Understanding minerals better: Advancing mineral classification framework through explainable AI and large language model integration

Minerals, with their intricate chemical compositions and crystalline structures, play a pivotal role in diverse chemical processes, applications, and research. Traditionally, their classification was achieved through observational and chemical techniques. However, with increasing sample sizes, these methods often proved time-consuming. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning (DL) promise transformative improvements in the speed and accuracy of mineral classification.