Use of English - Key word transformation

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USE OF ENGLISH KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION KEYS EX 1 1) You might lose your passport, so make a note of the number. case Make a note of your passport IN CASE YOU LOSE it. 2) I started work here six years ago, and I'm still here. have I ‘VE BEEN WORKING HERE FOR six years. 3) I can't remember a time when I wasn't friends with Rosie. as I've been friends with Rosie for AS LONG AS I can remember. 4) They don't know yet how many extras they will need in the film. worked They HAVEN’T WORKED OUT yet how many extras they will need in the film. 5) Which part of the climb frightened you more than the rest? most Which WAS THE MOST FRIGHTENING part of the climb for you? 6) I prefer skiing to doing any other sport. rather I'd RATHER SKY THAN DO any other sport. 7) Maria hadn’t finished working by ten o’clock. still Maria WAS STILL WORKING AT ten o’clock. 8) There weren’t many people at the concert. only There WERE ONLY A FEW people at the concert. 9) ‘Will you lend me the car, Dad?’ asked Jules. borrow Jules asked his father IF HE COULD BORROW the car. 10) They said they found his attitude very upsetting. been They said they HAD BEEN VERY UPSET BY his attitude. EX 2 1) A car becomes less economical when you drive fast. faster The FASTER YOU DRIVE, THE LESS economical a car becomes. 2) The bus would have left without him if he hadn't run so fast. missed He WOULD HAVE MISSED the bus if he hadn't run so fast. 3) It was almost impossible to see the road in the fog. hardly We COULD HARDLY SEE the road in the fog. 4) The newest house in this area was built five years ago. new They HAVEN’T BUILT A NEW house in this area for five years. 5) The paint on the bedroom walls is still wet, so be careful. dried The paint on the bedroom wall HASN’T DRIED YET, so be careful. 6) I think you ought to tell your mum that you've broken her printer. had You HAD BETTER TELL YOUR MUM that you've broken her printer. 7) Dad prefers to stay at home this evening and not go to the cinema. rather Dad WOULD RATHER STAY AT HOME this evening than go to the cinema. 8) Did the technician repair your computer for you? have Did YOU HAVE YOUR COMPUTER REPAIRED by the technician? 9) Unfortunately, both Alison and Diane were missing from class yesterday. nor Unfortunately, NEITHER ALISON NOR DIANE was at class yesterday. 10) It’s not possible that Richard did this project on his own. have Richard CAN’T HAVE DONE this project on his own. 11) He started work as a stunt person three years ago. working
He HAS BEEN WORKING AS a stunt person for three years. 12) Everybody who rides a bike should wear a helmet. worn A helmet SHOULD BE WORN BY everybody who rides a bike. EX 3 1) Last summer, Julia got up early every morning. TO Last summer, Julia used to get up early every morning. 2) I thought the book seemed familiar. HAD I thought I had seen/read the book before. 3) How long have Helen and Robert been married? GET When did Helen and Robert get married? 4) Jack bought those trousers last month, and has been wearing them ever since. FOR Jack has been wearing those trousers for a month. 5) It's a long time since our last conversation. SPOKEN We haven't spoken for a long time. 6) There aren't any sandwiches left, I'm afraid. ALL I'm afraid all the sandwiches have been eaten. 7) I thought that Martin's last novel was more interesting. LATEST Martin's latest novel is not as interesting as his last one. 8) I phoned Norman last of all. PERSON Norman was the last person I phoned. 9) This is the best party I've ever been to. A I've never been to such a good party as this. 10) This meal cost less than I had thought. WOULD I thought this meal would cost more than it did. EX 4 1) Jack left the office before I arrived there. already When I arrived at the office ___JACK HAD ALREADY_______________________ left. 2) Do you know how to drive this kind of car? ever Have ____ YOU EVER DRIVEN_____________________ this kind of car before? 3) This is my first visit to Scotland. I This is the first time ___I HAVE BEEN TO___________________________ Scotland. 4) During dinner, the phone rang. I While ___I WAS HAVING /EATING DINNER THE______ phone rang. 5) Do you have any plans for Saturday evening? doing What __ARE YOU DOING ON________________________ Saturday evening? 6) I started this job five years ago. been I have _____BEEN DOING THIS JOB FOR______________ five years.
