Study of specific energy in elastic phase of the different metallic materials: aluminium, copper and steel

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For this, the present work aims to familiarize the mechanical behavior of different materials, in our study we performed a comparison between the different specific energies elastic phase of the elements of study.

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Nội dung Text: Study of specific energy in elastic phase of the different metallic materials: aluminium, copper and steel

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 10, Issue 03, March 2019, pp. 1894-1899. Article ID: IJMET_10_03_192 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=3 ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed STUDY OF SPECIFIC ENERGY IN ELASTIC PHASE OF THE DIFFERENT METALLIC MATERIALS: ALUMINIUM, COPPER AND STEEL H. Ouaomar Industrial Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sultan MoulaySlimane University, BeniMellal, Morocco. M. Lahlou and M. El Ghorba Laboratory of Control and Mechanical Characterization of Materials and Structures, National Higher School of Electricity and Mechanics, BP 8118 Oasis, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco N. Mouhib Laboratory of Control and Mechanical Characterization of Materials and Structures, National Higher School of Electricity and Mechanics, BP 8118 Oasis, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco ISEM/Higher Institute of Maritims Studies, Km 7 Road El Jadida Casablanca Morocco ABSTRACT Metallic materiels require a compromise of mechanical and energy characteristics to achieve the desired functions. They often face aggressive conditions such as mechanical vibration, heat stress, penetration of moisture or even abuse. These conditions favor the appearance of more or less serious defects ranging from a simple crack in the material. However, To better predict their ruin, it is important to understand the mechanical behavior of the materials and their damage mode depending on the type of load they undergo and either the generated default. The reliability of materials is an important concept to be regarded in estimating service life of materials. For this, the present work aims to familiarize the mechanical behavior of different materials, in our study we performed a comparison between the different specific energies elastic phase of the elements of study. http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1894 editor@iaeme.com
H. Ouaomar, M. Lahlou, M. El Ghorba and N. Mouhib Thus, the aim of this paper is to study the mechanical behavior of aluminium and copper materials used in electric cables and the P265GH steel material used in pressure tank. Keywords: aluminium; copper; reliability; P265GH steel; Electric cable; specific energy. Cite this Article H. Ouaomar, M. Lahlou, M. El Ghorba and N. Mouhib, Study of Specific Energy in Elastic Phase of the Different Metallic Materials: Aluminium, Copper and Steel, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 10(3), 2019, pp. 1894-1899. http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=3 1. INTRODUCTION Until now, metallic materials have experienced intrinsic modifications to adapt the mechanical, physical and environmental constraints increasingly severe. The increase in high loads, aging makes it increasingly important to be able to understand the mechanical behavior of different materials and all its constituent elements. The specific energy in elastic phase is a clean mechanical property of each material, it is characterized by the intrinsic characteristics of the material: Young's modulus, yield strength and bulk density. This energy has the ability of a material to withstand the mechanical stresses faced without suffering irreversible damage. The aim of our work is to treat the mechanical behavior of the different elements of study while supporting our results with a comparative study between the different specific energies elastic phase of the various materials. The three studied samples are copper wire extracted from underground electric cable LV U1000R2V and Aluminium wire extracted from underground electric cable LV H1XDVAS,and P265GH steel material used in pressure tank industry. Every conductor strand is made up of several wires wrapped in successive layers around a central core wire. Thus, their wires require a detailed study because of the harmful effects of their failure on the entire electrical system. The purpose of our work is to treat the results of mechanical tests applied to aluminum copper and steel. All trials are conducted under the guidelines prescribed by the appropriate standards for each type of test . The aim of this paper is to analyse the mechanical behavior of three type of metallic materials. A comparative study is conducted in order to review the various advantages and disadvantages of each material [1]. 2. EXPERIMENTATION 2.1. Specimens study The Metallic materials that are the subject of our analysis are:- aluminium wire used in Cable BT AS H1 XDV 3240 ALU + 95.- copper wire used in U1000 R2V cable 416. - P265GH steel material used in pressure tank. http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1895 editor@iaeme.com
