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KHOA HOC VA DOI S O N G<br /> <br /> <br /> U'NG DUNG TIEN BO KY THUAT VAO CHE BIEN VA BAO QUAN KIEU<br /> • a • •<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Kieu (Allium chinense) Id mpt cdy dn dirac thudc hg Hdnh (Alliaceae). Theo ddngy, kieu duac<br /> ggi bdng nhiiu ten: gidi bgch, tiiu todn (tdi nhd) tieu cdn todn, dd todn, dgi ddu thdi tu, hda thdng...<br /> Thdn kieu mdu trdng, hinh trdi xoan thudn, bao bdi nhieu vdy mdng. Ld mgc d gdc, hinh ddi hep,<br /> nua hinh tru, ddi 15-60cm, rgng l,5-4mm. Cum hoa hinh tdn kep tren mpt cudng hoa ddi 15-60em,<br /> mang 6-30 tdn hoa mdu hdng hay tim, la mpt logi rau, mpt mdn dn trong nhiing ngdy tet truyen<br /> thdng cua ddt nudc ta.<br /> <br /> Ddi vdi mdi gia dinh Viet Nam, dd la mdt mdn<br /> an truyen thdng khdng the thieu trong d cac dip<br /> le, let. Nd cd tac dung kich thich su ngon mieng<br /> trong nhiing biia an qua nhieu thit ca, va cd the<br /> ket hgp vdi cae mdn an khac. Do dd, khi ndi ve<br /> kieu, ngudi ta khdng the khdng quan tam den<br /> cac each che bien va bi quyet de lam mdn kieu<br /> mudi ngon. Vdi nhiing dac trung va cdng dung<br /> nhu vay nen kieu dugc trdng d nhieu viing khac<br /> nhau nhu Khanh Hda, Ddng Thap... va dae biet<br /> tai xa Huong Chii la dia phuong trdng kieu<br /> truyen thdng ehii yeu eiia huyen Huong Tra,<br /> Sdn phdm kieu mudi chua<br /> tinh Thira Thien Hue, vdi dien tich trdng kieu<br /> Theo Trung tam Khuyen ndng Qudc gia thi tren dia ban xa khoang lOha, nang suat binh<br /> kieu cd tac dung thdng boat lgi, thdng duong, quan 15 tan kieu/ha/vu. Tinh theo duong lich<br /> hanh khi, giam dau, an thai, bd trung, sinh co. trong nam cd hai vu chinh bat dau thang 9 den<br /> Ngoai ra, trong kieu cdn ed cac tinh dau tao nen thang 12 va thang 1 den thang 5, du udc san<br /> huong vi dac trung va mdt sd chat kliang sinh tu lugng trong nam khoang 300 tan. Cay kieu<br /> nhien cd the lie che, tieu diet mdt sd vi khuan gay Huong Chii cd diem dac biet la eii nhd nhung<br /> benh. Them vao dd, kieu de trdng, it phai dau tu, cd miii thom va vi cay ndng rat dac trung.<br /> nhanh cho thu hoach va dem lai gia tri kinh te kha Nhieu nam trude, cay kieu da gdp phan rat ldn<br /> cao. Nhu cau ve kieu tren thi trudng ndi dia kha ldn giiip ba eon ndng dan Huong Chii xda ddi, giam<br /> nen de ban, nhat la vao dip let (gia dao ddng trung ngheo. Tuy nhien, ngudi ndng dan d day trdng<br /> binh tir 4000-6000 ddng/lkg kieu eay tuoi). Cii kieu chu yeu de ban kieu tuoi tren dia ban va<br /> kieu va ca la kieu deu cd the lam cae mdn an. Cu mdt sd xa lan can trong huyen. Do vay, neu<br /> kieu thudng dugc mudi dua chua an kem vdi thit khdng tieu thu ngay thi kieu de bj heo va giam<br /> Ign luge hoac ludc nhd trdn vdi bap cai, thit ga; gia tri sir dung, tir dd lam giam thu nhap ciia<br /> dac biet cdn dugc sir dung lam thudc... La kieu cd ngudi trdng. dieu nay da ban ehl sir phat trien<br /> the an sdng, udp thit de nudng, hoac gia vao ndi viec trdng kieu tren dia ban eua xa Huong Chii<br /> lau nhu mdt loai rau thom. ndi rieng va huyen Huong Tra ndi chung.<br /> Vdi nhung each che bien khac nhau, kieu Vi the, viec da dang hda eac san pham kieu qua<br /> mudi chua thudng dugc sir dung nhieu han ca. che bien se giiip ngudi ndng dan cd cac san pham<br /> <br /> <br /> BAN TIN KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE THUA THIEN HUE, 4/2011<br />  KHOA HOC VA DOI SONG<br /> <br /> <br /> kieu du trii de lieu thu quanh nam, khdng bj ep biet ve ky thuat mudi ehua kieu mdt each khoa<br /> gia vao thdi vu thu hoach. Tran trd vdi nhan dinh hgc de cd the sir dung lau dai ddng thdi nang<br /> tren. trong ke hoach boat ddng khoa hgc va edng cao gia tri ciia san pham.