, fransport and retention, it will affect to recruitment process<br /> of red anchovy population. 'I<br /> <br /> il<br /> <br /> Zl<br />