Study of Specific Energy in Elastic Phase of the Different Metallic Materials: Aluminium, Copper and Steel Figure 1 Schematic of aluminum wire specimen [2] Figure 2 Schematic of copper wire specimen [3]. Figure 3 specimen of P265GH steel material [4]. 2.2. Mechanical characterization In order to characterize mechanically this material, a tensile test is applied to specimens according to the standard. Figure 4 Stress-strain curve of aluminum material http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1896 editor@iaeme.com
H. Ouaomar, M. Lahlou, M. El Ghorba and N. Mouhib Figure 5 Stress strain of P265GH steel material Figure 6 Stress-strain curve of copper material Different mechanical properties are summarized in the table 1. Table 3 . Mechanical properties of aluminum wire and copper wire and steel material Elastic stress Young Breaking stress Strain 𝝈𝒆(MPa) modulus 𝝈𝒓(MPa) 𝜺(%) E(GPa) Aluminium 120 23 2.5 71 wire Copper wire 358 369 30 124 P265GH steel 320 460 35 210 http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1897 editor@iaeme.com
Study of Specific Energy in Elastic Phase of the Different Metallic Materials: Aluminium, Copper and Steel 3. THEORETICAL STUDY 3.1. Calculating the specific energy in elastic phase Energy of a system is the potential to perform work or produce heat. The specific energy in elastic phase is the energy associated with the elastic deformation of a material[5]. The absorption capacity and energy release per unit mass of a substance undergo elastic deformation is expressed by the relationship [6]: 𝑤 𝜎2 = in joule/kg 𝑚 2×𝜌×𝐸 with ρ: the density in kg / m3 E: Young modulus in MPa σ: maximum stress in MPa So for the different components of our cable we studied the results summarized in the following table: Table 2. Specify energy of different component: Specify energy(J/Kg) Aluminium wire 3.8 Copper wire 0.61 Steel material 304 We note that the specific energy in the elastic phase of steel material is enormously interesting in relation to copper and aluminum material, this difference is due to the importance of mechanical and environmental constraints that faced the steel material and their essential role conduction of electric current. On the other hand, the aluminum and copper material are protected by two types of outer sheath ,that’s mean their principal function is transmission of electric energy and not a mechanical role like the steel material that need a high life time[7]. 4. CONCLUSION The constituent materials of the electric cables require a compromise of mechanical and electrical characteristics to achieve the desired functions, that why aluminum and copper wire don’t have a high specific energy, in the other hand ,the P265GH steel material used in pressure tank need a strong mechanical characteristic and a high specific energy to achieve its hard mission to protect environment and having a long life time. REFERENCES [1] H.Ouaomar, N.Mouhib, M.Lahlou, M. El Ghorba . “Mechanical behavior and statistical study of aluminum wires belonging to low voltage underground electrical cable” International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 06–10, 2015. [2] ISO 6801-1 (International Organization for Standardization standard electrical cables). [3] Norme française NF C 33-210 Câbles isolés basse tension souterrains pour les branchements des abonnés. [4] E606 / E606M - 12 ASTM Standard Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing. http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1898 editor@iaeme.com
H. Ouaomar, M. Lahlou, M. El Ghorba and N. Mouhib [5] S.BENSAADA "mechanical and electrical properties of electric copper cable under the influence of thermo mechanical treatments" Courrier du Savoir "No. 13, April 2012, pp.83- 88 [6] M.Lahlou; A.Hachim; N.Mouhib1 ;H.Ouaomar ;M.Rachik& M.El Ghorba’’Numerical modeling and analytical validation of stress intensity factor . of stress intensity factor of P265GHs steel.’’ International Journal of Research (IJR)e-ISSN: 2348-6848, p- ISSN: 2348-795X Volume 2, Issue 06, June 2015 [7] H.OUAOMAR, N.MOUHIB, M. LAHLOU,A.TIJANI, M. EL GHORBA " Mechanical study of hole specimens extracted from the outer sheath of an underground electrical cable LV H1XDVAS and subjected to tensile test" International Journal of Research6(2015):pp,484-488 http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 1899 editor@iaeme.com