The gap between competency self- evaluations and experienced pharmacists’ perceived competency evaluations regarding the Japanese 6-year pharmacy education programme

: This research suggests that the gap of competency evaluations that exists between experienced 4-YP pharmacists and 6-YP pharmacists could also occur between pharmacists and patients or other health workers. Therefore, we must identify the underlying reasons for this gap based on quality assurance indicators or a competency framework, and we finally must advocate for the role of pharmacists in Japanese society in near future.