lilMI Tifi YA ilVAS ht<br />
<br />
PHUdNG Hl/dNG HOAN THIEN<br />
^<br />
CHINH SACH THl/dNG MAI XUAT NHAP KHAU HANG HOA<br />
TRQNG GIAI DOAN 2011 - 2020<br />
Pham Minh Bat<br />
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Ngaynhin: 11/11/2011 Ma so: 1.QLNN<br />
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TCl khoa: Chfnh sich thUdng m^i, xuit khiu hing hda, thUdng m^i xuit khiu, xuit khiu hing hoa g<br />
doan 2011 2020, chinh sich xuit khiu<br />
<br />
^ au 25 nim ddi mdi vi md ciia nen kinh te, ITnh vi/c thudng mai ndi chung vi xuit nhip khiu nc<br />
€^ ridng dat dUdc mdt su ting tn/dng m^nh me, nhieu thinh tuu to Idn. Tuy nhidn cung cdn nhiSi<br />
tdn tai vi thich thiic gay git trdn con dudng phit then ben vOng. De co mdt nen kinh tephat triin n/ian)<br />
va ben vOng thi tiing nginh, tiing ITnh viic deu phai phin diu theo cung muc tidu chung dd. 2011 - 2021<br />
li giai doan phit then ddi hoi nhieu thay ddl ve chit, vi viy dmh hudng phat triin bin vOng cho ITnh w/i<br />
xui't nhip khau vi thUdng mai ndi chung li diing dan vi cd y nghTa quan trong trong vide hoac^ djn<br />
chinh sach phit trid'n.<br />
<br />
1. Khai nif m chfnh sach thUdng mai va chfnh phdn dupe Chfnh phu thdng qua de dgt dUdc si<br />
thUdng mai xuat nhgp kha'u hang hoa md cQa thi trudng hpp phap cho cac doanh nghiep<br />
Chfnh sdch thuong mgi Id khdi nidm da dUde trong nude.<br />
nhieu tdi lidu khoa hpc chuydn nganh de edp vd - Cdch tiep efn chfnh sach thudng mgi nay phii<br />
lam sang td. ddng thdi cung ed nhieu d|nh nghTa hpp vdi chidn lUde phat tridn thUdng mgi cua cac<br />
khac nhau trong cde van ban phdp quy eua Vidt qudc gia theo xu hudng tg do hda thgdng m?i •<br />
Nam hodc eac quy dmh qudc te. Sg khac nhau d|ch vg hodc cdc ngdc phdt tridn dang tim kiem<br />
can ban nhat va'n ehi tdp trung trong nf i hdm cua cdc hif p dinh thgdng mgi tg do vdi cac nudc phai<br />
thudt ngO "chfnh sdch" vd "thQdng mgi" Trong trien de dgpc hudng uu dai va tiep cdn th| trudng<br />
phgm vi bdi vidt ndy. chung tdi khdng di sdu bdn thufn Ipi.<br />
ludn ve ndi hdm eua khai nidm ehinh sdch thUdng Hai Ta, chfnh sach thudng mgi dupc khai nS im<br />
mgi md chi dua ra 2 khdi nifm thudng dUfc vfn li tdng thi cic quan diim tu tudng, cic muc fieu,<br />
dgng phd bien hlfn nay: nhQng phUdng thtic hinh ddng ca ban de t^o /#<br />
Mdt la, chfnh sdch thuong mgi dupe hid'u la m^t mdi tnidng thUdng m^i phu hdp nham thOc dij<br />
hd thdng chinh sich hoin chinh bao gdm cic lu$t phit triin kinh te- xa hdi cOa qudc gia theo diiii<br />
Id, quy dinh, hidp Udc qud'c te vi cic quan diem hudng chiin lupe da dUdc xic lip trong ttsng tti<br />
dim phin dUdc Chinh phii thdng qua di dat dUdc ky. Theo each tiep cdn. mdt chfnh sach thUdng<br />
su md ciia thi trudng hdp phip cho cic doanh mgi ehu ydu bao gdm:<br />
nghidp trong nudc. Cd 2 diem mau chdt cua khai - Cac quan diem, tu tudng phat trien kinh te cua<br />
nidm ndy: qudc gia phai dU0c the hifn trong chinh sacli<br />
Thanh phan chfnh eua eac chfnh sach thUdng thuong mgi cua Chinh phu.<br />
mgi trong trudng hpp ndy Id sg dai ngf Toi huf<br />
qudc. Hidp Udc qudc te vd cdc quan diem ddm * Trudng Dai hgc Thuang mai<br />
KHOA HpC<br />
20 ThilDfng M a i So 45/2<br />
;^BLI]SH Ti: YA ^VAN LY^<br />
<br />
- Mue tidu bao trum eua chfnh sdch thuong mai bdn phd gia, thue, trp cap xuat khd'u vd khu chd<br />
