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Vocabulary: - agricultural (adj) : field, farmer, tilling
công nghi pệ
- manufactured (n) : machine age, robot…
th ng m i ạ ươ
- commerce (n) : to reciprocate, wholesale trade
duy trì
-maintain (v) : to keep in good repair, to protect
- essential (adj) : important, necessary
ch ủ y uế
th c hi n ệ
ự - undertake (v) : to work, to mimic
hàng hóa
- commodities (n) : object for exchange
ỏ
s hài lòng, th a mãn ự - satisfaction (adj) to feel please.
Most people work to earn a living, and produce goods and services. Goods are either agricultural (like maize and milk) or manufactured (like cars and paper). Services are such things as education, medicine and commerce. Some people provide goods, some provide services. Other people provide both goods and services. For example, in the same garage a man may buy a car or some service which helps him to maintain his car.
The work people do is called economic activity. All economic activities together make up the economic system of a town, a city, a country or the world. Such an economic system is the sum-total of what people do and what they want. The work people undertake either provides what they need or provides the money with which they can buy essential commodities. Of course, most people hope to earn enough money to buy commodities and services which are non-essential but which provide some particular personal satisfaction, like toys for children, visits to the cinema and books.
I. ORAL QUESTIONS: a)Why do most people work ? Most people work to earn a living. b) What do they produce ? They produce goods and services.
c) What do education, medicine and commerce
provide ? They provide services.
d) What two different things can a man buy in a
garage ?
In a garage two different things can a man buy a car or some service which helps him to maintain his car.
e) What is an economic system the sum- total of ?
Economic system the sum-total of what people do and what they want.
f) What two things can work provide for the worker ? Work can provide for the worker what they need or provide the money.
g) What can people buy with money ? With money people can buy commodities and services which are non-essential, provide some particular personal satisfaction, like toys for children, visits to the cinema and books.
II. COMPREHENSION: State whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F), and if they are false, state why.
T F
a) _____ Most people produce goods and services. b) _____ Services are either agricultural or manufactured. c) _____ Schools and hopitals provide education and T medicine. d) _____ Cars and paper are agricultural goods. F e) _____ Paper is a non – agricultural commodity. T f) _____ An economic system is the work which F people do.
T F
T
F
g) _____ A city has its own economic system. h) _____ Economic activity is the sum - total of what people do and want. i) _____ The work people undertake provides them with money, or with what they need. j) _____ Most people do not want to buy non- essential commodities and services.
III. VOCABULARY:
In each of these sentences a word is missing. Fill in the blank with a word from the text.
services
board
Traffic lights
find
1) Transport system like railways, buses and planes provide the public with important _________. 2) They told him to look at the _________ and then do the exercises. 3) There are usually a lot of _____________at any railway station or airport that handles a lot of traffic. 4) He decided to _______the work in order to make some money.
convenient
enough
big
5) It was ____________for him to go to the city as soon as possible. 6) They had _________ money to buy most of the things they needed. 7) It was a ______ matter and he did not wish to tell anyone else about it
IV. WORD STUDY:
In these sentences, certain nouns are underlined. Change them into adjectives which can be used in the blanks.
Ex. - education => education + al => educational
- commerce => commerce +al => commercial
national
personal
a) These goods belong to the nation. They are therefore _________. b) Minerals are a part of nature. They are therefore _________. natural c) Schools provide education. They are therefore centres of ____________activity. educational d) Shops are places of commerce. They are therefore centres of ___________ activity. commercial e) He does not want everyone else to do this work. He wants to do the work in person. It is his _________ concern.
V. GRAMMAR
The simple sentence.
- A simple sentence is an independent statement and contains a single idea.
e.g. - Travel Services is a small company.
- The company has an office in London. - A team of five executives at Evans
corporation are planning advertising project.
- The order of the words in a simple sentence is very important. Look these two simple sentences. They both contain the same words they do not mean the same things.
- Finbank lent Jim the money. - Jim lent Finbank the money
3
4
2
6
5
How?
Where?
When?
Action
wants
Who? Which? What? Jim Watson Jim
doesn’t have
Who? Which? What? a new motorbike enough money the money
He
can borrow
from his bank
A simple sentence can have six parts, although this is not always so. Study the order of the words in the columns bellow : 1
Tomorrow he is going to the bank. He can buy the motorbike on credit. He must pay a deposit of $150.
VI. EXERCISE.
You will use the six columns again for this exercise. In each sentence, the words are not in the right order. Arrange them correctly according to the six columns and rewrite the sentence in the provided space.
1.good/ the/ are/ terms/ very ________________________________________ The teams are very good. 2. loan/ choosing/ bank/ Jim / the/ is ________________________________________ Jim is choosing the bank to loan. 3. over/ Jim/ a period/ pay/ years/ five/ of/ to/ has ________________________________________ Jim has to pay in a period of over five years. 4. year/ of/ number/ Japan/ every/ tourists/ foreign/
to/ increases/ the
_________________________________________ The number of foreign tourists to Japan increases _______ every year. 5. at/ many/ on/ they/ working/ projects/ are/
moment/ the
________________________________________ They are working on many projects at the moment.
6. packages/ takes/ the/ messenger/ the ________________________________________ The messenger takes the packages. 7. next/ going/ Alison/ is/ for/ year/ apply/ to/ course/ the/ business _________________________________________ Alison is going to apply for the business course __________ next year. 8. you/ a/ rise/ Mr Blake/ approved/ pay/ for/ yesterday/ meeting/ the/ at _________________________________________ Mr Blake approved you pay for a rise at the ______________ meeting yesterday. 9. we/ in/ finance/ decided/ hotel/ the/ to/ new/ Cairo ________________________________________ We decided to finance the new hotel in Cairo.
10. percent/ trade/ study/ of/ 25/ students/ the/ international ___________________________________________ 25 percent of student study the international trade. 11. coffee/ country/ basic/ and/ commodities/ our/ like/ export/ rice. ___________________________________________ Our country export basic commodities like rice ___________ and coffee. 12. lot/ country/ the/ a/ of/ tourist/ money/ from/ trade/ earns. ___________________________________________ A lot of country earns money from the tourist trade. 13. Japan’s/ with/ increased/ past/ Europe/ has/ trade/ greatly/ years/ in/ the/ twenty. ___________________________________________ Japan’s trade has increased greatly with in twenty _______________________ years past the Europe.
14. has/ to/ income/ he/ tax/ pay/ the/ to/ government.
__________________________________________ He has to pay income tax to the government. 15. will/ the/ until/ goods/ deliver/ they/ next/ not/ Monday They won’t deliver goods until the next Monday. __________________________________________ 16. year/ factory/ produced/ a/ shoes/ that/ quantity/ of/ last/ large Last year, factory produced a large quantity of __________________________________________ shoes. ______ 17. increased/ first/ production/ by/ half/ in/ industrial/ the/ 7%/ year __________________________________________ Industrial production increased 7% in the first half _____ year.
18. company/ is/ Middle East/ our/ its/ expanding/ business/ in/ the _________________________________________ Our company is expanding its business in the __________ Niddle East. 19. import/ didn’t/ any/ goods/ last/from/ they/ Egypt/ year _________________________________________ They didn’t import any goods from Egypt last year. 20. be/ television/ very/ can/ watching/ educational _________________________________________ Watching television can be very educational.
