Nciiitiieii-nMaii s<br />
Qtian ll( chuSi cmg ^ng hiiu ma<br />
|iai phap oang cao Ui the canh tianh cho Ioanh nghiep<br />
• ThS. NGd T m m/OiNG GIANG thdnh mpt trong nhdng khd trong khi vdn thod mdn nhdng<br />
Trddng DH KT& QTKD khan cua DN. yeu cdu vd mdc dp phuc vu. Hay:<br />
Dai hpc Thdi Nguydn Cd gidl phdp nao dd DN cd Qudn tri chudi cung dng Id viec<br />
thd nang cao Ipi thd canh phdi hpp hoat dpng sdn xuat, lifu<br />
tranh? De cd thd duy tri va nang kho, dia diem va van tdi gida cdc<br />
cao ddpc Ipi the canh tranh thi thdnh vien cua chudi cung dng<br />
hvfc td cho thay, hdu nhdm mang den cho thi trddng<br />
<br />
T<br />
ngoai viec cd gdng tan dung cac<br />
hdt cdc DN Viet Nam Ipi the canh tranh cdn lai d tren ma DN dang phuc vu svf ket hpp<br />
iiien nay khi dda ra Ipi thi cac DN cdn phdi dda ra dUpc tien ich vd hieu qud tdt nhat.^<br />
the cda DN minh thi ddu n h a n gidi phdp mang tinh lau dai dd Nhu vay, qudn ly chudi cung dng<br />
manh Ipi thd vd chi phi ddu vdo gidi quyet ddpc cac van dd khd hieu qud cd nghia Id DN cdi tien<br />
thdng qua viec: tan dung ngudn khdn vd chi phi vd khd nang dupe ddng thdi chat lUpng dich<br />
nguyen lieu td tdi nguyen thien thich nghi cua DN trddc svf thay vu khdch hang lan hieu qud didu<br />
nhien sdn cd cua dat nddc vdi ddi cua thi trddng. Qudn ly h a n h npl bp cua DN cung nhd<br />
gid rd, hay sd dung ngudn n h a n chudi cung dng hieu qud chinh cac DN tham gia trong chudi<br />
cdng, thiet bl gia rd, tan dung cO la gidl phdp dd DN cd thd thvfc cung dng.<br />
hpl vay vdn vdi ldi suat thap td hien ddpc dd. Qudn ly chudi cung dng hieu<br />
cdc ngudn vdn vay vfu ddi nhd "Chudi cung dng bao gdm tat qud se giup cho DN cd cdc Ipl<br />
ODA hay td cdc NHTM do svf vfu cd cdc giai doan lien quEui trvfc the canh tranh nhd ddm bdo<br />
dai cda Chinh phu dda ra... tiep hoac gian tidp den viec thod tinh lien tuc cua viec cung cap<br />
nhdng gidi phdp ndy vd trddc mdn yeu cdu cua khdch hang. hdng hda, chat lUpng sdn pham,<br />
mdt da giup cho nhidu DN Viet Chudi cung dng khdng chi bao ddp dng khd nang thich nghi<br />
Nam gidm ddpc chi phi de cd gdm nhd sdn xuat vd ngddi phan cua DN trddc svf thay ddi cda thl<br />
ddpc Ipi thd canh tranh nhvfng phdi ma cdn cd cd ngUdi van trddng, tang cUdng tinh sdng tao<br />
vd Idu ddi thi nhdng Ipi thd ndy chuydn, nha xddng, ngddi bdn Id cung nhd gidm chi phi tren todn<br />
cd thd bi mat dl theo nhd ldi vd bdn t h a n khdch hang,..."^. he thdng td khau tdn kho<br />
cdnh bdo cda phdng Thddng mai Nhd vay, chudi cung dng ddpc vi nguyen vat lieu, tdn kho trong<br />
chdu Au Viet Nam (EuroCham) nhd mach mau cua DN. Sdc sdn xudt, trong tieu thu cho den<br />
"DN Vi$t Nam ddng mong cdc Igi khde cua DN hodn todn phu van chuyen vd p h a n phdi. Ndi<br />
thi cq.nh tranh hi$n nay keo ddi thupc vdo sd tudn hodn cua each khac, qudn ly chudi cung<br />
