The use of pistia stratiotes in domestic sewage water treatment from natural lakes and ponds at khanh an commune, An Phu district, AnGiang province

AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol. 7 (4), 33 – 38<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> THE USE OF PISTIA STRATIOTES IN DOMESTIC SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT<br /> FROM NATURAL LAKES AND PONDS AT KHANH AN COMMUNE,<br /> AN PHU DISTRICT, AN GIANG PROVINCE<br /> <br /> Nguyen Tran Thien Khanh1, Le Cong Quyen2, Nguyen Xuan Lan2<br /> 1<br /> An Giang University, VNU – HCM<br /> 2<br /> Center for Natural Resources and Environment Monitoring and Technology, An Giang<br /> <br /> Information: ABSTRACT<br /> Received: 25/04/2019<br /> The paper indicates that Pistia stratiotes were used for wastewater treatment<br /> Accepted: 27/09/2019<br /> about twenty days with 0 individual/tank, five individuals/tank, seven<br /> Published: 11/2019<br /> individuals/tank, nine individuals/tank. Every experiment was conducted<br /> Keywords: three times in the same way with 140 L for each tank. The experimental<br /> Pistia stratiotes, domestic result shows that the amount of Pistia stratiotes increases and reach the<br /> sewage, Khanh An lakes and highest quality in Treatment 3 on the 15th day. The treatment performance<br /> ponds of BOD5, COD, TKN, and TP content of Treatment 3 using Pistia stratiotes<br /> on the 20th day is high varying from 63.9 % to 96.4 %.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. INTRODUCTION protein, 0,3% fat, 2,6% carbohydrate, 0,9% raw<br /> Today, Khanh An commune, An Phu district, fiber and 1,9% mineral substances(mostly kali<br /> An Giang province applies the method of and phosphorus), the leaf is rich in vitamins<br /> digging pond to treat domestic wastewater with A&C (Khare, C.P. 2005). Mohapatra S.B and<br /> aquatic plants with an area of 600 m2. However, Patra A.K, (2014) concluded that P. stratiotes<br /> up to now, the domestic waste water from the Can be used as a main raw material in mixing<br /> pond after being discharged into the Hau River feed for carp.<br /> still exceeds QCVN 14: 2008 many times. In order to provide more solutions to improve<br /> Sinha, S et al (2006) stated that Pistia stratiotes the water in Khanh An lake, it is necessary to<br /> is a species capable of removing organic study the density of Pistia stratiotes.<br /> compounds in wastewater. Nguyen Thanh Loc, 2. RESEARCH METHOD<br /> Vo Thi Cam Thu et al (2015) showed that 2.1 Seedling preparation<br /> treatment performance of Pistia stratiotes for<br /> Pistia stratiotes collected from waterbody in<br /> water quality parameters such as: TKN, TP,<br /> An Giang province. Pistia stratiotes seedling<br /> BOD5 and COD respectively at 65,5 % ,<br /> after collect is washed thoroughly with clean<br /> 95,81%, 67,20% and 74,73%.<br /> water. Then choosing the strong, healthy plants,<br /> Pistia stratiotes contains different types of pest-free and relatively similar in height and<br /> alkaloids: glycosides, flavonoid and growth period. The roots will be cut, leaving<br /> phytosterol. Leaf and stem contain 1,4%<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 33<br /> AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol. 7 (4), 33 – 38<br /> <br /> 0.5 cm from the root and cut off the small collected and analyzed according to standards<br /> seedlings. The plants will be put into APPA, AWWA and WEF (2005). The duration<br /> rectangular plastic containers containing clean of collecting sampling period is 5 days per time<br /> water with a volume of 157.5 L (length 0.7 m x (the first time is from the beginning of<br /> width 0.5 m x height 0.45 m) in 2 days (Nguyen experiment arrangement). Water samples are<br /> Thanh Loc et al., 2015). analyzed immediately after collection; In case<br /> 2.2 Waste water preparation of unsuccessful analysis, the sample will be<br /> stored in accordance to the standard of TCVN<br /> Wastewater is transported from Khanh An Lake<br /> 6663-3 : 2008.