Số liệu cải cách ruộng đất ở Thái Bình (1945-1954)

sfi LIEU CAI CACH RUONG DAT OTTHAI B ) N H (1945-1954)<br /> <br /> NGUYEN VAN KHOAN'<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> C fich mgng Thfing Tfim nfim 1945<br /> thflnh cfing, Thfii Blnh dfi chia lgi<br /> cfing diln cho nara nfl tfl 18 t u i i trd lfin vfl<br /> vfl 9 xa cua huy§n Tifin Hflng, bfit dfiu tfl<br /> ngfly 1-2-1955, ktft thfle vflo thflng 4-1955.<br /> Sau mtft thdi gian 'lfin xfin" vy "Dflc chua<br /> chia mfit phfin rufing bfin cfing, bfln tfl cho vflo Nam"... dpt 8 triln khai trfin cflc huyfin<br /> nfing dfin, quy djnh giam tfi 25% so vdi edn lgi, efic xfl cdn lgi cua Tifin Hflng, bflt<br /> trfldc. "Bfldc dfiu, binh qufin chitfm hflu dfiu tfl thfing 4-1955, ktft thfle vflo thfing 6<br /> rufing dtft eiia etf nfing Ifi 94m', bfin nfing eflng nflm. Ca hai dyt diu do Dofln I eai<br /> 450m*, trung nfing 1488m', phfl nfing cfich rufing dtft chi dao, ed nhilu dfii, moi<br /> 3600m', dia ehu nhd 11.100m2, dja ehu bfic dpi tfl 8-15 cfin bfi.<br /> trung 18.340m', dja chu ldn 72.000m'... (1). Ciing nhfl d cfic dja phfldng khfic, theo<br /> Trong khfing chitfn ehtfng Phflp, khi "le" lflm gitfng nhau, eai efich rufing dfl't d<br /> vflng du kich md rfing, Tinh iiy Thfii Binh Thai Binh cung titfn hflnh theo cac bfldc;<br /> dfi tfip trung rufing dtft cua Vi$t gian, phfin bfit r l , xfiu chuli, "tim" b i n co nfing nghfio<br /> dfing, rufing vfing chu, tgm ctfp, tgm giao kho, cd ofin thfl dja ehu lfim "cho dya".<br /> cho nfing dfin. Rufing cfing trong vflng du Trong bfldc nfiy, efin bp phai ba cflng (cflng<br /> kfch, dfl to cung dfldc ehia lai, efing bfing ftn, cflng d, ciing Iflm) vdi cfi nghfio, cd khi,<br /> hdn. "Cho dtfn trflde nfim 1955, ctf nong dfi cd thfl...". Budc nfly dflpc "titfn hflnh" trong<br /> cd 192m', b i n ndng 450m', trung ndng thdi gian tfl 7 dtfn 10 ngfly, cd nOi gin den<br /> 920m', phfl nfing chi cdn 2.520m', dia chu 15 ngfiy.<br /> cdn 5.400m', dia chu ehitfm 2,8% dfin so vfi Bfldc thfl hai Ifl "phat dfing" nfing dfin ttf<br /> chitfm lufin 13% ttfng stf rufing dtft trong khi, vach tfii ac vfi thu dogn bfic Ifit cua dja<br /> tinh (2). chu, thfinh Iflp tfia fin (do dofin, dfii chi<br /> Nfim 1953, cai each rufing dtft thflc hi$n djnh) d cfic xa d l xfit xfl dja chii, Dofin, doi<br /> dot mfit thi diem tgi Thfii Nguyfin, dfin thi cd tofin quyln phfin xfl tfl giam tii den tfl<br /> hfinh tdi cac vinh vflng tfl to... tdi cflc dpt 5, hinh. (Trong cai cflch rupng dfl't, Thai Binh<br /> dot 6... Thai Binh cfii cfich rufing dfi't vflo da xfit xfl 1419 dia chu, trong dd cd 362 xit<br /> dpt 7, dpt 8. Dpt 7, titfn hflnh thf dilm d 51 tfl hinh) (3). Bfldc nfly cd t h l kfio dfli dtfn 30<br /> xa thufic hai huyfin Duyfin Ha, Hflng Nhfin ngfiy...