Thực trạng sở hữu ruộng đất ở Tiền Hải (Thái Bình) cuối thế kỷ XIX, đầu thế kỷ XX

TinlC TRANG s d llCu RUdlVG DXT d TM^ HAI<br /> (TiiAi Bii\ii) cud'i mft' K Y X I X , BAU THC' K Y XX<br /> <br /> NGUYEN THI MY HANH*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ndi rflng edng didn ed chidu hfldng suy<br /> C d thd ndi trong ljch sfl c$n dgi Vidt<br /> Nam, vfi'n dd rudng dfi't c6 sy thay<br /> dfi'i rfi't ldn. Dd lfi thyc trgng cfldp dogt<br /> giSm khfing ed nghia lfi edng didn luc nfiy<br /> chi cdn chidm ty Id nho mfl trfin thyc ti: d<br /> rudng dfi't cua thyc dfln Phflp, sfl hlnh thfinh Thfii Binh, d$e bidt lfi d Tidn Hai, rudng<br /> chd dp sd hflu Idn vd rudng dfi't cua dia chu dfi't cfing cdn tdn tgi vdi sd" Iflyng vfl ty 1§<br /> thye dfin Phflp vfi dia chu ban xfl. RiSng khfi ldn.<br /> huyfin Tien Hai (Thfli Binh) - m^t huydn<br /> Didu nfiy dflOe t h l hidn qua sy ki^n nfim<br /> dfl^e thfinh Iflp vflo niia ddu thd ky XDC<br /> 1894, khi ngfldi Phflp ddn, hp v&n vo cflng<br /> (1828) tfl cdng cupe kh&i hoang eua nhfi<br /> ngge nhidn vl khfle vdi nhidu lfing xa d Bfie<br /> Nguydn li^u tinh hinh ed dien ra nhfl v^y<br /> Bp luc bdy gid thi d Tidn Hai luc nfly rupng<br /> hay khdng? Vfi ne'u c6 thi dien ra d mflc dd<br /> dfi't chil ydu v3n lfi rupng dfl't ciia Iflng xa<br /> nfio?<br /> edng hflu (1). Hay trong cuon "Kinh tindng<br /> 1. Rupng da't cong nghiip Ddng Duang" xufl't ban nfim 1932,<br /> Trong khi nghien cflu tinh hinh sd hflu Yvd Hfingry (Yves Henry) - Tong thanh tra<br /> rudng dfl't d Tidn Hai (Thfli Binh) tfl khi ndng nghidp Ddng Dfldng cho bidt: vflo diiu<br /> thflnh Iflp ddn nfla sau thd ky XIX. eac thd ky XX ad ru^ng cdng d Th&i Binh Ifi<br /> nhfl nghien cflu ddu da di den kS't lu^n khoang 100.000 m&u, trong khi dd di^n tieh<br /> rfing: rudng dfi't cdng nhin chung chiS'm ty eanh tflc khoang 300.000 mSu (2). Tfl d6<br /> 1^ cao bdn ru^ng dfl't tfl (tfl't nhiSn cd ngogi suy ra ty 1§ % edng difi'n lfi: khoang 32%<br /> Ig do hofin canh lich sijl tflng Iflng chi phdi tdng so' didn tich ru^ng lua cua tinh. Ndu di<br /> nhfl trfldng b^p Iflng Thanh Giflm - huydn vfio tflng phu, huydn thl ty Id edng didn cdn<br /> Tidn Hai). D^n cuoi thd ky XIX dfiu thd ky cao hfln. Didn hinh Ifi h u y ^ Tidn Hai, vdo<br /> XX. sfl ehuydn biS'n rudng dfi't efing vfl tfl d ddu thiky XX, ty li edng diin Id 59% (trong<br /> cfle lfing xa Thai Binh ndi chung vfi d Tien khi theo P.Gourou, trong cudn "NgUdi