Quy trình sử dụng AI chatbot dạy học môn hóa học

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Bài viết này đưa ra quy trình sử dụng AI Chatbot trong dạy học, từ đó đưa ra quy trình dạy học cụ thể cho môn Hóa học sử dụng AI Chatbot. Với vai trò như một trợ lý ảo, AI Chatbot giúp học sinh học tập theo hướng cá nhân hóa, mọi lúc, mọi nơi và phù hợp với khả năng cũng như phong cách học tập của mình.

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International Conference on Smart Schools 2022 QUY TRÌNH SỬ DỤNG AI CHATBOT DẠY HỌC MÔN HÓA HỌC THE PROCESS OF USING AI CHATBOT TO TEACH CHEMISTRY ThS. Nguyễn Minh Giám PGS.TS. Ngô Tứ Thành Viện sư phạm kỹ thuật - Đại học Bách Khoa Hà Nội; Email: thanh.ngotu@hust.edu.vn; giamhoc@gmail.com Keywords: TÓM TẮT: Artificial Intelligence, Bối cảnh: Trí tuệ nhân tạo (Artificial intelligence - AI) đang ảnh hưởng AI Chatbot, Education, sâu sắc đến nhiều lĩnh vực khác nhau và lĩnh giáo dục cũng không ngoại lệ Teaching methods, bởi các ứng dụng thiết thực của nó. Công nghệ AI Chatbot là một khía cạnh Chemistry của lĩnh vực trí tuệ nhân tạo có nhiều ứng dụng trong giáo dục và đặc biệt là trong giảng dạy. Các nghiên cứu cho thấy, AI Chatbot mang lại những kết quả đáng mong đợi trong giảng dạy giúp học sinh hứng thú học tập hơn và Từ khóa: giúp phát triển năng lực tự học cho học sinh. Trí tuệ nhân tạo, AI Kết quả: Bài viết này đưa ra quy trình sử dụng AI Chatbot trong dạy Chatbot, Giáo dục, Phương học, từ đó đưa ra quy trình dạy học cụ thể cho môn Hóa học sử dụng AI pháp giảng dạy, Hóa học Chatbot. Với vai trò như một trợ lý ảo, AI Chatbot giúp học sinh học tập theo hướng cá nhân hóa, mọi lúc, mọi nơi và phù hợp với khả năng cũng như phong cách học tập của mình. Bàn luận: Với những lợi ích mà AI Chatbot mang lại, AI Chatbot đang là một công cụ học tập hữu ích khi nó mang lại một môi trường học tập thân thiện và thoải mái nhất cho học sinh. Quy trình dạy học sử dụng AI Chatbot là một đóng góp mới giúp giáo viên có cái nhìn mới cũng như có những định hướng trong việc dạy học sử dụng Chatbot. ABSTRACT: Context: Artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly affecting many different fields and education is no exception because of its practical applications. AI Chatbot technology is an aspect of the field of AI that has many applications in education and especially in teaching. Studies show that AI Chatbot brings desirable results in teaching, making students more interested in learning and helping to develop self-study ability for students. Result: This This article outlines the process of using AI Chatbot in teaching, thereby giving a specific teaching process for Chemistry using AI Chatbot. As a virtual assistant, AI Chatbot helps students learn in a personalized way, anytime, anywhere and in accordance with their ability and learning style. Discussion: With the benefits that AI Chatbot brings, AI Chatbot is a useful learning tool when it brings a friendly and most comfortable learning environment for students. The teaching process using AI Chatbot is a new contribution to help teachers have a new perspective as well as have orientations in teaching using Chatbot. 1. Introduction AI (Artificial Intelligence) is created by humans with the aim of automating intelligent behaviors like humans. AI with Machine Learning allows computer programs to become smarter over time. Chatbots and virtual assistants are higher- order products of AI and are determined by a man-made algorithm. In education, Chatbots and virtual assistants are modern learning mediums, which can be designed into a learning Q&A scenario, with responses built from the lecture 140
International Conference on Smart Schools 2022 system. With each student having different needs, Chatbots and virtual assistants can proactively provide learning materials, topics through text messages, images, videos, document files, etc. Chatbots can provide accurate answers but do not understand human emotions. Virtual assistants can analyze the complexities of natural language and interact with people with more precision. In order for Chatbots to act as a dedicated, personalized teaching assistant for each student, the article will present the steps in the teaching process using AI Chatbot, as the basis for using AI chatbot to teach speaking subjects. general and chemistry in particular. 