<br /> <br /> <br /> TS. Hdi Khoa hoc Lich sil Vi$t Nam<br /> 70 Rghien cflu L|eh afl. atf 11.2009<br /> <br /> Bude thfl ba Ifl "bflt dja chu gifim tfl, 4.993 hd. Nhu vtfy Ifl quy sai (10.255- 4.993<br /> thofli tfi, xfia ny, hofin np cho nfing dfin". = 5.265 htf), ty 1§ quy sai lfi 48,7%.<br /> Trong bude nfly, dja ehii Thfii Blnh dfi thofli - Hg xutfng phfl nfing 1.449 h^.<br /> tfi 2683 tfl'n, 253kg thdc cho nflng dfin. Stf<br /> - Hg xutfng trung nfing 3.233 h^.<br /> thfic nfly dfi dupe chia eho nflng dfln d l Ifi'y<br /> • Hg xutfng bfin nfing 32 hfi.<br /> fln mfl sfin xufl't, ehtfng ddi. Titfp dd lfi ehia<br /> "qua thUe" ruong dfi't, nhfl cfla, trflu bd... - Hg xutfng thflnh p h i n Iao d^ng khflc 65<br /> hd.<br /> Trong cfii cfich rutfng dfi't, bd mfiy ehfnh<br /> quyln ciia nhfl nUdc bj giai thl, xda bd. - Hg xutfng thflnh phfin ft rufing dtft cho<br /> TrUdc tinh cd bay xfi, trong cfii cfich dofln phfit canh vfl thufi ngfldi lflm 169 hfl.<br /> chia lai thfinh 294 xfi, thay dfi'i tfi't efi tfin cu • I Ig xutfng thflnh phfin vifin chflc 11 h^.<br /> ciia xfi thfinh ten m6i (4). Cfin bd xfl gfin - 492 hd "dja chu, cfldng hflo, gian fie"<br /> nhu bj logi gin htft, trong stf I8I7 cfin bd xfi duyc hg xutfng dja chu thudng, 91 hd dupc<br /> chi cd 159 ngudi dupe gifl lgi lflm cflng tfic lfi dja ehii khfing chitfn, 5 hd dupc kifim<br /> vdi dofln, dfii, dang vifin chitfm 17% t i n g stf cfing thUdng. Stf dia chu thudng duyc quy<br /> cfin bd xa vdi 311 ngudi, phfin ldn dflpc ktft trong cfii cfich, dtfn lflc sfla sai cd 28 hfl<br /> nap trong "cfii cfieh". "3196 dang vifin cfl hi 'lfin" dja chu, cfldng hfio, gian fie... (8).<br /> khai trfl, 22 chi bd hi giai tfin, 120 chi bd bj<br /> Sau khi sfla sai, "so dja chu" trong tinh<br /> quy ket cfi Qutfc dan dfing chui vflo lung<br /> cdn 5.328 hp, chitfm 2,14% tong so hd tofln<br /> doan, 35 dang vifin bi XLI bfin" (5).<br /> tinh.<br /> 'Tofin tinh Thai Binh da quy 10.225 hp Doi vdi phu nfing, trong cai each quy ra<br /> Ifi dia chu; da tjch thu, trUng thu 78.666 5.805 hfl, trong cai cfich da quy 21 phfl<br /> mflu rupng (29.135 ha); 7.456 trfiu bd; nfing lfin dja chii. ha thfinh phfin cho 4. 424<br /> 150.000 ta'n lUdng thUc chia cho 170 ngfin phu nfing xuong trung ndng, 6 hfi bfin nfing,<br /> nfing dfin trong tofin tinh (6). 