<br /> to the testing location and immediately put into<br /> the testing units (transportation time is about 2 2.4.2 Collecting and analyzing Pistia<br /> hours). stratiotes samples<br /> <br /> 2.3 Experimental arrangement Pistia stratiotes in all 3 treatments were<br /> collected based on two indicators including<br /> The experiment was arranged in a completely<br /> density and number of leaves per individual.<br /> randomized manner with 4 treatments with<br /> The sampling period of Pistia stratiotes is the<br /> different density of Pistia stratiotes densities: 0<br /> same as the water samples (Théophile Fonkou<br /> individual / tank, 5 individuals / tank, 7<br /> et al. 2002).<br /> individuals / tank, 9 individuals / tank. Each<br /> treatment was set up for 3 times with the 2.5 Data processing methods<br /> amount of waste water arranged in each tank of The data was synthesized using MS Excel<br /> 140 L. The experimental arrangement was 20 software. First, the variance is analyzed then<br /> days (Théophile Fonkou et al. 2002). No tested via Duncan using SPSS 18.0 software to<br /> additional waste water was added during the evaluate the ability of water quality treatment<br /> experiment. indicators and the quantity of Pistia stratiotes in<br /> 2.4 Method of collecting and analyzing the experimental treatments.<br /> indicators 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION<br /> 2.4.1 Collecting and analyzing water samples 3.1 Characteristics of input waste water<br /> Water sample analysis criteria includes The analysis of the input wastewater shows that<br /> biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical the concentration of pollutants in the<br /> oxygen demand (COD), Total Kjeldahl wastewater is quite high as shown in Table 1.<br /> Nitrogen (TKN), Total phosphorus (TP) were<br /> Table 1. Characteristics of wastewater used in the experiment<br /> <br /> Indicator Unit Value QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (Column A)<br /> BOD5 mg/L 105.67 ± 2.52 30<br /> COD mg/L 206.33 ± 9.07 70*<br /> TKN mg/L 15.4 ± 0.3 35<br /> TP mg/L 3.63 ± 0.13 6<br /> (*) TCVN 6980: 2001, Q > 200 m3/s, F1<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 34<br /> AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol. 7 (4), 33 – 38<br /> <br /> TKN and TP indicator respectively are 15.4 ± and Treatment 3 increases over time and<br /> 0.3mg/L and 3.63 ± 0.13mg/L lower than reaches the highest value on the 15th day. From<br /> QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (Column A). the 15th to the 20th day, the number of Pistia<br /> However, BOD5, and COD indicators stratiotes is decreasing. This is due to the fact<br /> respectively are 105.67 mg/L, 206.33 ± that the Pistia stratiotes starts to die at this<br /> 9.07mg/L much higher than allowed by law. stage because the nutrient content in water is<br /> Therefore, the wastewater does not meet the very low while the quantity of Pistia stratiotes<br /> standards and is required more treatment before is high.<br /> being discharged. The difference in the number of Pistia stratiotes<br /> 3.2 Quantity growth of Pistia stratiotes in the treatments is statistically significant at the<br /> The results in Figure 1 show that the number of significance level ( = 0.05).<br /> Pistia stratiotes in Treatment 1, Treatment 2<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Figure 1. Growth in the quantity of Pistia stratiotes over time<br /> 3.3 Waste water treatment capacity of Pistia Meanwhile, control treatment does not arrange<br /> stratiotes Pistia stratiotes, BOD5 content is at high level,<br /> 3.3.1 The treatment performance of BOD5 exceeding QCVN 14: 2008 / BTNMT. The<br /> content using Pistia stratiotes over time content of BOD5 in different treatments was<br /> statistically significant ( = 0.05)<br /> The results in Table 2 show that BOD5 content<br /> decreases along with the experiment time. All 3 Treatment performance of BOD5 content in<br /> treatments using Pistia stratiotes to treat BOD5 water in 3 Treatment using Pistia stratiotes at<br /> content in water at day 20 was lower than day 20 was quite high: Treatment 1: 80.1%,<br /> QCVN 14: 2008 / BTNMT (column A). Treatment 2: 84.2% and Treatment 3: 88%.