ndng<br /> Hai ndi riSng tidp tyc didn ra rfi't phflc tgp ddn chdu thd Bde K^' thi vdo ndm Minh<br /> vfl da dgng. Song theo cac nhfl nghiSn cflu M^nh thd 13, sd rugng edng d ddy chiim<br /> thi ehidu hfldng ehung lfi edng didn suy 75% tdng di^n tich). Cung theo so li$u thdng<br /> giam, sd hflu tfl didn tfing len vfi chidm ty ke dfiu thd ky XX, trong 51 hflong flde cua<br /> 1$ ldn. c&c lfing d Tidn Hai dflyc cfle nhfi nghiSn cflu<br /> <br /> <br /> * ThS. Khoa Ijch sfl - Trfldng Dgi hoc Sfl phgm Hfi Ndi<br /> Thye h-^g sd hOii rupng ait...<br /> <br /> tim hieu thi so lfing xa ed rupng d&t edng nfim d midn ven bidn, Ifl mpt vflng dfi't tre,<br /> qufln efi'p lfi (M)CQC) 51 (3) (Xem bang 1, mdi dxiifc khai khiln chfla Iflu. Ban dfiu sau<br /> Z). Nhfl vfly Ifl nhin chung hfiu nhfl lfing nfio khi dfl^ khai kh&i, ban thfin huy^n Tidn<br /> cung ton tgi cdng didn, Trong cdng didn thd Hai dfl dflpe mdnh danh Ifl "Tidn Hai tofln<br /> fiiy, tuy^t dgi bd ph§n Ifl didn, thd' khdng ed thi qufin cfi'p". Hdn thd, thdi gian tfl dd ddn<br /> bao nhieu - chi chiS'm ed khoang 8% (4). thdi didm nfiy cung ehfla du dfii dl tfl didn<br /> Cdng chflu thd hfiu nhfl khdng dfing kd. du sfle l&'n fit hofln tofin edng didn. Song<br /> V&y lfi, 80 vdi mia dfiu thd ky XIX thi sd mpt nguySn nhfin chii ydu phai kl ddn Ifl<br /> Iflqing rupng dfi't cdng cd giam sflt theo do ehfnh sflch rupng dfi't eua thye dfin<br /> khuynh hfldng chung cua efie tinh Bfie K^. Phfip. Kd tfl dfiu thd ky XX, trong Nghi<br /> Song ndu so vdi cfic tinh khfic, d$c bi^t Ifl dinh ngfiy 8-3-1906 dd cflp ddn vi§c quan Iy<br /> xfit trong tfldng quan vdi cfic huydn khfle tfli san cua efie Ifing xa Bfle K^, chi'nh<br /> trong tinh Thfli Binh thi ty Id cfing didn vfl quydn LiSn bang Ddng Dfldng da ra I$nh<br /> so* Iflyng Iflng cd rudng dfl't cdng qufin cfi'p cfl'm k^ mye cfle Iflng xa khdng dflpc baji<br /> eua huydn Tidn Hai Ifl ldn hdn (Xem bang edng didn cong tho (nhfl lufit Ip Gia Long da<br /> 3). Hi^n tflpng nfiy cd thd I^ giai b^ng quy dinh tfl nfim 1803), Vd sau, trong eac<br /> nhidu nguySn nhfln khfic nhau. Trfldc hdt, vfln ban "Cai Ifldng hfldng ehinh", thfle dfin<br /> didu dl nh^n th&'y Ifi: d&y Ifi mpt huydn Phfip ed eho phfip thue, linh canh, thflm chi<br /> <br /> Bang 1: Bing tinh hlnh mfing cfing quin dp ocic ling xfl Thil Binh diu thlSky XX<br /> Ten phu huyfn Sd hirong irdc SI ling xa kh6ng SI ling xfl kh&ng c6 SI ling xfl c6<br /> diroc nghifn clhi ghi