49 hd cho phfit canh thue ngfldi lflm; vifln<br /> Binh quan rufing dtft cho mfit nhfin chflc cd 7 htf. Ktft thfle sfla sai tofln tinh cdn<br /> khfiu sau eai efich nhU sau: 2.783 phfl nfing... (9).<br /> - Dan nghfio: 2 sfio Sfla sai di dfii vdi d i n bfl tfli san. VI<br /> - Co nflng: 2 sflo 8 thUdc rudng dfl't da d i n bfl 6.217 mflu 8 sflo 6<br /> - B i n nong: 2 sfio 12 thUde thflde, trong dd 2.985 mfiu 5 sflo 10 thflde<br /> den bfl cho cfic htf bj quy sai... VI trfiu bd,<br /> - Trung nflng: 3 sflol thudc<br /> trong cai cfich da tich thu, tnttig thu, trflng<br /> - Phfl nong: 4 sfio mua 3.924 con. Khi sfla sai da d i n bfl 1.348<br /> - Dja chu: 1 sflo 8 thude (7) (Trd Igi "\km" con... VI nhfi cfla da trfi lai cho 2.008 hfi<br /> thfinh phfin "vfl san nfing thfln" "nghfio" trong tfi'ng stf 7.301 hd hi tjch thu sai... (10).<br /> nhfi't). D l ehfl'n ehinh t l chflc trong sfla sai, dfiu<br /> Cai efich rufing dfi't thfing ldi ''vfla xong". tifin lfi ehfl'n ehinh tfi' ehfle Dang.<br /> Thai Binh Igi bflt tay vflo "sfla sai". TrUde Trfldc cai efich tofln tinh ed 13.098 dfing<br /> htft lfi sfla sai thflnh p h i n trong nfing dfin. vien (8 cfing nhfin, 6500 bfin etf nfing, 77<br /> - Trong eai each quy 10.255 hfi lfi dja con dia chu, 5 dang vifin ft r u d n ^ . Trong<br /> ehu, khi sfla sai da ha thflnh phfin eho cai cflch dfi xfl ly 8.700 dang vifin, khai trfl<br /> stf lieu ve cAi each rupng dtft..<br /> <br /> 5.211 ngudi, giai tfin vfi cho tfl rut lui 3.498 Nhfin djnh v l nhflng thitfu sfit bfin canh<br /> ngUdi... Khi sfla sai da phuc h i i 7.288 dfing thfing lpi, Tinh iiy Thfii Binh ktft lufin: "do<br /> vifin, 7.191 ndng dan; 43 phfl ndng, 2 dja khfing nfim vflng vfi khong vfin dyng dung<br /> chu, 13 eon phfl nflng, 20 con dja chii, 1.421 dfldng ldi ciia Dang, cai cfich rudng dtft (d<br /> ngfldi khflng dflpc trfi Igi dang tieh (1.001 Thfli Binh) da mfic nhilu sai lfim cd tinh<br /> nfing dan, 135 phfl nfing, 202 dja chii, 26 nguyfin tfic v l chinh dtfn t l chflc, vl danh<br /> con phfl nfing, 57 con dja chfl). Trong stf djch vfl ve dfldng Ifii giai ctfp d nfing thfin.<br /> nfiy ed 7 bf thfl, phd bf thU chi bd; 44 chi fly Cfing vide sfla sai d Thfii Binh bfit diu tfl<br /> vien. 25/7/1956 vfi hofln thfinh trong thang<br /> Hofin thfinh cfing tfic sfla sai, tofin tinh 10/1957 (14).