Tiếng Nhật cơ bản cho người bắt đầu_02

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Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Examples: Waatamanu-san wa Daarasu -umare desu ka. (Mr. Waterman,is your home in Dallas?) Iie, Rondon desu. (No, it is in London.) Listen to the sentences in Grammar notes. (.wav file) A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. 1. ( (that) ) kata wa ( (who) ) desu ka. 2. ( (this) ) kata no namae wa ( (what) ) desu ka. 3. Suzuki-san wa ( (where) ) umare desu ka. 4. America no ( (where) ) desu ka. B. Answer the question based on the dialogue. 1. Mearii-san wa Amerika-jin desu ka. 2. Mearii-san wa doko-umare dusu ka. 3. Suzuki-san wa kyoto umare desu ka. Click here to check the answers!! Ja p a n e se L an g u a g e L e sso n s LESSON 4 - Discussing the Weather This lesson will teach you how to greet and to carry out a conversation in Japanese. In this dialog, Yota Suzuki and Jason Miller meet for the first time at Jason's house in Tokyo. Yota: Miraa-san, Shibaraku desu ne. Mr. Miller, it's been a long time. Jason: Aa, Suzuki-san, kon'nichiwa. Oh, Mr. Suzuki, hello. Yota: Ogenki desu ka. Are you in good spirits? (are you healthy?) 11
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Jason: Hai, genki desu. Yes, I am. Yota: Saikin isogashii desu ka. Have you been busy lately? Jason: Ee, chotto isogashii desu. Yes, I am a little busy. Yota: Kyoo wa ii tenki desu ne. It's nice weather today, isn't it. Jason: Hai, demo chotto atsui desu ne. Yes, but it is a little hot. Yota: Soo desu ne. Ima Amerika mo atsui desu ka. So it is. Is it also hot in the United States now? Jason: Hai, atsui deshoo. Yes. It is probably hot. Yota: Amerika no fuyu wa samui desu ka. Is it cold in the winter in the United States? Jason: Ee. Watashi wa Shiatoru-umare desu ga, totemo samui desu yo. Yes. My home is in Seattle, it is very cold. Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) shibaraku it's been a long time ne (particle used when expecting agreement) Aa Oh! O-genki feeling in good spirits (formal) genki feeling in good spirits (informal) saikin recently 12
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc isogashii busy chotto a little kyoo today tenki weather ii good demo but atsui hot Soo desu ne so it is; yes (an expression of agreement) ima now deshoo (form of desu) it is probably fuyu winter samui cold ee yes (more information than hai) totemo very yo (particle used for emphasis) Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) 1. Miraa-san, shibaraku desu ne. The sentence means "Mr. Miller, it's been a long time". Shibaraku is used when two people who know each other meet after not seeing each other for a significant amount of time. Ne is added to the end of the sentence when expecting agreement. Examples: Moriyama-san, shibaraku desu ne. (Mr. Moriyama, it's been a long time.) Sumisu-san, shibaraku desu ne. (Mr. Smith, it's been a long time.) 2. Ee, chotto isogashii desu. / Ee, totemo isogashii desu. The first sentence means "Yes, I am a little busy." The second sentence means "Yes, I am very busy." Chotto is a descriptive that means "a little". It can be added to any adjective to de-emphasize an expression. Totemo is the opposite; it means "very". It can be added to any adjective to emphasize an expression . Totemo is used to really emphasize an expression. Examples: Ee, chotto samui des. (Yes, it is a little cold.) Ee, totemo samui desu. (Yes, it is very cold.) Here you learn a new sentence pattern: Noun wa Adjective desu. It is almost the same as noun wa noun desu in the present tense. Examples: Kyoo wa samui desu. 13