2. Research content 2.1 AI Chatbot in teaching 2.1.1 AI Chatbot From conversational software attempting to mimic human-machine conversation has existed since the early 1960s [6]. Up to now, following the strong development momentum of technology, the development of conversation software into Chatbots and from the application of AI technology in Chatbot has appeared the definition of AI Chatbot. Ai Chatbot is an intelligent chat system capable of processing human language. AI Chatbot is programmed to interact with the user like a real person and it has the ability to monitor the context and words in the dictionary [7], or it understands the information the user enters and it responds appropriately. meaning according to previously loaded knowledge [3] The underlying technologies for Ai chatbot are machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI provides many opportunities and allows software to perform tasks as humans do. Natural language processing is the foundation of AI-based chatbots. Using NLP's sophisticated algorithms, chatbots can process text input: understand, conclude and determine what has been said or written and then state a list of all the appropriate actions. [5]. Thus, AI Chatbot is a tool that can communicate and interact with humans in natural language through pre- programmed artificial intelligence through a computer system. For a variety of purposes, Chatbots have been used in a variety of fields, including marketing, customer service, healthcare, technical support, as well as education and training. The underlying technologies for chatbots are machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and AI. NLP is the foundation of AI based chatbots. By using NLP's sophisticated algorithms, chatbots can process input text: understand, conclude and determine what has been said or written and then state a list of all the appropriate actions. . Figure 1: Artificial Intelligence concepts in a Chatbot NLP Natural Language Processing acts as a fundamental pillar for recognition of language, which is used by Apple's Siri and Google. It allows technology to recognize human natural language text and speech-based commands and include two major components natural language generation (NLG) and natural language understanding (NLU) NLU Natural Language Understanding is responsible for handling and converting formless data into a proper 141
International Conference on Smart Schools 2022 form that the system can easily understand. NLP has further five main steps if we want that message should be easily understood by a chatbot. These steps are: Lexical analysis, Syntactic analysis (parsing), Semantic analysis, Discourse integration, Pragmatic analysis. NLG Natural Language Generation involves text realization and text planning to generate an understanding response. In simple words, language generation is responsible for the formation of linguistically correct sentences and phrases. The key challenge faced by NLP is to understand the complications of natural human language. ASR Automatic Speech Recognition under computational linguistics, which develops technologies and methodologies that enable the identification and translation of user speech into text with the help of computers [1]. 2.1.2 AI Chatbot Operation Process [2] Chatbot is a tool that can communicate and interact with humans in natural language through artificial intelligence pre-programmed through a computer system. For a variety of purposes, Chatbots have been used across many fields, including marketing, customer service, technical support, as well as education and training. How Chatbot works: - Receiving: Users raise questions, requests for help, Chatbot receives information in the form of natural language and proceeds to the next step. - Translation: Natural language is converted into computer language for the computer robot to understand. This determines whether the Chatbot is intelligent or not. - Processing: Chatbot's AI technology processes information, searches for answers in the database. - Feedback: Chatbot will give the answer, in the form of natural language messages. 2.1.3 Benefits of Chatbots in Education [4] - Accurate information: Instead of information being exchanged (and often distorted) through word of mouth, students can receive accurate answers from the school itself. - Timely communication: Overall, 64% of internet users consider 24-hour service to be the best feature of a chatbot. For schools, most of which are not available 24/7, chatbots are a way for students and parents to get immediate answers at any time. - Serving multiple students at the same time: Chatbot can answer questions from many students at the same time. Also, unlike humans, chatbots have endless patience and don't mind answering how many times the same student asks the same question. - Personal Access: A chatbot that allows you to personalize your messages for each student while sending out bulk notifications. Chatbot approaches and stores the history of each individual's learning activities to provide appropriate suggestions and support for learning. 2.2. Teaching process using AI Chatbot After having a teaching scenario, teachers rely on this AI Chatbot-using teaching process to conduct teaching for students. This process can be applied to all subjects follow the steps below: 142