<br /> cd 15.371 dfing vifin (12.508 dang vifin cu; Trong 'Thfl gfli dong bfio ndng thdn vfi<br /> 2.963 dang vifin radi...). Trong sfla sai dfi efin bd nhfin djp cai cfich rufing dfi't cd ban<br /> phyc hoi 262 bf thfl, phfi bf thfl, 755 chi iiy hofin thfinh", Chu tjch H i Chf Minh da chi<br /> vien (trong td'ng so 269 bf thfl, phd bf thU ra nguyfin nhfin eua nhflng sai llm trong<br /> vfl 799 bj xfl ly sai). cai cfich rudng dtft lfi: "vi ke dich pha hoai<br /> difin cuing, vi mpt stf can bfl ta chfla nflm<br /> TrUdc cai cfich tofln tinh cd 169 chi bp,<br /> vflng chfnh sfich, chfla thUc sU di dung<br /> trong cai cfich 31 chi bfl bj giai tfin, sfla sai<br /> dudng ldi q u i n chflng, vi sU lanh dao ciia<br /> da khfii phuc lai du 31 ehi bfi.<br /> TU" Dang vfl Chfnh phu ed chS thitfu cu thl,<br /> Doi vdi cfin bp ehfnh quyen, trong cai thitfu kiem tra, dfin dtfc cho nfin da xay ra<br /> each da cho nghi vfl ehuyin cdng tfic 899 nhflng khuyet dilm, sai llm trong vific<br /> can bfi UBHC xa. Sfla sai da phuc hdi cho dofin ktft nfing thfin, dfinh ke djch, vific<br /> so nfly vfl bo sung thfira, d l tofin tinh cfi ehfl'n ehinh tfi' chflc trong chfnh sach thutf<br /> 2.786 uy vien UBHC xa (247 Ifi phy nfl, 91 ndng nghifip" (15).<br /> ngudi cflng gifio, 1.669 bfin co nfing, 1.058<br /> Trong Hdi nghj TU" Un thfl 10, Chu tjch<br /> trung nong, 59 thupe thfinh phfin lao dpng<br /> Ho Chi Minh da ty phg binh: "vi thieu dan<br /> khfic... (11).<br /> ehu ngn nghe ft, thfl'y ft... tfii nhfin trach<br /> Cflc ddi tUOng khfic bj xfl ly khdng dung nhifim trong lue sfing gifi nfiy" (16).<br /> trong cai each nhfl cdng an, dofln vien,<br /> Nflm 1996, Bfi chfnh trj Dang dfi tfl<br /> thanh nifin, dfin qufin du kich... eung da<br /> nhfin xfit: "trong mdt so linh vflc vfl mot stf<br /> dupc sfla sai.<br /> eflng tfie, khi hpc tfip vfin dyng kinh<br /> Doi vdi dong bao theo dao Thifin chua vfl nghiem cua each mang Trung Quoe (ta da)<br /> mfit stf linh raue, tu si, mot stf ding bfio ed nhflng bilu hifin rfip khudn, mfiy mde,<br /> theo dao Phfit sfl sai bi da kieh, quan chg', bflt dfiu phgm khuyet dilm mang tinh chfl't<br /> tfl dfly (da so bi oan) cung dfi dfldc sfla sai, gifio dilu vao nhflng nfim cudi cua cufic<br /> din bfl. Da tra lai tfl do cho hai linh muc, khang ehitfn (ehtfng Phfip). Mflc dfl, cai<br /> tra lai d6 thd eung vfi so tien lfi 1.585 dong, each chi mdi Ifim thf dilm nhUng le ra nd cd<br /> 124 mflu 7 sfio 3 thflde, giai quytft xong 184 t h l giai quytft vfi'n d l rupng dfl't vfi quyln<br /> dinh chfla trong stf 224 ndi sai pham (12). lpi eua ndng dfin bfing nhflng cfich nhfl ta<br /> Trong sfla sai bflde mdt da tra ty do cho da lflm: ehia rupng dfi't cua chu tfl ban<br /> 1.258 ngudi, bfldc thfl hai 736 ngfldi (13). Phfip vfi vifit gian phan dfing, chia cfing<br /> 72 Rghian cihi Ljch sit, atf 11.2009<br /> <br /> diln, cfing thl cho nflng dfln, thye hidn nfira trong Lifin khu 3, khu tfi nggn ndi cd<br /> gifim tfi, gifim tflc" (17). nhflng sai lfim nghifim trpng, phi bitfn kfio<br /> Nhin thfing vfio sy thtft, nhin rfi nhflng dfli vl nhilu raflt. Xfit dtfn cflng, dd Ifl sal<br /> di efin cho tdi ngfly nay trfin phgm vi cfi lfim "tfi khuynh giflo dilu" (19).