suy cho cung Id tgo mdi trudng cho kinh te vd bien xuat khd'u. ehi dan xua't xQ vd mdi trudng.<br />
thUdng mgi phdt trien, bao vd dupc thj trudng npi Ngodi ra cdn cd nhieu d|nh ehe eua quoc gia cd<br />
dia va Ipi fch qudc gia nhung van dam bao cde tde ddng quan trpng tdi hoat ddng thUdng mai, vf<br />
nguydn tac eua hpi nhap va eac cam kd't qud'c te. du nhu nhOng djnh che lidn quan tdi van de thdng<br />
Chinh sdch thuong mgi bao gdm hang logt quan, cde tidu chud'n san phd'm, tai chi'nh va mar-<br />
quy tac dupe dmh ehe hda, nhQng phQdng thQc sQ keting xud't khd'u. Trdn binh didn qudc te, cac d|nh<br />
dung nham khuyen khich md rdng trao dd'i, budn che WTO vd nhOng thda thudn hfi nhdp trong khu<br />
ban, duy tri mQc dp md cQa thi trQdng phu hpp vdi vgc anh hgdng vide sQ dung nhQng ehinh sach<br />
cae tfnh todn chien lupe da lga chpn. thUdng mgi d mdt mQc dd Idn.<br />
TQ ede khdi nidm trdn cd the hid'u chfnh sdch 2. Thgc trang chfnh sach thUdng mai xua't<br />
thUdng mai xuat nhdp khd'u hang hda vdi v| the Id nhfp khau hang hoa cua Vift Nam giai doan<br />
mpt bp phdn chu yeu cua chfnh sach thuong mgi 2001 2010<br />
la: mdt loai hinh cdng cu quan ly nhi nudc the Thanh tUu:<br />
hidn thii do, quan diem, muc tieu, nguydn tic, TQ chd" dmh hQdng thay the nhap khd'u da<br />
cdng cu ma Chi'nh phii vi cic bd, nginh, dia tQng bQdc chuyen sang hudng manh ve xuat<br />
phUdng dmh hudng, khuyen khich, hd'trd (hdp khd'u vd ket hpp vdi thay the nhdp khd'u. Thu<br />
thiic, hii hda) va kiem soat miic dd tinh cha't "md" tudng Chfnh phu da ra Chi thj sd 22/2000/CT-<br />
ciia thl trudng qudc gia vao cic thi trudng nudc TTg ngdy 27/10/2000 ve Chien luoe phat trid'n<br />
ngoii, thr trudng qudc te vi tien tdi thi tnidng the xuat nhdp khau hang hda va d|eh vg thdi ky den<br />
gidi nham tin dung cic idi the so sinh ddng de 2010. Ndi dung cua chi th| da khang dmh rd:<br />
phit trid'n chieu siu sin xuat hudng ve xuit khau Chien lupe phdt trid'n xuat nhdp khd'u hdng hda<br />
vi kiem soat, thay the nhap khau trong giai doan vd d|eh vu thdi ky 2001 2010, nhat la xuat kha'u<br />
hidn nay. phai Id Chien lupe tang tde todn didn trdn nhieu<br />
Ve nguyen ly, tinh chat eua ehinh sach thUdng ITnh vgc, phai ed nhQng khdu dot pha vdi budc di<br />
mai xuat nhgp khau la chfnh sdch qudc te hda cdp vQng chac. Mgc tidu hanh ddng eua thdi ky nay<br />
san xuat va san pham cua doanh nghidp eho - th| la tiep tue ehu truong danh uu tidn cao de xuat<br />
trudng xuat khau va "dp md". mQc tg do hda khd'u; gdp phan giai quyet vide lam cho xa hpi.<br />
thgong mgi eua thj trudng nganh kinh doanh vdi tao ngudn dg trQ ngogi td, dap Qng ydu cau cdng<br />
san xuat vd san pham nude ngodi vdi th| trudng nghidp hda. hidn dgi hda; nhanh chdng thu hep<br />
trong nude theo hUdng tang eUdng chat lupng vd khoang cdch phat trid'n kinh te giQa nude ta vd<br />
hidu qua xuat nhdp khd'u cho cac thdnh vidn kdnh cdc nude trong khu vgc.<br />
xuat nhap khd'u trong nude xac dinh. Chfnh sdch xuat nhdp khd'u hang hda da tiep<br />
Chinh sdch nay giup md rpng giao luu budn cdn dan vd da tQng bQdc dga theo cac tidu chud'n<br />
ban qudc te theo hudng da phUOng hda, da dgng vd nguydn tac quoc te. nhat la cac quy dmh cua<br />
fida, trdn co sd tdn trpng dpc lap ehu quyen, binh WTO. Cd Id trinh eat giam thue quan va dd bd<br />
(3a'ng cung ed Ipi, khuyen khfch mpi thanh phan hang rdo phi thue quan theo cam ket gia nhdp<br />
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