RDCQC RDCQC RDCQC<br /> Ti«nH^ 51 0 0 51<br /> Thuy Anh 32 4 0 28<br /> Duy&iHi 70 6 3 61<br /> K i ^ Xoang, 58 9 0 49<br /> Tliii Nmh 73 12 3 58<br /> Tiftn Hung 60 3 10 47<br /> DfinRQuan 53 10 3 40<br /> Phv Due 42 6 18 18<br /> HrniRNhan 3 0 I 2<br /> Thi Tri 1 0 0 1<br /> Cing 443 SO 38 3SS<br /> <br /> (Ngudn; S6 lifu lil cuAi "Kinh li" ndng nghidp Hdng Ouang" (Sconomie AgncoU de Ilndochme). l u i l ban 1932 ci<br /> Hangny v i i6 lieu cua SA Dia chfnh. bdo cio ciia COng (H d c U'nh Btc K^ (luu gift lu Tning Um l>ni UO Qa6c gia Hi NOi)<br /> <br /> B a n g 2 : B a n g t j 1( c 6 n | d\in m ^ s6 l i n g t h u p c h u y ^ Ti^n H a l ( T h i l B i n h ) d i u t h £ ky XX<br /> <br /> U n g thu6c h u y ^ T l ^ Hal Tdnf* s£ ni^ng (miu) C6ngdi6n(mAu) Ty l« % c«ng d i ^<br /> NhoLflm 350 90 25,7<br /> Thanh Giim 510 200 39,2<br /> Done Cao 798 125 15,7<br /> <br /> (NguAn: Ding Lao DOng V i « Nam, Ban chip hinh linh TWi Eftnh. H6 wt'Tulifa Itch sU phong trdo cdch mang huyfn Titn Hdi<br /> 1925.194S". Hd so sd 21/SD - F6. quydn t6 30-01 Tii lieu lini frit lai phdng tuu dit Unh uy Thii Blub).<br />  Rghian cflu Ljch aii-. aH 4.2011<br /> <br /> Bing 3: Bing phin btf ru^ng ctfng d cic phii, huyfn d Thif Binh<br /> <br /> Ttn phiJ, huy^n l)l(n Ifch canh lie (miu) Dlfn Ifch c6ng dl^n (miu) T^ If % cOng d l ^<br /> Tl^n Hii 31.166 19.841 63,6<br /> Thvy Anh 22.761 12.710 53,8<br /> Kiffn Xifong 30.833 16.967 35,0<br /> Thir Trt 25.833 11.766 43.3<br /> Tliii Ninh 30.555 13,616 44,5<br /> Duyen Hi 25,833 8.814 34.1<br /> Vil Tien 16.944 7.185 26,6<br /> Htfng Nhan 20.000 4,135 20.6<br /> QuJnhCdi 22.761 4.212 18.5<br /> Tien Hung 25.000 3 589 14.3<br /> PhyDi^c 19.444 2.090 10,7<br /> Ddng Quan 25,276 1.956 7.7<br /> <br /> (Ngufln Sdli^u lilcufin Kink ifnOng nghifp 06ng Duong(^conomie Agricolede I'Indochine), l u l i bin 1932dia YvoHingny<br /> vi td lieu cit Sd Dia chfnh, bio cio ciia COng lit cic llnh Bic K^ (luu gift lai Trung Um Jim UQ Qufic gia HI NOI))<br /> <br /> cho ban rupng cong eua Iflng xa d^ chi dflng 2. Ru^ng dlTt tvi<br /> vfio efing vi§c cila Ifing, nhflng chi dfl^ thi^e<br /> M$c dfl thi^c dan Phap vfi tri^u dinh<br /> hi^n trong nhfliig trflcing hifp dfie bi^t vfi<br /> nhfi NguySn ra sflc duy trt ch^ dp cdng di&<br /> phai dfldc afl dong f cua cua chinh quy^n<br /> d dfiy vfi trfin tht^c ti da thu dfl^c mpt sfi*<br /> cfi'p tinh hofic cfi'p xfl (5). Hay trong th6ng<br /> k^t qua nhfit dinh. Song chiing cung khdng<br /> tfl ngfiy 25-3-1915, Thong afl Bfle K^ c6n ra<br /> th^ nflo phu n h ^ dflpc B^f tdn t^i ciia eh^<br /> I?nh cho eae quan chu tinh bfit bu$c cfle<br /> dd tfl diln th^ nghidp d t^t ca cac lfing xfi<br /> Iflng xa thfle hi$n vi$c chia di^n cfing th^<br /> ndi nfiy.