Single-step laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with cholecysto-choledocholithiasis

Current treatment of complicated calculous biliary disease typically involves a two-step procedure consisting of pre- or post-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This practice creates drawbacks as there is the need for two anesthesia inductions and longer hospital stay.