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc (Today, it is cold.) Anata wa isogashii desu ka. (Are you busy?) 3. Kyoo wa ii tenki desu ne. The sentence above means "The weather is pleasant today." Kyoo wa is the topic and is used to emphasize that the following sentence refers to this day. Ii tenki is a frequently used expression in conversation. Usually, comments about the weather immediately follow a greeting. Examples: Kyoo wa totemo atsui desu. (It is very hot today.) Kyoo wa chotto atsui desu. (It is a little hot today.) 4. Soo desu ne. This expression means "So it is", "Yes, it is", or simply "yes". It is used frequently in conversation to agree. Soo desu ka is a variation meaning "Oh, really?" and is used when the speaker is hearing new information. Examples: Tanaka-san wa Kyooto- umare desu ne. (Mr. Tanaka is from Kyoto, isn't he?) Soo desu ne. (Yes, he is. [He refers back to the previous statement.]) 5. Ima, America mo atsui desu ka. This sentence means "Is it also hot in the United States now?" Ima means "now" and is used often to emphasize an occurrence that is happening at this point in time. Examples: Ima, Waataman-san wa daigaku-sei desu. (Mr. Waterman is a college student now.) Ima, Doitsu mo samui desu ka. (Is it also cold in Germany now?) 6. Hai, atsui deshoo. This sentence means "Yes, it is probably hot". Deshoo is a variation of desu and means "it is probably". In this sentence, Jason is commenting that he thinks it is hot in the United States now because of past experience. He uses deshoo because he is not positive since he is not there at this moment. Examples: Waarasu-san wa Rondon-umare deshoo. (Mr. Wallace is probably from London.) Are wa Akutsu-san no kamera deshoo. (That camera over there is probably Mr. Akutsu's.) 7. Ee, Totemo samui desu yo. This sentence means "Yes, it is very cold". The particle yo is used to emphasize a statement. This should be used with caution as sometimes, it may be considered rude or impolite. It should only be used with someone that the speaker knows well. Ee is a more informal way of saying "yes" than hai. Examples: Ee, ano hito wa Shaafu-san desu. (Yes, that person over there is Mr. Shauf.) Ee, totemo atsui desu, yo. (Yes, it is very hot.) 14
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Listen to the sentences in Grammar notes. (.wav file) A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. 1. Suzuki-san, ( ). (It has been a long time.) 2. Saikin ( ) desu ka. (busy). 3. Ee, ( ) desu. (a little busy) 4. Kyoo wa ( ) tenki desu ne. (bad) 5. Amerika ( ) samui desu. (also) B. Answer the following questions according the question given. 1. Ogenki desu ka. 2. Saikin isogashii desu ka. 3. Kyoo wa ii tenki desu ne. 4. Amerika mo atsui desu ka. 5. Nihon mo atsui desu ka. Click here to check the answers!! LESSON 5 - Yota's Birthday and Mary's Parents In this lesson, Mr. Suzuki asks Mr. Miller about his age and Mary about her parents. Yota: Miraa-san wa nansai desu ka. Mr. Miller, how old are you? Jason: Jyuu-nana-sai desu. Suzuki-san wa. I am seventeen (years old). How about you, Mr. Suzuki? Yota: Jyuu-kyuu-sai desu. Kinoo wa tanjoobi deshita. I am nineteen (years old). Yesterday was my birthday. Jason: Soo desu ka. Omedetoo gozaimasu. 15
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Oh really? Happy birthday. Yota: Arigatoo. Miraa-san no otoo-san to okaa-san wa ogenki desu ka. Thank you. Are your father and mother doing well (in good spirits)? Jason: Hai, genki desu. Yes, they are fine. Yota: Mearii-san, otoo-san to okaa-san wa doko desu ka. Mary, where are your father and mother? Mary: Meruborun desu. They live in Melbourne. Yota: Oshigoto wa nan desu ka. What do they do for a living? Mary: Chichi wa kaisha-in de, haha wa kookoo no kyooshi desu. My father is a businessman and my mother is a high school instructor. Yota: Aa, sensei desu ka. Oh, a teacher? Mary: Hai, rekishi no sensei desu. Yes, she is a history teacher. Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) nansai how old -sai number suffix for age ichi one ni two san three shi, yon four go five roku six 16