<br /> theo dinh k^ 3 nfim m^t lAn (6). Chflng ta<br /> deu bi^t ring: cdng di^n Ifi eh hflu chung TrSn thxfc ti nhfin dan cfie Ifing xa ven<br /> cua lfing xa, Ifi cd sd kinh ti cua tS chflc biln Tiln Hai vfl ndng dfin nghfio Iflu vong<br /> lfing xa vfi moi Iflng xa Ifi m^t ddn vi hflnh tfl khfip efic ndi khfle da quy t\i v l dfiy, hp<br /> chfnh rieng bi^t do bpn efldng hflo dflng hi^p tfic trong lao d$ng t$p thl, quai de I&<br /> diu. 6 dfiy, d^ qu6c Phfip khfing x6a bo biln, dxfng Ifing I$p ^p, biln vflng dfi^t<br /> cong diin mfl l^i duy tri ch^f d$ cdng di^n hoang vu chua m$n thfinh di^n tfch canh<br /> tfle Ifl duy trt hinh thfle tS chflc thon xfi, Ipi tfie phi nhidu. Do v$.y. sau khai hoang moi<br /> di^ng chfnh ngay to chflc thon xfl dfl c6 sSn sufi't dinh diu dflpc chia tU diin thi nghiip<br /> fi'y, thong qua bpn cflcfng hfio ly djeh di bdc ngang nhau. Si^ phfin p h ^ ru^ng d&t dd<br /> Ipt ndng dfin. Sflu, thu^, phu dfli t^p dich, phai chfing phan anh si^ ddng gdp edng sfle<br /> chflng chi vi^c phfln phoi theo ddn vj Ifing lao ddng ngang nhau trong qufi trinh khai<br /> xa vfl bpn efldng hfio I^ djch, I ^ c6 nhi§m khin diy gian k h i cua hp. Hdn thl, trong<br /> vv b^ vfio ddu ndng dan trong Ifing xfi. tinh hinh xfi h^i b nuta d i u t h l ky XIX nfiy,<br /> Chfnh sfieh nfly da dflpc th\fc dfin Phflp fip d l giai quylt yfiu ciu ru$ng dfl't gay gflt,<br /> dung 5 cfle tinh, huy^n Bfie K^, trong d6 bfle thilt ctta ddng dao ndng phieu tfin<br /> Ti^n Hai (Thfli Binh) lfi m$t di^n hinh. bfing phfldng thfle khfin hoang, thi c h i d$<br /> Thye fryig sd hflru niQng diit...<br /> <br /> dd vi^c khai khdn thi khdng dUdc tranh<br /> tfl diln t h l ngiii^p chi efi the xufi't hi$n dfldi<br /> hinh thfle tu hihi nho, theo nguyen tfic binh chdp. Ngudi ndo nhdn mdy sdo, ti^i xd dong<br /> ndo, diu ghi rd ddng tdy td ehl vd ki nh^n d<br /> qufin. Vfi tfi't nhien cflng vdi dd Ifl B\f xufl't<br /> hi$n mpt t i n g Idp ndng dfin mang tfnh chfi't dudi. Kinh xin quan Tri huy^n kiim chdc<br /> nfing dan tilu tfl hflu. Vdi nhflng ngflcti Doanh diin sd bdn huy^n tra xet, phi<br /> ndng dan nfly, tuy rudng dfl't edn dflpe phfin chudn eho ldm bdng chdng di ddn