International Conference on Smart Schools 2022 Figure 2 : The process of using AI Chatbot in teaching Step 1: Determining teaching goals Teachers must clearly define the learning goals of the subject and when combined with AI Chatbot, how and how will the teaching goals be achieved. Step 2: Determining the content - What to learn: Identify the content to be taught in the lesson or course. This content has been built into the AI Chatbot scenario. - Keywords: By determining what to learn, teachers build a keyword map from which to guide and orient students' learning through interaction with Virtual Assistant - AI Chatbot. Step 3: Log in - Have a phone number to register, log in to Zalo to create a Zalo account - Search or scan QR Code (Quick Response Code) on Zalo to find AI Chatbot that has built a teaching script before. - Guide to learning with AI Chatbot: Guide to interact with Virtual Assistant through each operation, steps for the learning process to achieve teaching goals. Step 4: Learning with a Virtual Assistant - “Learning Box” is an interactive messaging interface between learners and AI Chatbot. Here, will display all the interactive learning actions of students and the answers of the virtual assistant - AI Chatbot. - Enter the keyword of the lesson content - AI Chatbot will process through natural language and respond immediately according to the set keywords. If AI Chatbot does not understand, it will ask again (enter another keyword) or suggest another keyword that AI Chatbot understands and answers. 143
International Conference on Smart Schools 2022 - Learning: Virtually interacting with digitized knowledge in the form of messages including: text, images, videos... according to the teaching scenarios of AI Chatbot that have been built. - Ask and teach related knowledge including: background knowledge, look up definitions, formulas, properties, characteristics... AI Chatbot will answer. Step 5: Testing Enter the keyword "Test", the AI Chatbot will display or link to a website with tests for students to take. Step 6: Controling and assessing Through the "Learning Box", the teacher will control all the students' learning process as well as the answers of the Virtual Assistant to remind and guide the students to study when they are not in control. control the learning process. Through the "Learning Box" the teacher also assesses the "level" of the Virtual Assistant and the student's learning ability. - Understanding: Learning sequentially by lesson topics - Medium: Learn sequentially and combine asking, looking up more background knowledge. - Weak, poor: Learn and ask, look up many times, repeat many times the background knowledge. In this step 6, the teacher will refine and classify students to continue through step 7. Step 7: Supporting - Live support: face-to-face lectures, online interaction - Indirect support: delivery of articles, sending documents, videos. 2.3. The process of using AI Chatbot to teach chemistry 2.3.1. Aims and content of chemistry [9] 2.3.1.1. Aims of chemistry The educational objective of Chemistry is to form and develop in students chemical competence; at the same time, contributing together with other educational subjects and activities to form and develop in students the main qualities and common competencies, especially the scientific worldview; interest in learning and research; honesty; respectful attitude respect the laws of nature, behave with nature in accordance with the requirements of sustainable development; the ability to choose a career in accordance with their own capacity and interests, conditions and circumstances. 2.3.1.2. Content The content of Chemistry is designed into topics that both ensure to strengthen the content circuits, develop knowledge and practical skills, and help students have a deeper understanding of the general basic knowledge of chemistry. , as a basis for studying, working and researching. Chemistry curriculum with 3 core content circuits: General basic knowledge of chemistry; inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry. The main development axis of the Chemistry program is the system of basic chemical knowledge about the structure of substances and the process of chemical transformation. Knowledge of the structure of atoms, chemical bonds, chemical energy, rate of chemical reactions, redox reactions, balance by chemistry, electric batteries and electrolysis, the periodic table of chemical elements is the main theoretical basis for students to explain the nature and study the laws of chemistry in the contents of inorganic chemistry and chemistry. organic chemistry to a certain extent. 2.3.1.3. The most outstanding new features of the Chemistry program The most important new point in the Chemistry curriculum is the emphasis on practicality; avoid a computational bias; Focusing on equipping tools with concepts and methods of using tools, especially helping students to have practical experimental skills, skills to apply chemical knowledge in understanding and solving at high level. certain problems of practice, meeting the requirements of life. 2.3.2. Methods and means of teaching chemistry 2.3.2.1. Methods of teaching [9]: Most high schools use chalkboards and textbooks in the teaching process. These means are still not enough for teachers to transmit knowledge to students, so it is necessary to design teaching media suitable for students, with the school's conditions and to respond immediately and immediately to the process. Effective teaching is very 144