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc shichi, nana seven hachi eight kyuu, ku nine jyuu ten kinoo yesterday tanjoobi birthday deshita was; were (past tense of desu) omedetoo-gozaimasu congratulations otoo-san father (someone else's) okaa-san mother (someone else's) shigoto job (informal) oshigoto job (formal) chichi father (the speaker's) haha mother (the speaker's) kaisha-in businessman; white collar worker kyooshi instructor sensei teacher rekishi history Listen to Vocabulary. (.wav file) 1. Miraa-san, nan-sai desu ka. The first sentence means, "Mr. Miller, how old are you?" Nansai is a compound of the word nan, meaning "what" and the ending -sai, meaning "age." The second sentence means "I am seventeen (years old)." The addition of -sai to jyuu-nana changes the meaning of jyuu-nana from simply the number seventeen to seventeen years old. Examples: A: Shaafu-san, nan-sai desu ka. (A: Mr. Shauf, how old are you?) B: Ni-jyuu-nana-sai desu. (B: I am twenty-seven [years old].) 2. Miraa-san no otoo-san to okaa-san wa ogenki desu ka. This sentence means, "Mr. Miller, are your father and mother well?" This sentence introduces a new pattern: Noun to noun wa. To is a particle which is the Japanese equivalent of the English "and." Examples : Wootaaman- san to Furiimanu wa tomodachi desu. (Mr. Waterman and Mr. Freeman are friends.) Sumisu-san to Tanaka-san wa sensei desu. 17
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc (Mr. Smith and Mr. Tanaka are teachers.) 3. Chichi wa kaisha-in de, haha wa kookoo no kyooshi desu. This sentence above means, "My father is a businessman and my mother is high school instructor." This introduces the pattern: noun de noun desu. De is a shortened form of desu which acts as a connector of two sentences, adding the conjunction "and" to the meaning. Examples: Woorasu- san wa rekishi no sensei de Gaadana-san wa eigo no sensei desu. (Mr. Wallace is a history teacher and Mr. Gardner is an English teacher. [Eigo=English]) Mearii-san wa ni- jyuu-go-sai de Jyuuri-san wa ni -jyuu-roku- sai desu. (Mary is twenty-five [years old] and Julie is twenty-six [years old].) Listen to the sentences in Grammar notes. (.wav file) A. Say the following numbers in Japanese. 1. 7 2. 10 3. 15 4. 20 5. 23 6. 34 7. 57 8. 68 9. 81 10. 96 11. 100 12. 121 13. 135 B. How do you say the following? 1. I am sixteen years old. 2. I am twenty-two years old. 3. Are you twenty-five years old? 4. How old are you? C. Fill in the following blanks. 1. Sumisu-san ( ), Tanaka-san ( ) gakusei desu. 2. Chichi ( ) kyoshi ( ), haha wa kaisha-in desu. Click here to check the answers!! Ja p a n e se L an g u a g e L e sso n s 18
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc LESSON 6 - The Weekend / Japanese Writing (しゅうまつ / ひらがなとカタカナ) Today, before you learn a dialogue, you are going to learn how to write Japanese characters. There are three Japanese writing systems: 1. Kanji: Characters imported from China long ago, each conveying an idea, usually having two readings. A set of more than 7,000 ideographic characters used to represent concrete concepts such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. 2. Hiragana: A phoenetic alphabet, or syllabary (a set of characters, where each character represents a syllable) used to represent particles in sentences, verb inflexions (this usage is called okurigana), and other words not written in kanji. Another use is to write them above Japanese text to indicate the pronunciation of Kanji (this usage is called furigana). 3. Katakana: Another phonetic alphabet or syllabary used primarily for foreign names or places and words of foreign origin. Katakana are written using straight lines. Besides these three writing systems, Japanese is sometimes written in Roman letters called roomaji. The three systems of writing above are used together (mixed) in written Japanese. For those of you who would like to view the romaji for this lesson, you can click here to download or view a text file that contains the romaji. (Right click the link if you would like to save the file to your computer instead of viewing online.) If the file shows in your browser, click "Back" to return to this lesson. We recommend this only be used as a study aid, as we believe it is more beneficial when learning Japanese to learn the kana. Get the Romaji for this lesson. ようた : メアリーさん、こんどのしゅうまつなにをしますか。 Mary, what will you do this weekend? メアリー : かいものにいきます。 I'm going shopping. ようた : どこへいきますか。 Where will you go (shopping)? 19