mon<br /> chia h^n ehl, song nd da t^o ra dpng Ii^e ldn chdng tdi dupe nhdn khu ddt hoang dd ldm<br /> khuyin khieh ndng dfin tilp ti^e edng euOc tu diin thi nghi4p. Mudn ngdn hy vpng,<br /> khin hoang dang con nhilu triln vpng cl Nay kinh trinh". Cung trong cuon "Diln so<br /> phfa trfldc. b?" d6 cdn ghi ti mi ring: tofln bd s l rudng<br /> khai khin dflpc Ifl 96 mSu chia thflnh 153<br /> Din cull t h l ky XIX, d$c bi§t vflo diu<br /> phin cho 122 sufi't dinh. Moi phin dfli?c 6<br /> t h l ky XX, c h i dp tfl diln t h l nghidp v5n<br /> Bfio 2 khfi'u (mfii khfi'u lfi 36m''); trong a l 95<br /> tilp tue dUffc m5 rdng do kit qua ciia vide<br /> ngfldi (tfle 77% so dinh trong Iflng) dflpe<br /> khai hoang khdng ngifiig diln ra. Song dilu<br /> nh§n 1 phin, 23 ngfldi dflpe nhfln 2 phin, 4<br /> dfing chd ^ lfi phfldng thfle phfin phdi rudng<br /> ngflcti dflpe nh^n 3 phin. Nhfl v^y, ehi mpt<br /> khai hoang gid dfiy khdng cdn Ifl efich chia<br /> a l ft ngfldi thi dflpe flu dai n h ^ 2 hay 3<br /> diu nhfl hdi t h l ky XDC mfi mang tfnh ehfi't<br /> phin, trong khi tuy§t d^i da so (77%) chi<br /> bfi't binh d ^ g r5 r§t. Cudn "Diln hp b?"<br /> dflpc nhfln 1 phin (7).<br /> hi^n Iflu trfl t^i phdng truyen thing xa<br /> Ddng Lfim dfiy 21 trang, cudi sfi' c6 chfl 1^ Hdn thl, eudl t h l ky XIX, trong mdt vfii<br /> ciia sfic mue, d i u tripn cua Ly trflflng, diu tong cl Tien Hai da cd bi^n tfldng ehuyin<br /> tri$n chflng thfle eua quan huy^n vfi d p mpt phin cdng diln thflnh tfl diln dl Iflm<br /> tren cd chip l^i nhfl sau: rupng ghi nhd cdng lao I^p ly,fi'p,trai, giflp.<br /> "Tinh Thdi Binh. phii Kiin XUdng, Trong dd phai ke din trfldng hpp tfl diln<br /> huyin Tien Hdi. tdng Tdn Phong, ldng cua trai Nhufln 6e (tong Tfln Dinh) ed 305<br /> Thanh Gidm. Nhdng diin hd chung tdi mSu rupng dit, tong s l dfln dinh aau khi<br /> kinh trinh vi^e sda ddi addiin bg. Ddn ldng l^p trpi lfi 15 ngfldi. Trfl tho cfl dflpe phfin<br /> chdng tdi nguySn ed mdt khu ddt hoang 96 theo dung quy dinh cua nhfi nfldc (moi aufi't<br /> mdu, phia Ddng gidp vdi de Bgch Long, dinh 1 mSu), phin tfl diln dfldc chia cho 7<br /> phia Tdy gidp vdi sdng NgU Dung, phia hp den khai phfl, I^p trgi diu tien, tfnh<br /> Nam gidp gidi ldng Nho Ldm, phia Bdc theo dinh, m6i suit 5 sfio. Cfle hp: Do, Tfi,<br /> gidp gidi ldng Ddc Ca, thUdng bi nUdc mdn Bfli, Vu, Dfldng, Ngd, Nguyen da nh^n<br /> ehdy qua nin chiia thi khai khdn. Thdng dfl^c phin dfl't nfly. Trong so 7 hp neu tren,<br /> trUdc tidn chung tdi dd ldm dan xin trUng, hp Ngd xuong aau (3 sufl't dinh) dflpe ehia<br /> chd khi thdnh thtie diin se nhdn ldm tU 1,5 m§u, nhflng phai ra d phia ngofii Iflng.