Tình hình ruộng đất của huyện Ba Bể, tỉnh Bắc Cạn nửa đầu thế kỷ XIX qua tư liệu địa bạ

TIMH WONH RUOIVG DAT CIJA HUYE^ BA BE, TE^U<br /> B A C C A ] \ mJA DAU THE KY XIX QUA TlT LIEU DIA BA<br /> <br /> <br /> NGUYfeN Dtrc THANG*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. K h a i q u a t v e d i e n e a c h c u a h u y e n Den nam Minh Menh thfl* 16 (1835)<br /> Ba Be t h d i N g u y e n tinh Thai Nguyen gdm 3 phu la: Tdng Hoa,<br /> P h u Binh va Thdng Hoa. B i c Kan ngay<br /> Huyen Ba Be thdi N g u y i n thugc chau<br /> nay ve cd b a n v i n la d i t phu Thong Hda<br /> Bach Thong, phu Thdng Hda, tinh Thai<br /> gdm chau Bach Thdng (nay la d i t cac<br /> Nguyen. Sach "Dgi Nam nhdt thd'ng ehi'<br /> huyen Bach Thdn^, Chd Ddn, Chd Ra (tflc<br /> ch^p ve chau Bach Thong nhU sau: "d cdch<br /> huyen Ba Be), huyen Cam Hoa (nay thugc<br /> phu 41 dam vi phia Tdy; ddng tdy cdch<br /> dia p h a n cac huyen Na Ri, Ngan Sdn, •vung<br /> nhau 271 dam, nam bdc cdch nhau 283<br /> P h u Thdng cua huygn Bach Thdng).<br /> dam; phia ddng den dia gidi chdu Vu Nhai<br /> phu'Phu Binh 188 dam, phia tdy den dig Theo sach Ten lang xd Viet Nam ddu the<br /> gidi chdu Chiem Hod tinh Tuyen Quang 83 ky XIX thi gidi h a n huyen Bach Thong gdm<br /> dam, phia nam den dia gidi huyen Phu ba tdng la Thugng Giao, Ha Hieu, Quang<br /> LUdng vd chdu Dinh phu Tung Hod 100 Khe.<br /> dam, phia Bdc den dia gidi huyen Vinh "- Tong ThUdng Gido cd 9 xd: Dia Linh,<br /> Dien tinh Tuyen Quang 103 dam. Tii ddi Cdng Bat, Xudn PhUdng, Cao Tri, Banh<br /> Trdn vi triidc. ggi Id huyen Vinh Thdng; Trgch, Hdng La, Bgo Thi, Nhgn Mdn,<br /> thdi ih-tdc Minh vdn theo nhii the, le phu Nhdn Thiep.<br /> Thdi Nguyen; ddi Le ddi ten hien nay vd ggi<br /> - Tong Hg Hieu cd 7 xd, trang: Hg Hieu,<br /> Id chdu, le phu Tung Hod, do phien thdn hg<br /> Chu Hoa, Cao ThUdng. Nghiem Loan, Bdng<br /> Hodng not ddi qudn tri; bdn triiu ddu ddi<br /> Thdnh, Co Dgo, Da Nham.<br /> Gia Long vdn theo nhU the; ndm Minh<br /> Menh thd 16 ddi ddt liiu quan. Lanh 9 - Tdng Qudng Khe cd 6 xd, trang: Qudng<br /> tdng, 60 xd" (1). Thdi kf nay mgt loat dia Khe, Bang Chdu, Dong Phuc, Nam Mdu,<br /> danh cua h u y e n Ba Be da dUde ghi chdp Xudn CUu, trang My Hod Bdn" (3).<br /> trong Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi nhU la ckc Sach Dong Khdnh dU dia chi da chfl<br /> ddn •vi h a n h chinh chfnh thUe: Chg Ha thfch ve duyen each cua chau Bach Thong<br /> Hieu, Chd Q u a n g Khe, pho Chg Ra (2). nhfl sau: "Chdu Bgch Thdng ddi Ly -Trdn<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TrUdng Dai hgc Thai Nguyen<br /> 60 Rghien ciJru Ljeh siir. s6 4.2Q1Q<br /> <br /> <br /> Id dd't huyen Vinh Thdng, ddi thudc Minh NhUng theo