<br /> nghe ciia linh nam 2009, UBND tinh uy quyen Ciing vdi viec thue hien ndi dung dieu tra,<br /> cho UBND huyen Huong Tra quan ly du an khoa danh gia, du an cung da xay dung thanh cdng cac<br /> bpc edng nghe cap tinh "L/ng dung tiin bd ky md hinh bao quan kieu theo phuong phap say<br /> thuat xdy dung md hinh che bien, bdo qudn kieu lanh ddng gdi chan khdng vdi budc dau cd 50 hd<br /> tgi xd Huang Chir, huyen Hicang Trd, tinh Thua tham gia va md hinh che bien kieu theo phuong<br /> Thien Hue " do Hgp tac xa Ndng nghiep La Chii phap mudi chua vdi sir tham gia 65 hd, ea hai md<br /> chii tri thuc hien, thdi gian thue hien tir thang 01 hinh tren deu sir dung phuong phap say lanh va<br /> den thang 12 nam 2010. Qua dieu tra tai dia ban may tao ozon. Vdi md hinh bao quan kieu say<br /> xa Huong Chii cho thay, dien tich dat trdng kieu lanh va ddng gdi chan khdng, ket qua phan tieh cac<br /> binh quan cua mdi hd gia dinh trong dien dieu tra chi lieu hda hgc ciia san pham dat dugc nhu sau:<br /> Kieu Phan tich ngay Kieu say lanh sau khi<br /> Ten chi tieu Don vj tinh<br /> tu-oi sau khi say lanh bao quan 2 thang<br /> Chat khd % khdi lugng 20,04 72,03 70,09<br /> Dudng % chat khd 7,81 7,59 7,22<br /> Protein tdng % chat khd 2,17 2,15 2,11<br /> Vitamin C % chat khd 0,081 0,073 0,069<br /> Acid tdng % chat khd 0,23 1,98 1,89<br /> Tinh dau % chat khd 2,31 1,93 1,81<br /> <br /> hau bet la dudi 2 sao, sd hd gia dinh cd dien tich San pham kieu say Huong Chir ddng gdi chan<br /> trdng kieu tren 2 sao la rat it, ehi chiem 13,33% klidng dugc img diing edng nghe say hien dai nen<br /> sd hd dieu tra. Tuy nhien vdi quy md dien tich van giir dugc chat lugng, huong vi, mau sac dae<br /> khoang lOha kieu hien tai, day ciing la nhiing con trung va thanh phan dinh dudng that thoat khdng<br /> sd cd y nghTa trong boat ddng san xuat kieu cua dang ke, dat lieu chuan ve sinh an loan thuc pham,<br /> hgp tac xa. Nhieu hd cho rang, kieu de ban vao trong dd do am: 30%; mau sac: trang; miii vi: van<br /> nhung thdi diem le, tet nhung ngay thudng rat<br /> giir dugc miii vi dae trung ciia kieu Huong Chir;<br /> khd lieu thu, neu ed the bao quan va luu trii trong<br /> trang thai: gidn. dai; an toan ve sinh thue pham:<br /> thdi gian tir 1 den 2 thang thi san pham kieu se de<br /> dam bao. Ngoai ra, kieu say lanh ddng gdi chan<br /> dang lieu thu hon va do dd thu nhap ciia ngudi<br /> klidng ket hgp bao quan trong dieu kien thoang<br /> trdng se lang len. Hp cung eho biet them, ngudi<br /> mat keo dai dugc thdi gian bao quan cao gap 3 lan<br /> Irdng kieu ehua bao gid sir dung cac phuong phap<br /> so vdi phuong phap phoi nang thdng thudng. Dieu<br /> bao quan sau khi thu hoach vi chung dugc ban<br /> ngay d dang tuoi. Chi 1 hd eho biel la: ciing cd nay se tang them hieu qua trong viec giai quyet<br /> bao quan nhung d dang eat giii trong mat de lam dau ra eua san pham kieu (ve tinh trai vu, ban sang<br /> mudi chua kieu dan nhung do chi lam theo kinh cae viing lan can va ca nudc...). Theo linh toan so<br /> nghiem nC-n san pham chua ngon. chat lugng bd ve hieu qua kinh te ciia md hinh kieu mudi chua<br /> that thudng va khdng cat giu dugc lau. Tat ea thi 5au khi linh loan cac khoan ihu. chi cho thay<br /> nhirng ngirdi trdng kieu deu mong mudn dugc lgi nhuan udc dai tren 25%.