7) Is this car yours? you Do __YOU OWN THIS____________ car? 8) Look at those black clouds! There's rain on the way! to Look at those black clouds! It's____GOING TO______________________ rain. 9) Our twentyfifth wedding anniversary is at the end of next year. for By the end of next year we __WILL HAVE BEEN MARRIED FOR___________ twenty five years. 10) I haven't been to the cinema for two months. time The __LAST TIME I WENT TO_________________ the cinema was two months ago. EX 5 1) It would be nice to be able to fly a plane. could I wish I ___COULD FLY______________________________ a plane. 2) Please don't eat in the classroom. you I'd rather __YOU DIDN’T EAT IN THE___________________ classroom. 3) I think we should leave now. we I think it's ___TIME WE_________________________________ left. 4) What a pity we ate all the food. only If __ONLY WE HADN’T EATEN___________________________ all the food! 5) It's a shame we don't have a video. wish I __WISH WE HAD_____________________________________ a video. 6) Don't shout all the time, it's so annoying! wouldn't I ___WISH YOU WOULDN’T_____________________________ shout all the time! 7) I don't want you to buy me a present. sooner I'd __SOONER YOU DIDN’T_____________________________ buy me a present. 8) I don't like being so tall. wish I ___WISH I WASN’T / WEREN’T________________________ so tall. 9) We ought to start work now. started It's ___TIME WE STARTED_______________________________ work. 10) I regret not going to university. had I ___WISH I HAD GONE_________________________________ to university. EX 6 1) Last Thursday we appointed a new marketing manager. was A new __MARKETING MANAGER WAS APPPOINTED________________________ last Thursday. 2) Smith Ltd are supplying our company with furniture. supplied Our company __IS BEING SUPPLIED WITH FURNITURE__________________ by Smith Ltd. 3) William the Conqueror built the castle in the 11th century. by The castle __WAS BUILT BY____________________________________ William the Conqueror in the 11th century. 4) No decision has yet been made. decided Nothing __HAS BEEN DECIDED__________________________________ yet. 5) People believe that someone murdered Jenkins. was It __IS BELIEVED THAT JENKINS WAS_____________________________ murdered. 6) Your hair needs cutting. get You ought ___TO GET YOUR HAIR_________________________________ cut. 7) The police were following the suspects. were The suspects __WERE BEING FOLLOWED BY THE_____________________ police.
8) Noone has seen Peter since the day of the party. been Peter __HAS NOT BEEN SEEN SINCE________________________________ the day of the party. 9) We put up a notice about the trip on the notice board yesterday. was A notice __ABOUT THE TRIP WAS PUT_________________________________ up on the notice board yesterday. 10) People think that an apple a day is good for you. to An apple a day ___IS THOUGHT TO BE GOOD____________________________ for you. EX 7 1) Please don't open the window. you I'd _RATHER YOU DIDN’T_____ open the window. 2) Fiona wanted to know the time. what Fiona wanted to know __WHAT TIME IT / WHAT THE TIME _____ was. 3) We won't go out if the weather is bad. won't We __WON’T GO OUT UNLESS_____ the weather is good. 4) I would like you to be here! wish I __WISH YOU WERE_________ here. 5) Catherine refused to let me go. couldn't Catherine __SAID (THAT) I COULDN’T___ go. 6) If I were you I’d try to get some sleep. advise I __ADVICE YOU_________ to get some sleep. 7) What a pity we didn't see the match. wish I ___WISH WE HAD SEEN_______ the match. 8) The old man introduced himself. us The old man __TOLD US HIS______ name. 9) David told me the time of the next train.. what David told __ME WHAT TIME THE NEXT_____ train left. 10) The police inspector said I had killed Mrs Burns. of The police inspector __ACCUSED ME OF____ killing Mrs Burns. EX 8 1) Excuse me, is somebody serving you, sir? being Excuse me, ___ARE YOU BEING SERVED_____ , sir? 2) I think we should go home now. went It's __TIME WE WENT_______ home. 3) The painters painted our house last month. had We __HAD OUR HOUSE PAINTED______ last month. 4) It's a pity that Charles is always complaining. wouldn't I ___WISH CHARLES WOULDN’T COMPLAIN_____ so much. 5) Someone will meet you at the airport. be You ___WILL BE MET______ at the airport. 6) People think that trainrobber Dave Briggs has escaped. have Trainrobber Dave Briggs __IS THOUGHT TO HAVE_____ escaped.