tac p h l m Ten lang xd vd<br /> ddi ldm chdu Vinh Thdng. Ndm Quang dia dii cdc tinh Bac Ky cua tac gia Ngo Vi<br /> Thudn thd 7 (1466) ddi Le Thdnh Tdng ddi Liin x u i t ban nam 1938, den dlu the ky<br /> ldm chdu Bgch Thdng, ddt thudc phu XIX, huygn Ba Be cd ten 11 chau Chd Ra va<br /> Thdng Hda. Qua cdc triiu dgi sau deu cd t i t ca 24 xa, trong dd cd 23 xa thugc 3<br /> khdng thay ddi. Nay Id cdc huyen Bgch tdng neu tren va xa Hoang Tri thugc tdng<br /> Thdng, Chd Don, Ba Be tinh Bac Kan" (4). Nhu Viin (6).<br /> Huyen Ba Be gdm 23 xa thdn thugc ba tdng<br /> 2. Tinh hinh ruong dcit<br /> nhu sau:<br /> Tinh hinh rugng da't cua huyen Ba Be,<br /> "- Tdng Quang Khe, 6 xa: tinh Bic Kan nfla dlu the ky XIX dUdc<br /> 1. Quang Khe nghien cflu qua cac dia ba lap vao dlu trieu<br /> 2. Ddng Phflc Nguyen d cac nien dai Gia Long 4 (1805) va<br /> 3. My Hoa Minh Menh 21 (1840) vdi tdng sdcd 22 ddn<br /> •vi dia ba.<br /> 4. Xuan 6<br /> 5. Bing Chau Cac dia ba tren deu la ban chfnh viet<br /> bing chfl Han hign dfldc lflu tai Trung tam<br /> 6. Nam Mlu<br /> lflu trfl qud'c gia I, Ha Ngi. Cd 22 xa tren tdng<br /> - Tdng Thflgng Giao, 11 xa: so' 24 xa cua huyen, d nfla diu the ky XIX,<br /> 1. Thfldng Giao cd dia ba Minh Menh 21. Trong dd cd 1 dia<br /> 2. Cdng Bat ba dfldc lap vao thdi diem Gia Long 4 va 21<br /> dia ba dfldc lap vao thdi diem Minh Menh<br /> 3. Bgc Bd<br /> 21.<br /> 4. Xuan Phfldng<br /> Rugng da't cua 22 xa huyen Ba Be theo<br /> 5. Xuan La<br /> thd'ng ke trong tfl lieu dia ba cu the nhfl<br /> 6. Nhan Mon<br /> bang 1.<br /> 7. Nhan Tie'p<br /> So'heu tfl bang 1 cho thiy, phln ldn rugng<br /> 8. Banh Trach<br /> da't cua huyen Ba Be deu la rugng Ui. Khong<br /> 9. Dia Linh ke rugng lflu hoang, so' tfl dien thflc trUng la<br /> 10. Truyen Cd 2703.6.4.3.8 tren tdng sd rugng dit la<br /> 11. Cao Tri 2912.6.2.2. So'thd trach vien tri, t h i n tfl, phat<br /> - Tdng Ha Hieu, 7 xa: tfl, tha ma mg dia chiem so' lfldng khong dang<br /> l.XaHaHieu ke. Ca ba loai rugng dd mdi chi cd 85.9.5.0 /<br /> 2912.6.2.2. De Wnh dung ro hdn ty le cac loai<br /> 2. Xa Da Nham<br /> rugng nay tren td'ng so'rugng da't cua huyen Ba<br /> 3. Xa Nghiem Loan<br /> Be, chiing tdi da thd'ng ke so'heu d bang 2.<br /> 4. Xa Chfl Hfldng<br /> Sd lieu d bang 2 cho thiy, gin nhfl toan<br /> 5. Xa Cao ThUdng<br /> bg dien tfch da't dai cua huygn Ba Be d nika<br /> 6. Xa Cd Dao dlu the ky XIX la tii diin vd tii thd chfl<br /> 7. Xa Bing Thanh" (5) khdng cd rugng dd't cdng.