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 35<br /> AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol. 7 (4), 33 – 38<br /> Table 2. BOD5 content of treatments over time (mg/L)<br /> <br /> Treatment Day 0 Day 5 Day 10 Day 15 Day 20 (*) (**)<br /> 105.7 ± 2.5 93.3 ± 1.5 82.3 ± 3.2 75.3 ± 1.5 68.0 ± 2.0 35.6<br /> Control a a a a a<br /> <br /> <br /> 105.7 ± 2.5 86.3 ± 3.5 57.7 ± 1.2 37.3 ± 4.7 21.0 ± 2.7 80.1<br /> Treatment1 a b b b b<br /> <br /> <br /> 105.7 ± 2.5 84.7 ± 3.8 55.3 ± 2.5 35.3 ± 2.3 16.6 ± 1.5 84.2 30<br /> Treatment2 a b b b c<br /> <br /> <br /> 105.7 ± 2.5 74.7 ± 4.2 45.7 ± 2.9 31.0 ± 1.0 12.7 ± 2.1 88.0<br /> Treatment3 a c c c d<br /> <br /> <br /> Note: On the same column, values with different characters mean that the difference is statistically significant ( =<br /> 0.05); Average value ± Std<br /> (*): Treatment performance of day 20 (%)<br /> (**): QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (Column A)<br /> <br /> <br /> 3.3.2 The treatment performance of COD decomposed into an easily absorbed ion form<br /> content using Pistia stratiotes over time for growth.<br /> Table 3 shows the COD content at the 15th day The treatment performance of COD content in 3<br /> in Treatment 2, Treatment 3 and the 20th day in treatments using Pistia stratiotes on day 20 was<br /> 3 treatments is lower than the permitted level of quite high respectively Treatment1: 72%,<br /> TCVN 6980: 2001, Q> 200 m3 / s, F1 and the Treatment2: 78.7% and Treatment3: 84.3%.<br /> wastewater is allowed to be discharged directly This result is quite similar to the study of<br /> to the receiving source. The results showed that Nguyen Thanh Loc et al. (2015) and Théophile<br /> Pistia stratiotes used organic matter to be Fonkou et al. (2002).<br /> <br /> Table 3. COD values of treatments over time (mg/L)<br /> <br /> Treatment Day 0 Day 5 Day 10 Day 15 Day 20 (**) (*)<br /> 206.3 ± 9.1 190.3 ± 3.5 175.0 ± 4.6 159.0 ± 1.0 145.0 ± 4.6 a 29.7<br /> Control a a a a<br /> <br /> <br /> 206.3 ± 9.1 149.0 ± 6.1 98.3 ± 5.7 86.7 ± 2.1 57.7 ± 4.9 b 72.0<br /> Treatment1 a b b b<br /> <br /> <br /> 206.3 ± 9.1 140.7 ± 6.4 82.3 ± 3.2 68.0 ± 1.0 44.0 ± 3.0 c 78.7<br /> Treatment2 a b c c<br /> 70<br /> <br /> 206.3 ± 9.1 116.3 ± 4.0 55.7 ±2.5 d 45.3 ± 1.5 32.3 ± 2.5 d 84.3<br /> Treatment3 a c d<br /> <br /> <br /> Note: On the same column, values with different characters mean that the difference is statistically significant ( =<br /> 0.05); Average value ± Std<br /> (*):Treatment performance of day 20 (%)<br /> (**): TCVN 6980: 2001, Q > 200 m3/s, F1<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 36<br /> AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol. 7 (4), 33 – 38<br /> <br /> 3.3.3 The treatment performance of TKN at 71.1%. On day 20, it is at 71.1%. In<br /> content using Pistia stratiotes over time Treatment 3, the number of Pistia stratiotes<br /> When comparing the results of the number of increases a lot. TKN content treatment<br /> Pistia stratiotes in the Treatments, it shows that efficiency reaches the highest in Treatment 3 at<br /> the amount of TKN content decreases, the 83,6%. This result is higher than stated in the<br /> weight of the Pistia stratiotes individuals study of Nguyen Thanh Loc et al., (2015). The<br /> increase along with the experiment time. In difference in the ability of TKN content<br /> particular, in Treatment 1, the number of Pistia treatment of Pistia stratiotes in the treatments is<br /> stratiotes is the lowest, the treatment statistically significant ( = 0.05). The data are<br /> performance of TKN content of Treatment 1 is shown in Table 4.