7) 'Don't forget to buy some bread, Mum,' said Pauline. reminded Pauline ___REMINDED HER MOTHER TO _____ buy some bread. 8) Have you received your salary yet? been Have ___YOU BEEN PAID____ yet? 9) I think I'll manage to finish the letters by 4.00. get I think I'll ___GET THE LETTERS FINISHED___ by 4.00. 10) My parents made me study every night. was I ___WAS MADE TO STUDY_______ every night by my parents. EX 9 1) Sue went shopping so she could buy herself a new television. to Sue __WENT SHOPPING TO BUY HERSELF_________ a new television. 2 ) You use this to open wine bottles. for This ___IS (USED) FOR OPENING_______ wine bottles. 3) I put the food in the fridge because I wanted it to get cold. would I put the food in the fridge ___SO (THAT) IT WOULD GET___ cold. 4) Harry left early because he didn't want to miss the bus. as Harry ___LEFT EARLY SO AS NOT_____ to miss the bus. 5) I saved up some money to buy a motorbike. could I saved up some money ____SO (THAT) I COULD BUY_____ a motorbike. 6) Jane gave up smoking because she wanted to save money. order Jane gave up smoking ___IN ORDER TO SAVE____ money. 7) I came here so that I could see you. to I ___CAME HERE TO SEE____ you. 8) Use this money to buy the tickets. buying This __MONEY IS FOR BUYING THE___ tickets. 9) I picked up the vase carefully, so as not to break it. that I picked up the vase carefully __SO THAT IT WOULDN’T____ break. 10) We put up a fence to prevent the rabbit escaping. couldn't We put up a fence ___SO (THAT) THE RABBIT COULN’T_____ escape. EX 10 1) Sam lost his job because he was lazy. Sam was __SO LAZY THAT HE LOST HIS JOB_______. 2) I couldn't buy the house because it was expensive. The house was too __EXPENSIVE FOR ME TO BUY____. 3) The book was so interesting that I couldn't put it down. It was _SUCH AN INTERESTING BOOK THAT I COULDN’T PUT IT DOWN____ . 4) There was too much noise, so we couldn't hear the speech. There was so __SO MUCH NOISE THAT WE COULDN’T HEAR THE SPEECH. 5) The house was too small to live in comfortably. The house wasn't _LARGE /BIG ENOUGH TO LIVE IN CONFORTABLY_ . 6) William never makes mistakes because he is a careful reader. William is so __CAREFUL THAT HE NEVER MAKES MISTAKES WHEN HE READS. 7) We can't eat now because there isn't enough time. There is too __LITTLE TIME FOR US TO EAT NOW__________ . 8) I can't come to your party because I'm too busy. I'm too _BUSY TO COME TO YOUR PARTY_______________ . 9) The class was cancelled because there weren't enough students. There were so _FEW STUDENTS THAT THE CLASS WAS CANCELLED .
10) It's such a lovely day today that I feel like taking a walk. It's so _LOVELY A DAY TODAY THAT I FEEL LIKE TAKING A WALK. EX 11 1) If you try harder, you will get better at dancing. HARDER The HARDER YOU TRY, THE BETTER you will get at dancing 2) I always trust Carla’s advice. SOMEBODY Carla IS SOMEBODY WHOSE advice I always trust. 3) It’s a pity we didn’t do more sport when I was at school. COULD I wish that WE COULD HAVE DONE more sport when I was at school. 4) I think Professor Jones started teaching here 100 years ago! BEEN I think Professor Jones HAS BEEN TEACHING HERE FOR 100 years! 5) Please don't copy my answers! RATHER I WOULD RATHER YOU DIDN'T copy my answers! 6) You'd better start revising for the exam! TIME It's (HIGH/ABOUT) TIME (THAT) YOU STARTED revising for the exam. 7) I imagine you were extremely happy to be chosen team leader. MUST You MUST HAVE BEEN extremely happy to be chosen team leader. 8) You'll find me waiting outside the station. BE I ___'LL BE WAITING OUTSIDE___ the station. 9) Maria is pregnant again. HAVE Maria IS GOING TO HAVE ANOTHER baby. 10) John wasn’t sure whether he could come to the party. MIGHT John thought he MIGHT NOT BE ABLE TO come to the party. EX 12 1. The wind was so strong that we could not stand against it. SUCH It was SUCH A STRONG WIND that we could not stand against it. 2. We got lost coming home from the leisure centre. WAY We couldn’t FIND OUR / THE WAY HOME from the leisure centre. 3. I tried as hard as I could to keep my promise to them. BEST I DID / TRIED MY BEST NOT TO break my promise to them. 4. Mary didn’t find it difficult to pass her driving test. DIFFICULTY Mary had LITTLE / NO DIFFICULTY (IN) PASSING her driving test. 5. He described the hotel to us in detail. DETAILED He GAVE US A DETAILED DESCRIPTION of the hotel. 6. Nina’s parents said she wasn’t to use their new camera. LET Nina’s parents DIDN’T / WOULDN’T / REFUSED TO LET NINA use their new camera. 7. A newlyqualified dentist took out Mr Dupont’s tooth. HAD Mr Dupont HAD HIS TOOTH TAKEN OUT / EXTRACTED by a newlyqualified dentist. 8. Antonio only lost the 100metre race because he fell. NOT If Antonio had NOT FALLEN HE WOULD HAVE won the 100metre race. 9. I have too much work to do so I can't go out with you tonight. ONLY If ONLY I DIDN'T HAVE so much work, I could go out with you tonight. 10. Daria needs to get a scholarship in order to go to that college. IF Daria could go to that college IF SHE GOT a scholarship.