International Conference on Smart Schools 2022 important and necessary. 2.3.2.2. Teaching tool [8] The innovation of chemistry teaching methods in the direction of competence is the focus of the Program. The Chemistry curriculum pays special attention to the orientation of capacity development through the design of teaching activities for each learning content and topic. Educational methods are mainly selected according to the following orientations: - Activity orientation: Students' learning activities are based on experiential activities; Applying, connecting with practice and orienting to solve practical problems to enhance students' interest, contribute to the formation and development of the quality and capacity of the students that the subject is responsible for. - Positive teaching orientation: Increase the use of teaching methods to promote positivity, initiative, creativity and suitability with the formation and development of qualities and capacities for learners. practice, experience in teaching contents, especially when studying inorganic and organic substances, which have many practical applications through learning projects. - Combining STEM education in teaching to develop students' ability to integrate knowledge and skills of Math - Engineering - Technology and Chemistry subjects into research to solve some real-life situations . - Use chemistry exercises that require critical and creative thinking (open exercises, multiple solutions,...), exercises with practical content, enhancing the nature of chemistry, and reducing problems. Mathematical calculation exercises. - Diversify learning forms, use information technology and teaching devices appropriately and effectively in teaching chemistry. 2.3.3 The process of using AI chatbot to teach chemistry From building the teaching process using AI Chatbot above, the author builds the process of teaching chemistry using AI Chatbot as an example: Step 1: Determining teaching goals With the support of the Virtual Assistant, it will help students achieve their learning goals in terms of chemical knowledge, substances, the transformation of substances, the interrelationships between substances... and attitudes and qualities towards chemistry. Step 2: Determining the content - What to learn: Identify the teaching content in the lesson that has been built in the AI Chatbot chemistry scenario. - Keywords: By determining what to learn, teachers build a keyword map from which to guide and orient students' learning through interaction with Virtual Assistant - AI Chatbot Chemistry: Lesson Study A, physical properties, chemical properties (chemical properties 1, chemical properties 2...) application and practice. Step 3: Log in - Have a registered phone number, log in to Zalo to create a Zalo account - Search or scan QR Code (Quick Response Code) on Zalo to find AI Chatbot: Bach Khoa Chemistry - Learning Guide with AI Chatbot: Guide to interact with the Virtual Assistant through each operation, steps to achieve the learning process Introduce students to master the keyword map of the content of the chemistry lesson. Guide students to understand the steps and lesson content buttons so that they can interact with the Virtual Assistant in a consistent way. Guide students to handle errors during interaction such as: if you want to go back to the previous content steps, you must re-enter the keywords of the previous step to learn again, how to look up background knowledge such as the chemical formula of a substance or element, valency, reaction equation, etc. or do not understand any content, do not know the next interactive steps, there will be a step or a message button for support from the teacher. Step 4: Learning with a Virtual Assist ant - After logging in to AI Chatbot: Bach Khoa Chemistry, "Learning Box" will be displayed for students to start interactive learning. - Enter keywords in chemistry lesson 145
