Thí nghiệm kỹ thuật xung - Bài 2

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MẠCH XÉN VÀ MẠCH SO SÁNH A. MỤC ĐÍCH – YÊU CẦU : Yêu cầu : Sinh viên cần xem lại các kiến thức về đặc tính chuyển mạch ở chế độ xác lập và quá độ của các linh kiện bán dẫn như điốđ nắn điện, điốđ ổn áp (Diode zener), transistor hai mối nối (BJT), vi mạch tuyến tính (Op – Amp). Mục đích : Khảo sát các phương pháp tạo : Mạch xén tín hiệu Mạch so sánh điện áp.

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Nội dung Text: Thí nghiệm kỹ thuật xung - Bài 2

Taøi lieäu thí nghieäm Xung Phoøng thí nghieäm Xung Soá Lôùp :……………………………………………….. KYÕ THUAÄT XUNG Ca :……………. Nhoùm :…………………… BAØI SOÁ 2 Teân :………………………………………………. MAÏCH XEÙN VAØ MAÏCH SO SAÙNH Ngaøy : …….……/…….…/……………….... A. MUÏC ÑÍCH – YEÂU CAÀU : Yeâu caàu : Sinh vieân caàn xem laïi caùc kieán thöùc veà ñaëc tính chuyeån maïch ôû cheá ñoä xaùc laäp vaø quaù ñoä cuûa caùc linh kieän baùn daãn nhö ñioáñ naén ñieän, ñioáñ oån aùp (Diode zener), transistor hai moái noái (BJT), vi maïch tuyeán tính (Op – Amp). Muïc ñích : Khaûo saùt caùc phöông phaùp taïo : Maïch xeùn tín hieäu Maïch so saùnh ñieän aùp. B. DUÏNG CUÏ – LINH KIEÄN : • Thieát bò thí nghieäm chính DTS-21 • Dao ñoäng kyù. • Caùc linh kieän rôøi: Ñieän trôû : 10KΩ, 1KΩ, 100KΩ Diode naén ñieän: 1N 941 hay 1N4007 Diode oån aùp 2 ñioáñ coù Vz=3,6V Transistor : 2SC 828 Vi maïch tuyeán tính (Op –Amp µA741). Trang 14
Taøi lieäu thí nghieäm Xung Phoøng thí nghieäm Xung Soá C. NOÄI DUNG THÍ NGHIEÄM: I. MAÏCH XEÙN DUØNG DIODE : 1. Maïch xeùn noái tieáp : - Maéc maïch nhö hình 1. - Cho nguoàn ñieän aùp ngoõ vaøo GENT coù fG laø soùng sin coù fG = 1kHz , Vpp =14V. - Quan saùt daïng soùng vaøo, ra - Veõ treân cuøng ñoà thò caùc daïng soùng ngoõ vaøo vaø ñieän aùp ngoõ ra laàn löôït taïi caùc ñieåm A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3. 1N914 1N914 1N914 OutputA1 OutputA2 -7/7V -7/7V OutputA3 -7/7V 1N914 10k 10k 10k 1.0 kHz 1.0 kHz 1.0 kHz DZ3.6V DZ3.6V DZ3.6V DZ3.6V OutputB1 OutputB2 OutputB3 -7/7V -7/7V -7/7V 10k 10k 10k 1.0 kHz 1.0 kHz 1.0 kHz Hình 1 A1 A2 B1 A3 B3 B2 Trang 15
Taøi lieäu thí nghieäm Xung Phoøng thí nghieäm Xung Soá Caâu hoûi: Töø caùc daïng soùng ngoõ vaøo vaø ngoõ ra quan saùt ñöôïc, haõy veõ quan heä cuûa Vra theo Vvaøo. 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Taøi lieäu thí nghieäm Xung Phoøng thí nghieäm Xung Soá 2. Maïch xeùn song song Maéc maïch nhö hình 2. - Cho nguoàn ñieän aùp ngoõ vaøo GENT coù fG laø soùng sin coù fG = 1kHz , VPP =14V. - Quan saùt daïng soùng vaøo, ra - Veõ treân cuøng ñoà thò caùc daïng soùng ngoõ vaøo vaø ñieän aùp ngoõ ra laàn löôït taïi caùc ñieåm A1, - A2, A3, B1, B2, B3. 10k 10k 10k OutputA1 OutputA2 -7/7V OutputA3 -7/7V -7/7V 1N914 1N914 1N914 1.0 kHz 1.0 kHz 1.0 kHz DZ3.6V 10k 10k 10k OutputB1 OutputB2 OutputB3 -7/7V -7/7V -7/7V 1N914 DZ3.6V DZ3.6V 1.0 kHz 1.0 kHz D Z3.6V 1.0 kHz Hình 2 A1 A2 B1 A3 B3 B2 Trang 17