<br /> Tinh hinh ruQng dat cfla huyen Ba Be. 61<br /> <br /> B a n g 1: T h o n g k e so r u o n g d a t c u a h u y e n B a Be<br /> Don vj; m.a.th.t.p (M5U, sko, thu6c, ta'c, phan) (7)<br /> <br /> <br /> Cac lo^i<br /> Ten lang xa Tu dien<br /> Tong di^n tich da't khac<br /> Tho trach,<br /> ruong da't<br /> SoTT Ten LUu vien tri Th^n tu, Tha ma<br /> Ten xa fm.s.th.t.pj Thi,(c trung<br /> tong Hoang phat t\f mg dja<br /> 1 Nam M S U 21.7.7.5 19.2.7.5 2.5.0.0<br /> 2 Quang Khe 140.0.3.4 136.0.3.4 4.0.0.0<br /> 3 Bang Chau 167.2.3.6 162.7.3.6 4.5.0.0<br /> 4 Dong Phiic 255.5.1.4 250.5.1.4 5.0.0.0<br /> a<br /> 5 MfUok 21.8.6.8 21.8.6.8<br /> 6 Xuan 6 67.0.7.1 65.0,7.1 2.0.0.0<br /> 7 Truyin Co 19.7.9.1 17.3.9.1 2.4.0.0<br /> 8 Cao Tri 380.0.12.1 375.5.12.1 4.5.0.0<br /> 9 ThUcJng Giao 208.3.5.7 51.8.1 151.5.4.7 5.0.0.0<br /> o<br /> 10 O Giao Lang 29.7.14.0 28.7.14 1.0.0.0<br /> bJD<br /> 11 C Dia Linh 241.3.9.8 236.8.4.8 4.5.5.0<br /> 12 Hong La 59.3.4.8 56.3.4.8 3.0,0,0<br /> 13 Xuan PhUdng 210.9.13.9 203.2.13.9 0.7.0.0 6.2,0.0<br /> <br /> 14 Nhan Tiep 101.4.2 101.4.2<br /> 15 Boc Bo 58.2.6.3 58.2.6.3<br /> Co Dao 150.2.3.7 147.1.3.7 3.1.0.0<br /> 17 Chu Hoa 301.8.14.7 286.8.14.7 9.0.0.0 6,0.0.0<br /> <br /> 18 3 B l n g Thanh 62.0.9.4 24.2.13.7.2 33.2.10.6.8 4.5.0.0<br /> 19 Cao Thu((?ng 145.5.13.4 138.5.13.4 7.0.0.0<br /> 20 Nghiem Loan 56.3.13.8 53.3.13.8 3.0.0.0<br /> 21 Ha Hi^u 123.0.5 118.0.5 5.0.0.0<br /> 22 Da Nham 90.6.14.7 87.6.14.7 3.0.0.0<br /> Tong Cong: 3 22 2912.6.2.2 123i).7A2 2703.84.3.8 T3J0J5J0 a7jOi) &2S)X><br /> <br /> Ngudn: Theo thd'ng ke 22 dia bg Gia Long 4 (1805) vd Minh Menh 21 (1840)<br /> <br /> B a n g 2: Ty le p h a n b o c a c loai r u o n g d a t c u a h u y e n Ba Be<br /> <br /> STT Loai ruong Dien tich (m.s.th.t) Ty le (%)<br /> 1 - Tu dien: 2826.6.12.2 97,08<br /> -t- Thue trUng: 2703.6.4.3.8 92,85<br /> -1- Luu hoang: 123.0.7.8.2 4,23<br /> 2 - Thd trach, vien tri: 73.0.5.0 2,50<br /> 3 - Cac loai da't khac: 12.9.0.0 0,42<br /> + Than tfl, phat tU: 6.7.0.0 0,21<br /> -1- Tha ma, mg dia: 6.2.0.0 0,21<br /> Tdng: 2912.6.2.2 100,00<br /> Ngudn: Theo thd'ng ke 22 dia bg Gia Long 4 (1805) va Minh Menh 21 (1840)<br /> 62 Rghien ciiru Lich sir. s6 4.2010<br /> <br /> Rugng da't thflc trflng chiem 92,85%, tha'y sd hflu tU nhan d Ha Dong diu the ky<br /> rugng lflu hoang chiem 4,23%, trong dd XIX chiem 65,34% trong tdng so'rugng dit.<br /> 100% la dien chfl khong cd thd. Neu so Biet r i n g cflng vao khoang thdi gian dd, ty lg<br /> sanh vdi ty le so' rugng lflu hoang cua 8 rugng tfl tren quy mo ca nfldc chiem 82,9%"<br /> tinh ddng bing song Hdng 11 21,75% (8) thi<br /> ty le lflu hoang cua huyen Ba Be nhd hdn - Quy md tii hiiu rugng ddt<br /> rat nhieu.<br /> Qui mo sd hflu rugng tfl cua huyen Ba<br /> Tuy nhien, dac diem cd ban cua tinh Be cd nhieu loai, nhflng ve cd ban cd 4 loai<br /> hinh lflu hoang d day la hign tfldng lflu nhfl tho'ng ke d bang 3.