<br /> diin tfli nghidp hang rudng loai ba. Mdi Cdn 8 hp din sau khfing dflpc nh|in phin tfl<br /> nay may dUpc y cho ldi xin. Nay vdng linh diln nfly (8).<br /> sUta ddi sd ba, ddn chung tdi xin nhdn khu Sl? phat triln cua tfl diln t h l nghipp<br /> ddt hoang dd, ph&n chia rd rdng, moi phdn dflpc t h l hi§n ro n i t d nhilu ly, Ip, trai,<br /> Id bao nhiiu sdo thUde, mdi mdi nhdn ldm gifip khfle trong huy^n Tiln Hai vflo cudi<br /> tam dang tU diin thi nghiip de truyin cho t h l ky XIX, d i u the ky XX. Vf nhfl: d Ip<br /> con chdu. Td nay vi sau, ngUdi ndo khdng Tfin Xuan, tfi'ng Tfin Boi Iflfi'pmdi Iflp, dflpc<br />  Rghlto ciJru Ljch siir. stf 4.8011<br /> <br /> dflng rifing thfinh ddn vi hfinh ehfnh cfl'p ed l^i t^o ra dilu ki$n cho si? phflt triln<br /> sd chfnh thfle vfio nflm 1901. Cuin dia b? nhanh chdng ciia hinh thfle tfl hflu ldn hdn<br /> euafi'pTfin Xufin dflpe I|p nflm Thfinh Thfii eua dia chu ndi dfiy vflo culi t h l ky XDC,<br /> thfl 18 (1906) cho bilt: luc nfly ting s i d i l n , dfiu t h l ky XX. Difiu nfiy b i t nguin tfl<br /> t h l ndi dfiy Ifi 45 mlu vfl dflpc phfln ehia nhilu nguyin nhfin khfie nhau:<br /> nhfl sau: Tfl diln: 21 mlu (ehilm 46,6%<br /> Chflng ta bilt, trong qufi trinh khai<br /> tfi'ng di§n tfeh rudng dfl't); Cdng diln: 20<br /> hoang, ban t h i n nhflng dia chu phfl hfio cd<br /> mlu (ehilm 44,5% td'ng di$n tfch rudng<br /> t h l lflc dli dfio cung dflng ra ehifiu m |<br /> dfi't); Tfl thl: 4 mfiu (ehilm 8,9% td'ng di|n<br /> nhfin cdng, tiln hflnh khai hoang dfldi hlnh<br /> tieh ru0ng dfi't) (9). Rd rfing, d Tfln Xufln thl<br /> thfle "tl? khin" vfi t^o ra hinh thfle tfl hflu<br /> ty Id tu diln trdi hdn so vdi cdng diln.<br /> Idn eua nhflng diln chu, cd quy m l phi<br /> Cfich fi'p Tfln Xufin khdng xa Ifi tr^i biln khoang chflng vfii chi?c mfiu cd khi din<br /> Thifin Kilu, dflpe thfinh I$p nflm 1828. Dia vfli trfim mfiu m$t nghidp ehu. Qfla trtnh<br /> b^ Thien kilu nidn d^i Thfinh Thfli thfl 12 khai hoang gin mdt t h l ky da t^o ra khdng<br /> (1900) cho bilt s l Iflpng tfl diln nhilu gfi'p ft nhflng diln chii nhfl vfiy.<br /> ddi so vdi Iflpng edng diln. Trong td'ng s l<br /> 299 mlu diln, tho thi cdng diln Ifl 74 mfiu Them vfio dd, nan kiem tinh rupng dit<br /> 7 sfio (chiim 25 % tong di^n tfeh); tfl diln l^i ed dilu ki^n phflt triln 6 ndi nfiy.