Taøi lieäu thí nghieäm Xung Phoøng thí nghieäm Xung Soá Caâu hoûi: Töø caùc daïng soùng ngoõ vaøo vaø ngoõ ra quan saùt ñöôïc, haõy veõ quan heä cuûa Vra theo Vvaøo. Nhaän xeùt? ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... 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Taøi lieäu thí nghieäm Xung Phoøng thí nghieäm Xung Soá 3. Maïch xeùn ôû hai möùc ñoäc laäp: - Maéc maïch nhö hình 3. Cho nguoàn ñieän aùp ngoõ vaøo GENT coù fG laø soùng sin coù fG = 1kHz , Vpp = 14V. - Quan saùt daïng soùng vaøo, ra. - Veõ treân cuøng ñoà thò caùc daïng soùng ngoõ vaøo vaø ñieän aùp ngoõ ra laàn löôït taïi caùc ñieåm A1, - B1. 10k 10k OutputB1 OutputA1 -7/7V -7/7V DZ3.6V 1N914 1N914 1.0 kHz 1.0 kHz DZ3.6V Hình 3 B1 A1 Caâu hoûi: Töø caùc daïng soùng ngoõ vaøo vaø ngoõ ra quan saùt ñöôïc, haõy veõ quan heä cuûa Vra theo Vvaøo. Nhaän xeùt? ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... Trang 19
Taøi lieäu thí nghieäm Xung Phoøng thí nghieäm Xung Soá ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... II. MAÏCH XEÙN DUØNG TRANSISTOR - Maéc maïch nhö hình 4. - Cho nguoàn ñieän aùp ngoõ vaøo GENT coù fG laø soùng tam giaùc fG = 1KHz ,VPP = 4V, - Quan saùt daïng soùng vaøo, ra. - Chuù yù nuùt nhaán Chop/ATL ñeå ôû cheá ñoä Chop. - Veõ treân cuøng ñoà thò caùc daïng soùng ngoõ vaøo vaø ñieän aùp ngoõ ra laàn löôït taïi caùc ñieåm ño taïi cöïc neàn B, vaø cöïc phaùt C. 5V +V 1k OutputC -2/2V 10k 2SC828 1.0 kHz Hình 4 Caâu hoûi: 1) Cho bieát cheá ñoä hoaït ñoäng cuûa transistor: ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... Trang 20
Taøi lieäu thí nghieäm Xung Phoøng thí nghieäm Xung Soá 2) Giaûi thích daïng soùng taïi cöïc neàn vaø cöïc thu: ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... III. MAÏCH SO SAÙNH - Maéc maïch nhö hình 5. - Cho nguoàn ñieän aùp ngoõ vaøo GENT coù fG laø soùng tam giaùc fG = 1kHz ,VPP = 4V, - Quan saùt daïng soùng vaøo, ra. - Chuù yù nuùt nhaán Chop/ATL ñeå ôû cheá ñoä Chop (nhaán vaøo). - Veõ treân cuøng ñoà thò caùc daïng soùng ngoõ vaøo vaø ñieän aùp ngoõ ra taïi caùc giaù trò ñieän aùp töø chaân (v+) so vôùi ñaát laàn löôït laø : +0,5V : - 0,5V; + 1V; -1V. (Söû duïng dao ñoäng kyù ño ôû cheá ñoä DC taïi chaân V+, chænh bieán trôû sao cho ñaït ñöôïc giaù trò treân) 5V +V 1k -2/2V 7 + 2 IC741 Output 6 3 VR 4 1.0 kHz +V 10k 5V 100k Hình 5 +V * -5V Trang 21
Taøi lieäu thí nghieäm Xung Phoøng thí nghieäm Xung Soá Caâu hoûi: 1) Töø caùc daïng soùng quan saùt ñöôïc, cho bieát ñoä leäch pha cuûa ñieän aùp vaøo/ra trong caùc tröôøng hôïp treân? ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... 2) Giaûi thích gì veà hieän töôïng leäch pha naøy? IV MAÏCH XEÙN CHÍNH XAÙC DUØNG OP-AMP - Maéc maïch nhö hình 6. - Cho nguoàn ñieän aùp ngoõ vaøo GENT coù fG laø soùng tam giaùc fG = 1kHz ,VPP = 4V, - Quan saùt daïng soùng vaøo, ra - Veõ treân cuøng ñoà thò caùc daïng soùng ngoõ vaøo vaø ñieän aùp ngoõ ra trong caùc maïch 6a, 6b vaø 6c. DZ3.6 1N914 DZ3.6 1N914 100k 100k 12V 12V +V +V -2/2V -2/2V 10k 7 2 10k + 7 2 + 6 6 Output Output 3 1.0 kHz 3 4 1.0 kHz 4 IC741 10k IC741 10k DZ3.6 1N914 Hình 6b Hình 6a +V * +V * DZ3.6 1N914 -12V -12V 100k 12V +V -2/2V 10k + 2 76 Output 3 1.0 kHz 4 10k IC741 Hình 6c +V * -12V Trang 22
Taøi lieäu thí nghieäm Xung Phoøng thí nghieäm Xung Soá Caâu hoûi: 1) Giaûi thích daïng soùng ra: ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... 2) Veõ quan heä giöõa ñieän aùp ngoõ vaøo vaø ñieän aùp ngoõ ra: Trang 23