REMMBERING KANJI - PART 7

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Nội dung Text: REMMBERING KANJI - PART 7

314 Remembering the Kanji * sieve z A rake and the grains of rice at the bottom give us a hint of win- nowing, which relates clearly to the meaning of a sieve. [8] +, sane 1159 d Cave . . . sieve. [11] apprehend 1160 Ò Think of apprehending criminals. The elements are: sieve . . . road. [11] * mop Õ The only thing distinguiinges a mop from a rake is the bent handle that does not cut through the top horizontal stroke. It depicts the swish-swash motion of a mop. [4] PQRS Italy 1161 Q Used chieµy in proper names, and given the sound “i,” this kanji can be remembered as an abbreviation of Italy, for which it is still used today in Japan. Its primitives: person . . . mop. [6] old boy 1162 p The somewhat highbrow British term of address is chosen here to represent the kanji for a form of address used towards one’s juniors. It is composed of: mop . . . mouth. [7]
lesson 31 315 µock 1163 s Old boys . . . sheep. [13] * comb ¾ The pictograph of a comb is clearly visible in this primitive element. [6] /01234 -proof 1164 Â The key word is a suf³x used to indicate “safe from” or “pro- tected against,” as in the words rustproof, waterproof, and ³reproof. It is composed of: comb . . . glue. [9] demand 1165 7 The sense of demand is best captured by thinking of the eco- nomic principle of “supply and demand.” The primitives: rain . . . comb. [14] Confucian 1166 0 Person . . . demand. [16] edge 1167 2 Vase . . . mountain . . . comb. [14] * shovel Ô This enclosure—which embraces its relative primitive from the bottom—is a pictograph of the scoop of a shovel. When room
316 Remembering the Kanji permits, the arms are extended upwards to nearly the same height as the relative element it holds. [2] 56 both 1168 X Spike . . . belt . . . shovel. Note that the writing order follows the order in which the primitives are given here. [6] full 1169 F Water . . . µowers . . . both. Given the abstract nature of this last primitive, you may want to borrow the image from the previ- ous frame. [12] brush-stroke 1170 c In forming an image for the key word, it is helpful to know that this kanji is used for artistic representations such as completed paintings, as well as for the number of brush-strokes in a char- acter (as, for instance, in Indexes ii and iii at the end of this book). Its elements are: ceiling . . . sprout . . . shovel. [8] OP789 tooth 1171 © Footprint . . . rice . . . shovel. [12] bend 1172 ( Picture yourself grabbing hold of the two strokes poking out the top of the kanji and wrenching them apart, thus giving the sense of bend. If you think of them as deriving from the ele- ment for brains beneath (of course, the middle stroke has been reduplicated and pulled out to where it can be grabbed hold
lesson 31 317 of), you can associate the key word with bending someone’s mind to your own point of view. [6] cadet 1173 g This character is written in the order of its elements: one . . . bend . . . sun. [11] encounter 1174 } Cadet . . . road. [14] rowing 1175 k Water . . . cadet. [14] vat 1176 j Tree . . . cadet. [15] Big Dipper 1177 7 The Big Dipper here is of course the constellation of Ursa Major, of which this kanji is a sort of pictographic representa- tion. [4] :;=? * Since we already have a primitive element for a “dipper”— namely, the ladle—we shall let this one stand for a measuring cup. By the way, it would make a rather large one, since the kanji is also used for a measure of about 18 liters! fee 1178 [ Measuring cup . . . rice. [10]