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc メアリー : しんじゅくへいきます。 I will go to Shinjuku. ようた : なにをかいますか。 What will you buy? メアリー : まだわかりませんが、たぶんようふくをかいます。 I don't know yet, but perhaps I will buy some clothes. メアリー : すずきさんはなにをしますか。 Mr. Suzuki, what will you do? ようた : うちでべんきょうします。 I will study at home. メアリー : どうしてですか。 Why? ようた : げつようびにしけんがありますから。 I have a test on Monday. メアリー : なんのしけんですか。 What kind of test? ようた : けいざいです。 An economics test. メアリー : そうですか。がんばってください。 Oh really? Good luck. Listen to Dialog up to this point. (.wav file) こんど this(the upcoming) しゅうまつ weekend 20
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc します to do かいもの shopping いきます to go に to; at; on へ to しんじゅく Shinjuku かいます to buy まだ yet たぶん perhaps ようふく Western-style clothes うち house (speaker's) で at うちで at my house べんきょうします to study どうして why げつようび Monday しけん test, exam があります to have から because of (preceding sentence) けいざい economics がんばってください Good Luck Listen to Vocabulary. (.wav file) 1. メアリーさん、こんどのしゅうまつなにをしますか。 This sentence means "Mary, what will you do this (coming) weekend?" こんど is the equivalent of "this" or "this coming" in English, referring to the present or something which will occur soon. Examples: ウォーターマンさん、こんどのどうようびなにをしますか。 (Mr. Waterman, what will you do this [coming] Saturday?) します (Shimasu) is a verb meaning "to do." It is a semi-formal form and is used in everyday life. All Japanese verbs have semi-formal forms. (non-past affirmative, non- past negative, past affirmative, past negative) non-past past affirmative negative affirmative negative to do しますしませんしましたしませんでした 21
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc to go いきますいきませんいきましたいきませんでした to buy かいますかいませんかいましたかいませんでした to understand わかりますわかりませんわかりましたわかりませんでした to study べんきょうしますべんきょうしませんべんきょうしましたべんきょうしませんでした to have ありますありませんありましたありませんでした Examples: どこへいきますか。 (Where are you going?) どこへいきましたか。 (Where did you go?) とうきょうへいきました。 (I went to Tokyo.) ようふくをかいましたか。 (Did you but clothes?) いいえ、かいませんでした。 (No, I did not [buy any clothes].) Listen to the sentences in Grammar notes. (.wav file) A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. 1. Kondo no shuumatsu ( ) o shimasu ka. 2. ( ) e ikimasu ka.. 3. ( ) o benkyoo shimasu ka. B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words (From left to right). Non-past Non-past Past Past positive negative positive negative しますいきませんかいましたわかりませんでしたべんきょうしますありました Click here to check the answers!! Ja p a n e se L an g u a g e L e sso n s LESSON 7 - Plans for Tomorrow (あしたのプラン) 22
Tiếng Nhật cơ bản Đào Ngọc Sắc Mr. Suzuki and Mr. Miller discuss what they will do tomorrow. For those of you who would like to view the romaji for this lesson, you can click here to download or view a text file that contains the romaji. (Right click the link if you would like to save the file to your computer instead of viewing online.) If the file shows in your browser, click "Back" to return to this lesson. We recommend this only be used as a study aid, as we believe it is more beneficial when learning Japanese to learn the kana. Get the Romaji for this lesson. すずき : あしたがっこうへいきますか。 Are you going to school tomorrow? ミラー : はい、いきます。 Yes, I am. すずき : なんじにいきますか。 What time are you going? ミラー : ８じごろです。 About eight o'clock. すずき : はやいですね。クラスはなんじにはじまりますか。 Wow, that's early. What time does class start? ミラー : ８じはんです。でもクラスのまえにともだちとあいますから。 At eight thirty. But before class I'm going to meet a friend. すずき : クラスはなんじにおわりますか。 What time are your classes over? ミラー : ３じです。 At three o'clock. すずき : じゃあ、そのあとうちへきませんか。テレビをいしょにみましょう。 Well, after that can you come over? Let's watch TV. ミラー : なにがありますか。 What's on? 23