<br /> 168 mlu 3 sfio (ehiem 53 % tong S); tho 66 Nhflng thflnh qua khin hoang ciia nhan<br /> mlu (ehilm 22%) (10). dfin ludn dflng trflde nguy cd bi chiim do^t<br /> nghiem trpng. Lfi mpt miln ven bien hoang<br /> Tinh hinh cung diln ra tfldng ti;t d thdn vu, t r | t tl? xa hpi d Tiln Hai thfit sfl khdng<br /> Dai Phong, xa Nghia Phong (td'ng Tfln Boi) on djnh. Nhflng "I cfldp", "gi$c co thfldng<br /> theo dia ba thdn D ^ Phong nidn d ^ Thflnh hay ty t | p d dfiy". D6 Ifi ndi t h ^ cflch ndi<br /> Thai thfl 12 (1900) thl td'ng a l d i l n tho Ifl: ciia cfle nhfl chdp B\t phong kiln vdi hfim ^<br /> 140 mfiu, trong dd edng dien 60 mSu (ehilm fim ehi nhflng ngfldi ndng dfln nghfio ddi<br /> ty 1$ 42,9% td'ng so diln t h l ) ; tfl diln; 30 thfldng tu t^p bgio dpng d dfiy. Khdng<br /> mfiu (chiim 21,4% td'ng s i d i l n thl); thd': 50 nhflng thl, bpn gi$c biln mfl nhfin dfin<br /> mfiu (ehilm 35,7% ting so diln thd')... quen gpi Ifi gi^c Tfiu 6 tfl ven biln Trung<br /> Qua dfiy cho ta thfl'y: e h l dp tfl hflu, d$c Qudc I^i thfldng trfin vfio cfldp phfi nhfin<br /> bi^t lfi tfl diln t h l nghidp tilp tyc dflpc xfie dfln. Tinh hlnh xfl h | i thilu In djnh nhfl<br /> Iflp, phat triln vfl cd ndi edn fip dao ca cdng v$y khiln cho nhfl nfldc phong kiln<br /> diln. Cd nhilu hinh thfle phfit triln tfl diln NguySn, vtfn da thilu nilm tin ndi dfin<br /> t h l nghidp, tuy nhidn hinh thfle khin chflng Bfle Kf, 1^ ddng dd t^n kinh thfinh<br /> hoang v&n lfi m | t trong nhflng hinh thfle H u l xa xdi, cflng khd b l kilm aofit khong<br /> quan trpng. Vfl hdn t h l ai? phfln phli ru^ng c h i tinh hlnh. M | t khi nhfi nfldc trung<br /> dfi't aau khin hoang ro rfing dfi cd svt fldng efing budng Idng bao nhieu thi cfing<br /> ehuyin bien hofln tofln khfic so vdi trfldc tpo ra dilu ki$n thu^n Ipi cho t h l Iflc cfldi^<br /> day. Tinh chfi't binh ding trong phfin phoi hfio phong kiln dja phfldng liing d o ^ vfi<br /> ru|ng dfi't sau k h i n hoang gid dfly da hi kilm tinh r u | n g d i t biy nhieu. Thfle dfin<br /> nhfldng cho eho tfnh bfl't binh dflng. Phfip mfi tn?c tilp Ifl bpn quan cai tr) d d p<br /> tinh thl tham nhung sflu mpt, dung dfldng<br /> Song ililu dflng ndi Ifi chfnh si? ra ddi vfl tilp tay cho bpn dia ehii efldng hflo d cfic<br /> phfit triln ciia c h i dp tfl hflu nhd ndi trfin<br /> Thyc h-gng adr hthi niQng a£t...