International Conference on Smart Schools 2022 - AI Chatbot will process through natural language and respond immediately according to the set keywords will display the content steps of the chemistry lesson and below are related or next content buttons. guide student learning. If the AI Chatbot does not understand, it will ask again (enter another keyword) or suggest with a message containing other keywords, numbered in order: 1, 2, 3. Students choose the right keywords. your intentions and enter the number 1 or 2 or 3 according to the appropriate keyword and will be answered by the Virtual Assistant immediately. - Learning: Students interact with digitized knowledge in the form of messages through the "Learning Box" including: Text format: definitions, physical properties, chemical properties, formulas of elements and compounds, valency, chemical equations... Image: Calculation formulas, periodic table of chemistry, solubility table... Video: Lectures and chemistry experiments. The interactive learning according to the teaching scenarios of the AI Chatbot that has been built will help students get excited and improve their ability to self-study chemistry. - Ask and teach related knowledge including: background knowledge, look up definitions, calculation formulas, properties, chemical formulas, valence... AI Chatbot will answer to supplement the lesson main school. Step 5: Testing Enter the keyword "Test", the AI Chatbot will display or link to a website with tests for students to take. Step 6: Controling and assessing Through the "Learning Box", the teacher will control all the students' learning process as well as the answers of the Virtual Assistant to remind and guide the students to study when they are not in control. control the learning process. Through the "Learning Box" the teacher also assesses the "level" of the Virtual Assistant and the student's learning ability. - Understanding: Learn sequentially by lesson topics from the lesson introduction, to physical properties, chemical properties and applications. - Medium: Learn sequentially and combine questions, look up more background knowledge such as formulas, definitions. - Weak and poor: Learn and ask, look up many times, repeat many times background knowledge such as formulas, definitions, chemical equations, and valence. In this step 6, the teacher will refine and classify students to continue through step 7. Step 7: Supporting When students need support, they will enter the self-key "support" or "ho ash" into the "Learning Box" and will be supported by the Virtual Assistant, if the "Virtual Assistant" cannot support it, it will be transferred to the teacher. Real members support: - Direct support: giving face-to-face or online lectures to students on chemical properties or formulas of a substance, re-teaching background knowledge to students so that students can understand what they are learning. - Indirect support: assigning background knowledge lessons related to the lesson for students to self-study before and after the main course in class via "Learning Box" or via Zalo. 3. Conclusion The process of using AI Chatbot to teach above, when completed, will help students' self-learning model become more interesting, much better than the traditional self-study model. At the same time, knowledge testing is also done automatically, making it easier for both students and teachers. Today, students are more familiar with technology than ever before. Instant messaging, virtual assistants and social networks have become part of life. Students use technology not only for entertainment, but also to perform most other important tasks such as searching and exchanging information, especially learning materials. A classroom teacher often has to work directly with 40-50 students, so teachers are overloaded with supporting students when students need them. Students who need support also have to wait a few days to receive feedback from the teacher, making it impossible for students to do their homework on time, and teachers do not have time to focus on improving the quality of the lesson. 146
International Conference on Smart Schools 2022 AI Chatbot according to the above process can act as a dedicated teaching assistant, personalize for each student, monitor each student's learning and self-study progress, assist teachers in responding to students' opinions and offer personalized subject suggestions and study materials for each student. REFERENCES [1] Boudhir Anouar Abdelhakim, Soufyane Ayanouz: A Smart Chatbot Architecture based NLP and Machine Learning for Health Care Assistance (April 2020) [2] Nguyen Minh Giam, Ngo Tu Thanh, AI Chatbot application innovations teaching methods, educational equipment magazine, issue 209, January 2, 2020 [3] Kumar, R., & Ali, M. M. (2020). A Review on Chatbot Design and Implementation Techniques. Int. J. Eng. Technol, 7(11). [4] Nikoletta Bika, Get Schooled by AI: Use Cases of Chatbots for Education (June, 2020) [5] Pavel Smutny, Petra Schreiberova: Chatbots for learning: A review of educational chatbots for the Facebook Messenger (7/2020) [6] Shah, H., Warwick, K., Vallverdú, J, & Wu, D. (2016). Can machines talk? Comparison of Eliza with modern dialogue systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 278–95. [7] Wailthare, S., Gaikwad, T., Khadse, K., & Dubey, P. (2018). Artificial intelligence based chat-bot. Artificial Intelligence, 5(03). [8] [8] New general education curriculum: learn chemistry curriculum, 2018, Ministry of Education and Training http://hcm.edu.vn/GDTrungHoc/Hoa/129/Hoa-THPT 147