318 Remembering the Kanji department 1179 Think here of the faculty or department you entered in uni- versity, using the elements: measuring cup . . . wheat. [9] map 1180 o Pent in . . . Big Dipper. Hint: among the songs dating from the days of slavery that have become part of American folklore is one called “Follow the Drinking Gourd.” It referred to the nighttime travel of runaway slaves (those pent in) who had no maps other than the stars to guide them, among them the bright and predominant Big Dipper, the “Drinking Gourd.” [7] utilize 1181 ä Meat . . . walking stick. Be sure to keep this key word distinct from that for use (frame 990). The stroke order is exactly as you would expect it from the order of the primitive elements as given. [5] * As a primitive element, we shall substitute the image of a screwdriver, perhaps the most utilized of all tools around the house. comfortable 1182 Ú Cave . . . rake . . . screwdriver. [11] equip 1183 Ä Person . . . µowers . . . cliff . . . screwdriver. In cases like this you can jumble up the primitive into any order that seems best for the composition of a story, provided you feel con³dent about the relative position that those primitives take to one another in the completed character. [12]
Lesson 32 In this lesson we pick up a few primitives of quantity to complement those we learned in Lesson 7, as well as some others related closely to elements learned earlier. * salad { The element for µowers joins with the long horizontal stroke beneath it to create the picture of a bowl of salad. [4] once upon a time 1184 Ë Salad . . . days. This is the character with which Japanese fairy tales commonly begin. [8] confused 1185 B Metal . . . once upon a time. [16] borrow 1186 ï Person . . . once upon a time. [10] pity 1187 È State of mind . . . once upon a time. The sense of the key word is that of a lost opportunity or bad turn of affairs, as in the phrase “What a pity!” [11] set aside 1188 @ Fingers . . . once upon a time. [11]
320 Remembering the Kanji scatter 1189 _ Salad . . . µesh . . taskmaster. [12] twenty 1190 Ô The two tens joined at the bottom by a short line is actually the old character for twenty, which we might as well learn since we need its primitive form. It is written the same as salad, except for the shorter ³nal stroke. [4] ()*+ * caverns | The primitive for caverns differs from that for cave by the pres- ence of the twenty, suggesting a maze of underground caves. [7] commoner 1191 “ Caverns . . . oven ³re. [11] intercept 1192 ì Commoner . . . road. [14] seat 1193 Ç Caverns . . . towel. [10] degrees 1194 E This key word refers to a gradation of measurement, not to academic diplomas. Its primitives: caverns . . . crotch. [9]
lesson 32 321 transit 1195 9 Water . . . degrees. [12] * haystack ; The three needles stacked up give us a haystack (in which it may be harder to ³nd the hay than the needles). In the rare case in which there is nothing underneath this element, as in the following frame, the last three strokes are written virtually the same as two hands—that is, the second stroke sweeps down slightly to the left. [5] @AB bustle 1196 ú The hustle and bustle of this character is depicted by a St. Bernard dog and a haystack. [8] erupt 1197 a Mouth . . . haystack . . . clams. [15] tomb 1198 b Soil . . . haystack . . . clams. In order not to confuse this kanji with that for a grave (frame 231), something like the image of an Egyptian tomb should be adopted for its special connota- tions. [15] aroused 1199 c State of mind . . . haystack . . . clams. [15]
322 Remembering the Kanji * straw man # The two human legs added to the haystack (with the horizontal stroke to keep the two parts distinct from one another and avoid an ugly tangle) give us a straw man. [8] ÃÄÅ bake 1200 Ï Hearth . . . straw man. Take care to distinguish this kanji from cook (frame 468) and burn (frame 510) when you compose your story. [12] daybreak 1201 $ Sun . . . straw man. [12] half 1202 } Although the writing order is different, one can remember the appearance of this character by seeing it as a little needle—the kind used for splitting hairs in half. (Again, according to rule, little takes a stroke beneath it in order to be placed over an ele- ment that has no horizontal line at the top.) [5] ¬−°±² consort 1203 { Person . . . half. [7] paddy ridge 1204 ‘ Rice ³eld . . . half. The key word here refers to the ridges that rise up between the sections of a rice paddy. [10]