<br /> nfldc vfl rifing d Thfii Binh cho dtfn nhflng Trudc nhflng nfim 1963, 1955 trong bfli<br /> nflm m&'t In djnh 15 n&m trfldc d Thfii "Hoa sen", Bfic Hi dfi gyi y cd thl vfln ddng<br /> Blnh- cd thl ktft lufln rfing "dd lfi nhflng sai cfic diln chu hitfn diln nhfl cflc dng Dd {^nh<br /> Ifim nghifira trpng mang ntfng b^nh giflo Thidn... Nhflng "cfich lflm" nfly ciia Bfic<br /> dilu, ta khuynh chfl khdng nhg nhfing chi khdng dupc chtfp nhtfn, vtfn d^mgrafl"thfch"<br /> lfi raang "tfnh chfi't giflo dilu" (18). Ifim mdt "Didn Bifin" trong eai eflch "long trdi<br /> Thfii Binh rdi vflo sau dpt 5, dyt 6 cd Id dtftf',raflnhiing "cfinh tupng thfi thfim cung<br /> mfle dfi sai llm nghifim trpng nhtft "Igl" khfing thl kl htfr (Ttf Hihi) (20).<br /> <br /> CHU THtCH<br /> (1), (2). Tinh iiy Th&i Blnh. TH dii'n Thdi Btnh. (17). Ban chl d^o ttfng ktft ehtfng Thgc d&n<br /> 2010, tr. 124. Ph&p tryc thufic Bfi Chfnh trj. Ting kA cudc khdng<br /> (3), (4), (5). Tinh iiy Th&i Binh, TU Diin Thdi chiin chdng Phdp thdng l^ vd bdi hge. Nxb. Chfnh<br /> Binh. sdd, tr. 333- 334. trj Qude gia. Hfl N^i. 1996. tr. 232- 233.<br /> (6). (7), (8), (9), (10). Tinh ily Thfti Binh, Tit (18). Nguyin Vfln Khoan, Nhin lgi cu^c cdi<br /> Biin Thdi Binh, add, tr. 135.125, 807, 806, 806. cdeh rudng ddt d Hdi Phdng, KUn An, Tgp chf<br /> (11). (12). Tinh iiy Th&i Binh, Tit Diin Thdi Nghiin cOu Lfch aCt, stf 6-2(X)7, tr. 28.<br /> Binh. add, tr. 806-807.<br /> (19). Ly Vifit Quang, Bdng ldnh difo cdi each<br /> (13), (14). T^nh ily Th6i Binh, Tit Diin Thdi<br /> ru^ng ddt d Bdc Bd tit 1945 dih ndm 1957, Tdm<br /> Binh, edd, tr. 308, 125.<br /> tfit Lufln &n titfn ai, 2011. Ban luu tgi vi$n H i Chf<br /> (15). HS Chi Minh Todn tdp. Tftp VIII, Nxb.<br /> Minh.<br /> Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Hft N$i, 1995, tr. 236.<br /> (16). Sau khi thi hftnh m$t stf c&n b9 (Hoftng (20). DUdng Trung Qude, Ddn cdy cd rufng, Lao<br /> QuSc Vi?t, H I Viet ThSng). H§i nghj dfl bflu H i ddng cutfl t u l a , 26/2/2012.<br /> Chf Minh Iftm T i n g bf thU BCH TU" Dang (Wtf Chl - Xin dpc t h i m : L l Xufin Khoa, Vi4t Nam 1945-<br /> Minh biin niin tiiu sd. Nxb. Ly lufln chfnh trj, Hft 1995, (Chitang UI, Chtnh sdch cdi each ru^ng d&),<br /> N§i, 2006, tr. 483. Nxb. Tiln R i n g , Hoa Ky, 2004.<br />