mdt do tien Iddng tdng, nguon tdi chudi cung dng. dng hieu qud chinh Id tdi da hda<br />
nguySn cd fian, von vay du ddi Qudn ly chudi cung dng la tap gid tri tao ra cho todn he thdng.<br />
ODA se gidm hodc ktidng lien hpp nhdng phddng thdc sd dung Gid tri tao ra cua chudi cung<br />
tiic..."'. Ben c^nh dd, bdi cdnh mpt cac tich hpp vd hieu qud dng Id svf khde biet gida gid tri<br />
khdng hodng tdi chinh cda kinh nhd cung cap, ngddi sdn xuat, cua sdn ph£m cudi cdng ddi vdi<br />
td thd gidi. si; gia tdng vd ldi he thdng kho bai va cdc cda khdch hang vd nd Idc md chudi<br />
sudt vd ty 1^ lam phdt d Vi^t hdng nhdm phan phdi hang hoa cung cap dung vdo viec ddp dng<br />
Nam hl^n nay dd 1dm cho chi ddpc sdn xuat ddn dung d}a nhu cdu cua Ididch hdng. Thvfc<br />
phi cda DN tdng Iftn do dd Ipl diem, dung luc vd dung yeu cdu tien dd chdng minh ddpc didu<br />
thd c^nh tranh cda cdc DN Vi§t vd chdt Idpng. vdi, muc dich dd thdng qua svf thdnh ^ ^ ^<br />
Nam trddc kia \^i cd thd trd gidm thidu chi phi todn he thdng cdng cua tdp dodn Wal- ^ " ^<br />
<br />
I I N M I I t l 86 21/2011 I 15<br />
HNfiHItNCtl-nUWiMii<br />
<br />
Mart vd hdng mdy tinh t h a p . Do do, Dell khdng phdi hdng lam t n m g tdm, chu dpng<br />
Dell da VdOn tdi dinh cao va vat Ion vdi sd Idpng hdng tdn cung cap nhdng gid tri cua gidi<br />
vang danh khdp the gidi bdng kho ldi thdi trong mpt thl trddng p h d p v d sdn p h a m dich vu tat<br />
each dp dung chien Idpc Idnh ma cdng nghe thay ddi n h a n h nhidn d mdc chi piii thap nhat.<br />
doanh vdi diem n h a n Id dda ra chdng. Didu dd cho thay rdng, Nhvfng de thvfc hien ddpc gidi<br />
cdc mdc gid t h a p cho khdch "neu mot DN cd the thiit ki vd phdp ndy DN phdi cd ngudn<br />
hdng. De thvfc hien ddpc chien xdy ddng mdt chudi cung dng n h d n Ivfc cd ndng Ivfc vd qudn ly<br />
lupc ndy hp dd thdng qua viec ddp dng linh hoq.t nhu cdu cda chudi cvmg dng.<br />
tao ra ddpc chudi cung dng vd thi trddng thi td mot DN vd danh 3) Dif bdo vd lap Ice hoqich<br />
cung hieu qud td do tiet kiem cd thi trd thdnh mot ten tuoi chuoi cung vtng kip thdf, chinh<br />
chi phi can thiet nhd chi phi vd tieng tdm'*. xdc la n d n tdng de qudn ly<br />
Ivfu kho hang hod, chi phi dia De cd th^ qudn 1^ chudi chudi cung dng hieu qud Idii DN<br />
diem, chi phi van chuydn,... cung vtng mdt cdch hi^u qud cd khd nang dvf bao va lap ke<br />
ddng thdi cd the ddp dng mpt DN cdn phdi thtfc hi$n mpt so hoach chinh xdc thi cd the gidm<br />
cdch n h a n h n h a t nhu cdu cua cdc gidi phdp sau ddy: mdc tdn kho khdng cdn thidt,<br />
thi trddng. Td do da tao ra mpt 1) Nhd qudn ly cua DNphdi tang t^ le cac don hang thanh<br />
Ipi thd canh tranh rieng biet ma thay doi nhan thvtc vd cdch cdng va rut ngan qui trinh thu<br />
cdc Cty khde khd cd thd cd dUpc thiic qudn ly chudi cung vtng. tien. DN phdi nhdn biet nhdng<br />
vd bdt chddc. Cu the: Walmart Hien nay r a t nhidu cdc nhd dau hieu cua thi trddng vd khdp<br />