lesson 32 323 judgment 1205 | Half . . . saber. You might recall the famous judgment of King Solomon, who offered to slice a baby in two with a saber to give half to each of the mothers who claimed it as her own. [7] * quarter } This character simply splits the vertical stroke of a half in half once again, to get a quarter. In so doing, it spreads the split stroke out to form a sort of enclosure under which its main rel- ative primitive will be placed. It can be used either in its sub- stantive or verbal meaning. [6] CDE ticket 1206 Ã Quarter . . . dagger. [8] scroll 1207 ñ Quarter . . . snake. The key word refers to a manuscript rolled up into a scroll, not to a hanging scroll (frame 407). [9] sphere 1208 Æ This key word refers to a realm or orbit, not to a ball. Its ele- ments: pent in . . . scroll. [12] victory 1209 § Moon . . . quarter . . . muscle. [12]
324 Remembering the Kanji wisteria 1210 n Flower . . . moon . . . quarter . . . rice grains. [18] facsimilie 1211 p Moon . . . quarter . . . words. [17] one-sided 1212 ‰ This kanji is based on the pictograph of a tree with some branches going upwards and others hanging down, split right down the middle. When that picture’s right side is isolated, it becomes the kanji for one-sided, in the sense of only one part of a whole. [4] FGHI printing block 1213 Š Although this character also carries the sense of an “edition” of a publication, the elements, one-sided and anti-, more readily suggest its other meaning of a printing block. [8] of 1214 î This character is now used chieµy in proper names, and is best learned as the character closest to the hiragana N, though in fact it has no relation to it. [3] * In order to give this kanji a more concrete meaning when it is used as a primitive element, think of it as referring to build- ing blocks with the hiragana written on them, much the same as the A-B-C blocks you played with as a child.
lesson 32 325 destitution 1215 Ò Drop of . . . building blocks. [4] turf 1216 Ü Flowers . . . building blocks. [6] negative 1217 # You may play with the primitives of this kanji as you wish (ceiling . . . person . . . a drop of), but you will probably ³nd that its simplicity, and its frequency, make it easy to remember just as it is. [4] TUVW negate 1218 § Negative . . . mouth. [7] cupfuls 1219 3 Tree . . . negative. [8]
Lesson 33 We turn now to the weapons that remain to be examined. To the saber, the dagger, and the arrow, we add three more primitives to complete the list: the spear, the snare, and the slingshot. dart 1220 ¢ When shot high into the heavens, the dart gets so small it looks like a mere drop. Although this character could as well mean “arrow,” it has no connection with the primitive of that mean- ing. Hence the new key word. [5] rectify 1221 ó Dart . . . angel. Compare your stories for correct (frame 379), revise (frame 339), and reformation (frame 528). [17] tribe 1222 Ÿ Banner . . . dart. [11] know 1223 F Dart . . . mouth. [8] wisdom 1224 J Know . . . sun. [12] halberd 1225 ^ The halberd’s battle-ax head and long shaft are depicted here. Take care with the number and order of the strokes. [5]
lesson 33 327 JKLMN tender 1226 ] Halberd . . . tree. [9] task 1227 Y Halberd . . . taskmaster . . . muscle. [11] fog 1228 _ Weather/rain . . . task. [19] * spear ‚ This weapon, which has the appearance of the long saber but is drawn slightly differently, depicts a spear. It appears only rarely—in this book, only twice, and both instances are given in the following frames. [2] squad 1229 Œ Spear . . . two balls. [10] homecoming 1230 o Spear . . . broom . . . apron. The character for lady (frame 1151) shares the same right side as this character, which does not bode for a very happy homecoming. [10] bow 1231 ¸ This character pictures the bent wooden bow. Later we will learn how to make the bowstring that goes with it (frame 1386).