<br /> <br /> Bang 3: Quy mo tfl hflu rugng dat huyen Ba Be<br /> <br /> <br /> Quy m o sd hflu So c h u Ty le (%) D i e n t i e h ad hufu Ty le (%)<br /> <br /> < 1 mau 2 0,42 1.3.7.5 0,04<br /> l->5 mau 184 38,90 608.4.10.1.8 22,50<br /> 5->10 mau 258 54,54 1758.6.11.6 65,06<br /> 10->20 m i u 29 6,14 335.1.5.1 12,40<br /> Tong cong 473 100 2703.6.4.3.8 100,00<br /> Nguon: Theo thdng ki22diabg Gia Ixing 4 (1805) vd Minh Minh 21 (1840)<br /> <br /> <br /> hoang ca mgt xa nhfl hai xa Truyen Co', Chung ta tha'y so' ngfldi sd hflu dfldi 1<br /> Giao Lang. Ngoai ra, so' rugng lflu hoang d miu r i t ft, chi cd 2 ngfldi chiem 0,42% so'<br /> cac xa khac la tfldng dd'i ldn, nhfl d xa chu va chiem 0,04% tdng dien tfch rugng<br /> Thfldng Giao 24,51%, xa Bang Thanh da't. Trong khi dd cd tdi 65,06% rugng dit<br /> 38,70%. Sd di cd hien tfldng dd la do cac xa n i m trong tay t i n g Idp kha gia, sd hflu tfl 5<br /> dd la dia ban xay ra cac cugc chien tranh den 10 miu.<br /> ndng dan kdo dai d thdi ky cuo'i Le - dlu<br /> Nguyin. Dac biet la anh hudng tfl cugc - Binh qudn sd hiiu cua mdt chu<br /> khdi nghia cua Nong Van Van (7/1833- Tinh hinh tfl dien trong 22 xa va binh<br /> 3/1835). Huyen Ba Be la dia ban hoat dgng quan sd hflu cua mgt chu cua huygn Ba Be<br /> cua nghia quan Ndng Van Van. Tren dia theo dia ba Minh Menh 21 dflgc the hien<br /> ban huyen cung da nd ra nhflng tran danh qua bang 4.<br /> het sflc quye't liet gifla quan trieu dinh va So' chu sd hflu cua cac xa cung cd sfl<br /> nghia quan. Tieu bieu la tran danh bai dao chenh lech dang ke. Nhflng xa cd nhieu chu<br /> quan Thai Nguyen cua trieu dinh no ra sd hflu nha't la Xuan Phfldng (48 chu ), Chfl<br /> tren dia ban xa Bing Thanh. Hoa (43), Dia Linh, Ha Hieu (41)... Trong<br /> Neu so sanh vdi ty le rugng tU d vflng khi cd xa cd dien tfch tfl hflu nhflng khdng<br /> ddng bing va cua ca- nfldc thi ty le tU dien, cd mgt chu nao nhU Truyen Cd va Giao,<br /> tu thd (97,08%) cua huyen Ba Be ldn hdn Lang. Cd the rugng d i t tU dd thugc dien<br /> nhieu. O Ha Ddng, "so' lieu tho'ng ke cho t h i n tfl, Phat tu, tha ma, mg dia.<br /> Hnh hinh ruQng dat cfla huyen Ba Be... 63<br /> <br /> <br /> Bang 4: Binh quan sd hflu cua mot chu ruong<br /> Di^n tich c6 th§ Binh quan sd<br /> STT Ten Tong TenXa Ta dien So chu<br /> tinh sd hufu huTu mpt chu<br /> 1 Nam M5U 19.2.7.5 19.2.7.5 12 1.6.0.6<br /> 2 Quang Khe 136.0.3.4 136.0.3.4 18 7.5.9.5<br /> 3 B l n g Chau 162,7,3,6 162.7.3.6 23 7.0.12.2<br /> C<br /> 4 3 Dong Phiic 250,5,1.4 250.5.1.4 31 8.2.6.3<br /> 5 Tr. My Hoa Ban 21.8.6.8 21.8.6.8 9 2.4.4,1<br /> 6 Xuan 6 65.0.7.1 65,0.7.1 18 3,6,2.0<br /> 7 Truyen Co 17.3.9.1 0.0.0.0<br /> 8 Cao Tri 375.5.12.1 375,5,12.1 37 10.1.7.6<br /> 9 ThU(?ng Giao 203.3.5.7 151.5.4.7