chi mua hdng trvfc tidp td nhd qudn ly DN ddu cho rdng viec vdi viec len ke hoach nhu cau<br />
sdn xuat, khdng chap n h a n qudn ly chudi cung dng la mpt tddng dng trong todn bp chudi<br />
trung gian, td chdc mua hdng phdOng phdp quan ly mdi. Vay cung dng, bdo ddm nhdng dvf<br />
theo chinh sdch se van chuyen thvfc ra day cd phdi la phddng dodn n h a t qudn vd phan bd<br />
hang td cda n h a may. Ben canh phdp qudn ly mdi khdng? Nd ngudn Ivfc tdi vfu.<br />
do, Walmart gianh thdi gian tim khdng mdi, bdi le qudn ly chudi 4) Phdi CO syC diiu chinh<br />
hidu n h a cung cap dd td dd xem cung dng thdc ra Id cdng viec chudi cung vCng phu htfp vdi<br />
xet chi phi ma nhd cung cap cd ma DN van 1dm hdng ngdy, td chien hitfc kinh doanh. Khdng<br />
the gidm tdi da cho minh. Vdi luc mua nguyen vat lieu, van cd mpt md hinh chudi cung dng<br />
he thdng phdn phdi ddpc thiet chuyen vd cd sd hay n h a may ndo phd hpp vinh vien cho mdt<br />
kd theo chien Idpc md rpng xung sdn xuat, den viec DN dda sdn DN vi thi trddng ludn thay ddi<br />
quanh nhdng trung t a m p h a n p h a m ra thi trddng trao t a n tay do dd cdc DN c a n phdi ddnh<br />
phdi da giup cho Walmart ddp khdch hang. Nhiftig td trddc gid lai md hinh kinh doanh<br />
dng 8 5 % nhu cdu hang hda so den nay nhieu DN chda qudn ly cung vdi chien Idpc cua minh<br />
vdi 50 60% cua ddi thu canh nd tdt d hai khia canh: hieu qud n e n chudi cung dng phdi ddpc<br />
tranh vd vdi khoan chi phi tang vd hieu nang. Bdi vi chudi cung didu chinh cho tdOng thich vdi<br />
t h e m khdng dang ke. Walmart dng cua DN chda hoac chda svf thay ddi cua chien Idpc kinh<br />
dd dng dung he thdng tin dd tdi tdng ddpc k e t ndi gida cac bp doanh. 3 bddc md DN cd thd<br />
vfu hda chi phi giao dich lien p h d n mpt cdch cd he thdng vd d p dung dd didu chinh chudi<br />
quan ddn quy trinh ddt hdng vd it tdn kem nhat; chda ddpc nhin cung dng tdOng thich vdi chidn<br />
thcinh todn cdc hod dOn, tdi vfu n h a n n h d mpt he thdng cung Idpc kinh doanh: 1) Thdu hieu<br />
hod boat dpng van tdi, Idu dng cho nhu cdu cda khdch yeu cdu cua khdch hdng; 2) Xdc<br />
kho,... Cdn ddi vdi hang mdy hang. Nhd vay, khi thay ddi dinh chdc ndng vd Vcii trd cda<br />
tinh Dell vdi viec thvfc hien gidm cdch n h d n thdc vd qudn ly DN minh trong todn bp chudi<br />
chi phi sdn xuat, Ivfu kho thdng chudi cung dng se giup cho nhd cung dng; 3) Phdt tridn nhdng<br />
qudn ly cd cdc phdOng phdp ndng Idc c a n thiet cua chudi<br />
qua viec trang bi r a t it nhd<br />
tiep can mdi vdi mpt loat cdc 1^ cung dng.<br />
xddng cd quy md dd sp phuc vu<br />
cho viec Idp rdp mdy tinh cd ndng mdi phd hpp hdn. 5) Sdp xep cd cdu tS chiic<br />
n h a n vd chi 1dm theo nhdng ddn 2) lAia chgn dvbfc md hinh phu. hgfp. Thiet ke cd cdu td<br />
ddt hang chd Ididng dvf trd sdn chudi cung ting phu htfp vdi DN chdc ddng vai trd quan trpng<br />