<br /> <br /> Ifing xa ndi dfiy. Qua trinh tflp trung rupng thfle tfl diln nfly trflde phfip lufit nhfi nfldc<br /> dfi't theo d6 dflpc diy m^nh. Ifl khdng hpp phfip, nhflng do dflpc quan d<br /> La mpt mien chfiu tho ven biln, Tiln buy^n, tinh bao che dung tung nen dja chu<br /> Hai khdng nhflng dflpc thidn nhidn flu dai vfin cd quyln ehilm hflu vfl ehi phdi nd nhfl<br /> nhflng tflng phim qu^ gifl nhfl nhflng vflng tfl diln cua minh v^y. Vf du: dia chu<br /> dfl't dai mfiu md, nhflng Iflng xfi trfl m^t... Nguyin Tri Phu, Nguyin Tri Ban d lfing<br /> mfl thien nhien cdn dem din eho Tiln Hai D ^ Hflu (ting Tfln Dinh) vflo nhflng nfim<br /> nhflng tai hpa khiing khilp nhfl: bfio biSn, diu t h l ky XX, nhd mua bfin rudng dfi't<br /> thiiy trilu rli vd dd lu lyt... cfldp di ciia hp gian l§n mfi ed trong tay hflng ngfln mfiu<br /> nhijng lfing fl'p, nhflng con dd, nhflng cfinh rudng d huy$n Tiln Hai, Kiln Xfldng, Vu<br /> ddng mfi nhfin dfin d l bilt bao cdng aflc gay Tien. Hay trfldng hpp nhfl d xfi Tilu Hofing<br /> di?ng nen. Thien tai dfl ddi vfi khfie nghiet ed dja chu nfim trong tay mfiy trfim mfiu tfl<br /> bao nhieu thi nan b i n cflng phfl san, nan diln gian. Vfi mpt khi hidn tflpng tfl diln<br /> ddi kim Iflu vong cfing p h i biln biy nhieu. gian eflng nhilu thl bi^n tflpng mua bfln<br /> Vfi dfiy mdt Iln nfla I ^ t^o cd hpi cho giai rupng dfi't efing p h i biln. Vf nhfl: d 1^ Ddng<br /> d p dia chu phong kid'n kiem tinh rupng Cao (tong Tfln An) eo 4 dia ehii ngo^i lai Ifl<br /> dfi't, gdp phin phat triln hdn nfla chd' dp sd Hfl Huyin, Hfin Ban, Hfin Quynh d Kiln<br /> hflu rupng dfl't Idn eiia dia ehu. Xfldng vfi Hofing Vfin L^ d Thi xa dfl mua<br /> tdi 245 mfiu "tfl dien gian" nen khiln moi<br /> Ro rfing vflo euli t h l ky XDC, dfiu t h l ky aufi't dinh d Dong Cao ehi edn 2 sfio 6 thfldc<br /> XX, d Tiln Hai, che dp tfl hflu rudng dfi't rupng cdng mfi thdi (12). 'Rnh hinh tren<br /> dang dien ra sfl phan hda ngfiy eflng sfiu cung dien ra tfldng tfl d nhilu dia phfldng<br /> sfic. Dflc bi^t, trong khoang thdi gian nfiy, khae trong huypn Tiln Hai Ifle bfi'y gid.<br /> yeu to tu ban chu nghia ngfiy cfijig tham Dilu nfiy giflp ta Iy giai tai sao cupe dtfu<br /> nhfip aflu vflo ndng thdn khiln eho afl phan tranh ehong "tfl dien gian" lai trd thfinh<br /> hda dd dien ra ngfiy cfing gfit. Si? thflm mpt npi dung quan trpng trong phong trfio<br /> nhfip ciia ylu to tfl ban chu nghia dd dflpc ndng dfin d Tiln Hai diu t h i k y XX.<br /> bilu hipn ro ndt d th