<br /> <br /> BAN TIN KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE THUA THIEN HUE, 4/2011<br />  KHOA HOC VA DOI SONG<br /> <br /> Vdl md hinh che bien kieu mudi chua. theo kinh te-xa bdi gdp phan nang cao chat lugng cugc<br /> eac ket qua phan tich cae ehi tieu hda smh va vi sdng, ciing cd nen kinh te va bao ve mdi trudng<br /> sinh d cac giai doan trudc va sau che bien tai cho viing ndng thdn tren dia ban huyen Huong<br /> Trung tam Kiem nghiem dugc pham-thuc pham Tra. Viec xay dung hoan thien md hinh che<br /> nham theo ddi su bien ddi ciia eac thanh phan bien kieu cd kha nang eung cap kieu chat lugng<br /> trong qua trinh bao quan kieu mudi chua, cho thay eao ma khdng su dung chat bao quan ddc hai,<br /> cac thanh phan cua kieu mudi ehua nhu sau: ham sir dung trong thdi gian dai ca trong nhiing thdi<br /> lugng dudng: 6,82%; ham lugng chat khd: diem trai miia, tir dd nang cao dugc gia trj cua<br /> 17,31%); ham lugng acid: 2,25 %>; ham lugng kieu, tao edng an viec lam va gdp phan ddi mdi<br /> vitamin C: 0,015 (%)mg); Ham lugng tinh dau: CO cau kinh te ndng nghiep va phat trien kinh<br /> 2,20 %; Ham lugng protein: 2,02%) ; E.coli, te-xa hdi tren dia ban huyen Huong Tra. Du an<br /> Conforms, Staphylococus aureus. Chat lugng cam Cling da giai quyet dugc d nhiem mdi trudng,<br /> quan eua san pham: Kieu mudi chua cd miii 'C'i mdi sinh do cac san pham phu dugc sir dung de<br /> thom dac trung, khdng mem nhiin do bi nhiem san xuat kieu tir cac hd gia dinh tren dia ban xa<br /> khuan gay thdi, ehua gidn, ed mau trang due, vdi va cho huyen nha bang each san xuat tap trung<br /> ket qua phan tich cac chi lieu hda hgc kieu mudi nen cd the thu gom phu phe pham de dang va<br /> ehua nhu sau: tan dung chiing de lam thue an ddn cho vat<br /> <br /> Sau bao Sau bao<br /> Sau bao quan 15<br /> Ten chi tieu Don vj tinh Kieu tuoi quan 5 quan 10<br /> ngay<br /> ngay ngay<br /> Chat khd %) khdi lugng 20,04 17,31 15,53 13,22<br /> Dudng % chat khd 7,81 6,82 6,15 4,62<br /> Protein tdng % chat khd 2,17 2,02 1,95 1,87<br /> Vitamin C %) chat khd 0,081 0,015 0,01 0,001<br /> Acid tdng % chat khd 0,23 2,25 2,34 2,45<br /> Tinh dau % chat khd 2,31 2,20 2,15 2,06<br /> <br /> Vdi hieu qua kinh te sau khi tinh loan ddi vdi nudi. Xay dung md hinh che bien kieu se giiip<br /> che bien kieu mudi chua thi lgi nhuan udc dat cho rat nhieu ngudi cd the tiep can edng nghe<br /> khoang 15%). ky thuat che bien kieu hien dai, tir dd cd the tao<br /> Ket qua cua du an budc dau dugc dua ra thi dieu kien hinh thanh eac vimg, trang trai san<br /> trudng cac tinh phue vu Tet Nguyen dan Tan Mao xuat kieu tap trung quy md Idn, tirng budc xay<br /> vira qua, kieu say ddng gdi chan khdng da dugc dung thuong hieu kieu Huong Chii xam nhap<br /> ngudi dan chap nhan va danh gia rat eao ve gia thi trudng tdt hon, ddng thdi quang ba hinh anh<br /> ca, ve sinh an loan thuc pham eiing nhu ve kieu de dua san pham den ngudi tieu diing trong va<br /> dang, mau ma... Budc dau san pham da dua vao ngoai tinh. Hon nira, ap dung cdng nghe bao<br /> trung tam mua sam tai Lao Bao (huyen Hudng quan che bien tien tien se gdp phan phat trien<br /> Hda, tinh Quang Tri); sieu thi Thuan Thanh... them ve sd lugng hd gia dinh tham gia san xuat<br /> Hieu qua cua du an se lam lien de cho viec hinh kieu, tao cdng an viec lam va gdp phan ddi mdi<br /> thanh mdt viing chuyen canh tap trung trdng va eo cau kinh te ndng nghiep va phat trien kinh<br /> san xuat kieu tap trung quy md ldn. Ddng thdi, dd te-xa hdi tren dia ban Huyen Huong Tra eung<br /> ciing la mdt dieu kien thuan lgi de da dang hda nhu tinh Thira Thien Hue.<br /> san pham. nganh nghe san xuat nham phat trien<br /> Le Dinh Tham<br /> <br /> BAN TIN KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE THUA THIEN HUE, 4/2011<br />