pham Idm cho ty le Ivfu kho rat nhvfng bao gid cung lay khdch trong viec thdc day hay cdn trd<br />
<br />
1 6 1 TNUONGmfl 86 21/2011<br />
NBHtNGiri-IIMIil<br />
viec d a t tdi cdc muc u e u cua dien td tren web, hay ndm bdt 8) DN phdi ddnh gid dvtgc<br />
chuoi cung dng. Thiet ke co cau thdng tin vd nhu cdu vd bd dung hi$u qud cua chuoi cung<br />
td chdc Id mdt qud trinh ddnh sung bdng viec sd dung cdng vCng cua DN minh thdng qua he<br />
gid vd Ivfa chpn nhdng cO cau vd nghe ma vach, cdc thd n h d n thdng do Iddng ve hieu suat<br />
he thdng giao tiep ciiinh thdc, dang bdng sdng liadio cung trd hoat dpng cua chudi cung dng.<br />
mdng lao dpng, phdi hpp, kidm n e n hdu dung khi ndm bdt Chudi cung dng ludn bien ddi<br />
sodt, p h a n quyen va trdch thdng tin vd ddng chdy nguyen va khdng ngdng didu chinh<br />
nhiem de dat tdi nhdng muc tieu lieu vd sdn p h a m . Cdc nhd theo nhdng thay ddi trong cung<br />
cua todn bp chudi cung dng vd qudn ly khdng trdc tidp tham cdu sdn pham. Neu mudn chudi<br />
cua cd DN. gia chudi cung dng cung can cung dng d a t hieu qud hoat<br />
hieu vd tdm quan trpng cua viec dpng mong mudn, DN phdi ludn<br />
6) Ap dung vd ddu tit vdo<br />
dd lieu ddpc chia sd hdu dung theo ddi vd kiem sodt ddpc cdc<br />
h$ thdng cdng ngh$ thong tin<br />
ddi vdi chudi cung dng bdi vi hp hoat dpng thddng ngdy cua<br />
(CNTT) trong qudn ly chuoi<br />
cung chinh la ngddi tham gia minh. De 1dm ddpc didu dd DN<br />
cung vtng. Sd hodn hdo cda he<br />
vdo cung cap dd lieu ay. Trong phdi do ludng dUdc hieu suat<br />
thdng CNTT se hd trp cho sd<br />
nhidu trddng hpp, n h a n sd dich vu khdch hang, hieu suat<br />
hodn hdo chudi cung dng thdng<br />
trong chudi cung dng, cdc he hoat dpng npl bp, khd nang<br />
qua viec ddm bdo ddng chdy<br />
thdng vd quy trinh ddu dda vdo phdn dng linh hoat trddc bien<br />
thdng tin thdng sudt, dieu ndy<br />
cac loai dd lieu nhd la thdng dpng cdu vd Idid nang p h a t<br />
d d n d e n cdc quyet dlnh trong<br />
tin chat lupng, thdng tin vd dOn trien sdn pham.<br />
chudi cung dng chinh xdc hOn.<br />
hdng, thdng tin diem b a n hdng<br />
Cho du cd sd dung hinh thdc Khi xu hddng todn cau hda<br />
- md ddpc thu thap vd cung cap<br />
hay p h a n mdm CNTT n a o di cdng manh me, svf canh tranh<br />
bdi cdc thdnh vien khdng trxfc<br />
nda, chudi cung dng cung n e n cdng trd n e n gay gdt. Michael<br />
tiep vdo chudi cung dng.<br />
n d m b d t vd chia sd thdng tin E.Porter "cha dd" cua chien<br />
trong todn bp phdng chdc nang 7) cdn CO gidi phdp ddo tgo Idpc canh tranh da chi rd "toi<br />
va bp p h a n td chdc trong the canh tranh kliong chi n&m d<br />
ndng cao trinh dg vi qudn ly<br />
nhdng thdi gian hdu dung. Didu l)dn thdn moi tioat ddng, md cdn<br />
chudi cung vCng cho nhd qudn<br />
nay bao gdm viec chuyen tin vd d cd mdi lien kit gida cdc ho
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