328 Remembering the Kanji If you stretch this character out and see the indentation on the left as its handle, the pictography should be clearer. [3] —˜™ pull 1232 … Bow . . . walking stick. [4] condolences 1233 { A bow . . . wrapped around a walking stick. [4] vast 1234 e Bow . . . elbow. [5] strong 1235 è Vast . . . insect. Note how the elbow of vast is shrunken and ele- vated to make room for the insect beneath. [11] weak 1236 ú Two bows . . with ice on them. [10] * dollar sign X Composed of two walking sticks running through a bow, this character is infrequent as a primitive, and yet easy to remem- ber for what it looks like (which is also what the Japanese adopted it to mean in days gone by): the dollar sign, $. When it is written under another element, the ³rst vertical stroke is abbreviated to a short “tail” as the ³nal stroke, and the second vertical stroke is cut off at the top. Examples follow in frames 1239 and 1240. [5]
lesson 33 329 QRSTU seethe 1237 Z Water . . . dollar sign. [8] expense 1238 ¾ Dollar sign . . . shells/money. [12] No. 1239 Ù The key word No. is the abbreviation for “number.” Its ele- ments: bamboo . . . dollar sign. [11] younger brother 1240 Ô Horns . . . dollar sign. [7] * snare The simple snare composed of a piece of vine and a bent twig is depicted here as a sort of abbreviation of the bow, to which ! it is related. [2] VW adroit 1241 _ Craft . . . snare. [5] nickname 1242 ¦ Mouth . . . snare. [5]
330 Remembering the Kanji decay 1243 » Tree . . . snare. Do not confuse with rot (frame 1023). [6] boast 1244 * Words . . . St. Bernard dog . . . ceiling . . . snare. [13] dirty 1245 ë Water . . . spike . . . snare. Take care: the writing does not fol- low the order of the primitives exactly. [6] XYZ * slingshot ƒ The slingshot differs from the snare by virtue of the ³rst stroke, which you may take as the strip of rubber you pull back on, to make the slingshot sling. [2] ÿ[ bestow 1246 Ò Slingshot . . . one. Later we shall learn the character for give (frame 1897). But already here we can take care to distinguish this key word from impart (frame 736) and grant (frame 1052). [3] [] copy 1247 á Crown . . . bestow. [5]
Lesson 34 Although we still have a number of primitives left relating to human activi- ties, we may at this point pick up what remain of those having to do speci³cally with people and parts of the human body. somebody 1248 X The key word somebody was chosen to convey the double meaning of this kanji: body and person. Its composition is based on the nose (which, you will recall, is also the kanji for oneself). The extension of the bottom and far right strokes of that element, together with the unusual diagonal stroke, forms the pictograph of somebody with a prominent paunch. [7] ^_`abcd shoot 1249 â “I shot an arrow into the air, And it landed I know not where” goes the poem. (The poor poet obviously loses a lot of arrows.) This kanji, however, tells us where it did land. Its elements: somebody . . . glued to. [10] apologize 1250 ê Words . . . shoot. [17] old man 1251 ¾ First, do not confuse this character with venerable old man (frame 786), which is far more rarely used. The character for an old man begins with an abbreviation of the character for somebody, the nose having been shortened into a simple criss- cross of lines. But there is another, simpler way to remember it all: the soil drawn ³rst indicates that one has come close to the
332 Remembering the Kanji age when “dust to dust” begins to take on a personal meaning; the diagonal walking stick for getting around; and the spoon for being spoon-fed. [6] efg * As a primitive, the meaning is the same, but the ³nal two strokes are omitted so that they can be replaced with other elements: µ. consider 1252 † Old man . . . slingshot. Remember: you already have kanji for discriminating (frame 482), deliberation (frame 642), and think (frame 605). [6] ³lial piety 1253 [ Old man . . . child. [7] teach 1254 î Filial piety . . . taskmaster. [11] torture 1255 © Fingers . . . consider. [9] someone 1256 é Old man . . . sun. This key word looks to be dif³cult because of its proximity to somebody, but in fact it is a very common kanji that will cause you no dif³culty at all. At any rate, its meaning should be seen as the human referent for the abstract noun “something.” [8] * As a primitive it means a puppet-on-a-string.
lesson 34 333 boil 1257 æ Puppet . . . oven ³re. [12] renowned 1258 q Flowers . . . puppet. [11] signature 1259 • Eye . . . puppet. [13] sultry 1260 Œ The key word refers to the heat of summer. Its elements: sun . . . puppet. [12] various 1261 ™ Words . . . puppet. Do not confuse with miscellaneous (frame 562). [15] boar 1262 o Pack of wild dogs . . . puppet. [11] strand 1263 ’ The strand referred to here is the stretch of land along a beach or shoreline. Its elements are: water . . . puppet. [11] gamble 1264 = Shells/money . . . puppet. [15]

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