<br /> <br /> Table 4. TKN values of the treatments over time (mg/L)<br /> <br /> Treatment Day 0 Day 5 Day 10 Day 15 Day 20 (*) (**)<br /> Control 15.4 ± 0.3 a 13.73 ± 0.2 a 12.47 ± 0.4 a 11.60 ± 0.2 a 10.57 ± 0.2 a 31.4<br /> Treatment1 15.4 ± 0.3 a 10.66 ± 0.9 b 7.40 ± 0.1 b 5.70 ± 0.4 b 4.45 ± 0.2 b 71.1<br /> Treatment2 15.4 ± 0.3 a 10.47 ± 0.1 b 7.10 ± 0.2 b 5.31 ± 0.3 b 4.12 ± 0.3 b 73.2 35<br /> <br /> Treatment3 15.4 ± 0.3 a 9.76 ± 0.3 c 6.52 ± 0.1 c 3.99 ± 0.1 c 2.52 ± 0.3 c 83.6<br /> Note: On the same column, values with different characters mean that the difference is statistically significant (  =<br /> 0.05); Average value ± Std<br /> (*):Treatment performance of day (%)<br /> (*): QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (column A)<br /> 3.3.4 The treatment performance of TP content the control treatment not using Pistia stratiotes,<br /> using Pistia stratiotes over time the treatment performance of TP content is only<br /> Table 5 shows the change in TP content in at 33.3%. Thus, we conclude that aquatic plants<br /> outlet wastewater compared to untreated input take nutrients in wastewater to serve their<br /> wastewater. This proves that aquatic plants play growth and at the same time contributes to<br /> an important role in phosphorus removal. The pollutants removal in the water. The difference<br /> treatment performance of TP content of 3 in the treatment performance of TKN content of<br /> Treatments with Pistia stratiotes at day 20 was Pistia stratiotes in the treatments is statistically<br /> very high. Treatment 1: 63.9%, Treatment 2: significant ( = 0.05).<br /> 74.7% and Treatment 3: 96.4%. Meanwhile, in<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 37<br /> AGU International Journal of Sciences – 2019, Vol. 7 (4), 33 – 38<br /> Table 5. TP values of treatments over time (mg/L)<br /> <br /> Treatment Day 0 Day 5 Day 10 Day 15 Day 20 (*) (**)<br /> Control 3.63 ± 0.13 a 3.24 ± 0.05a 2.86 ± 0.07a 2.56 ± 0.09a 2.42 ± 0.25a 33.3<br /> Treatment1 3.63 ± 0.13 a 2.88 ± 0.12b 2.11 ± 0.08d 1.90 ± 0.15b 1.31 ± 0.18b 63.9 6<br /> Treatment2 3.63 ± 0.13a 2.62 ± 0.13c 1.55 ± 0.17c 1.25 ± 0.03c 0.92 ± 0.12c 74.7<br /> a d d d d<br /> Treatment3 3.63 ± 0.13 2.16 ± 0.03 1.26 ± 0.09 0.80 ± 0.09 0.13 ± 0.04 96.4<br /> Note: On the same column, values with different characters mean that the difference is statistically significant ( =<br /> 0.05); Average value ± Std<br /> (*):Treatment performance of day 20 (%)<br /> (*): QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (column A)<br /> 4. CONCLUSION AND Khare, C.P. 2005. Encyclopedia of Indian<br /> RECOMMENDATIONS medicinal plants. Berlin Heidelberg,<br /> 4.1 Conclusion Germany: Springer-Verlag. p. 372.<br /> <br /> The number of Pistia stratiotes increases over Mohapatra S.B & Patra A.K. (2014).<br /> the experimental period and reached the highest Evaluation of nutritional value of water<br /> number in Treatment 3 on day 15. lettuce (pistia stratiotes) meal as partial<br /> substitution for fish meal on the growth<br /> During the test, environmental factors decreases<br /> performance of cyprinus carpio fry.<br /> over time. The treatment efficiency of BOD5<br /> International Journal of Agricultural Science<br /> content in water in 3 NT with Pistia stratiotes<br /> and Research (IJASR) ISSN(P): 2250-0057;<br /> arrangement at day 20 is quite high<br /> ISSN(E): 2321-0087 Vol. 4, Issue 3, Jun<br /> respectively, Treatment 1: 80.1% to 88%. The<br /> 2014, 147-154.<br /> highest treatment performance of COD content<br /> in Treatment 3: 84.3%. Treatment performance Nguyen Thanh Loc, Vo Thị Cam Thu, Nguyen<br /> of TKN content ranges from 71.1% to 83.6%. Truc Linh, Dang Cuong Thinh, Phung Thi<br /> Finally, treatment performance of TP content is Hang and Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan. (2015).<br /> very high in Treatment 1: from 63.9% to Evaluate the effectiveness of domestic<br /> 96.4%. Treatment 3 has the highest treatment wastewater treatment of some types of<br /> performance. aquatic plants. Can Tho University: Topic:<br /> Environment and climate change (2015):<br /> 4.2 Recommendations<br /> 119-128.<br /> It is very important to continue to research<br /> Sinha, S., A.K. Gupta, K. Bhatt, K. Pandey,<br /> domestic wastewater treatment in the lakes of<br /> U.N. Rai and K.P.Singh. (2006). Environ.<br /> Khanh An commune, An Phu district, An Giang<br /> Monitor. Assess., 80: 17-31.<br /> province by Pistia stratiotes in continuous flow<br /> system. Théophile Fonkou, Philip Agendia, Ives<br /> Kengne, Amougou Akoa & Jean Nya,<br /> REFERENCES<br /> (2002). Potentials of water lettuce (Pistia<br /> APHA, AWWA & WEF. (2005). 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