EX 13 1. I don't like living so far from school. closer I wish (THAT) I LIVED CLOSER TO school. 2. I regret not buying that book you recommended. only If ONLY I'D / I HAD BOUGHT that book you recommended. 3. Maybe my dream will come true and I'll go to Cambridge! if What IF MY DREAM CAME true and I went to Cambridge! 4. It was thanks to my doctor that I made such a quick recovery. would If it hadn't been FOR MY DOCTOR, I WOULD not have recovered so quickly. 5. Thank goodness you knew first aid; he nearly died! known If you HAD NOT / HADN'T KNOWN FIRST AID he might have died. 6. You were ill because you ate so much! have You would NOT HAVE BEEN ILL IF you hadn't eaten so much! 7. I didn't realise how important it was; otherwise I would have taken the tablets. realised I would have taken the tablets, HAD I REALISED IT WAS so important. 8. You should speak to him he'll listen to you. to Were YOU TO SPEAK TO HIM he would listen. 9. I can't play football with you because I have this awful cold. able If I didn't have this awful cold, I WOULD BE ABLE to play football with you. 10. It's possible that you would have avoided the illness if you had stayed at home. might You MIGHT NOT HAVE BEEN GOT ill if you had stayed at home. EX 14 1. I had to go to the doctor because my symptoms were very worrying. had I WOULD NOT / WOULDN'T HAVE HAD to go to the doctor if my symptoms hadn't been so worrying. 2. 'I'm not sure I'll be able to contact you next week.' said Paul. not Paul said he WAS NOT SURE HE WOULD be able to contact me the following week. 3. Martin's text message read: 'Sorry. Couldn't find the house'. had Martin sent a text message to say that he HAD NOT BEEN ABLE TO find the house. 4. 'There has been an explosion,' the newsreader said. that The newsreader SAID THAT THERE HAD BEEN an explosion. 5. 'Three years ago I was in the same hotel,' Kevin told me. before Kevin told me that three YEARS BEFORE HE HAD BEEN in the same hotel. 6. 'Do you know who wrote the original story?' he asked. had He asked me if I KNEW WHO HAD WRITTEN the original story. 7. The message on his answering machine said: 'I am not free right now please leave your name and number'. moment His answering machine message said he was not FREE AT THAT MOMENT but I could leave my name and number. 8. 'I'll contact you tomorrow,' he said. following He said he WOULD CONTACT ME THE FOLLOWING day. 9. 'You must hang up the phone immediately!' she said. to She said I HAD TO hang up the phone immediately. 10. It's not possible that James signed up for the bungee jumping event! have James CAN'T/CANNOT HAVE SIGNED up for the bungee jumping event!
EX 15 1. Perhaps Nick has forgotten that practice was cancelled. might Nick MIGHT HAVE FORGOTTEN that practice was cancelled. 2. I don't think Gloria was very happy after she lost the match. could Gloria COULD NOT HAVE BEEN very happy after she lost the match. 3. It's possible that Sarah is running a marathon right now! may Sarah MAY BE RUNNING a marathon right now! 4. It is possible that Rolf came last, but I really can't remember! come Rolf MIGHT/MAY/COULD HAVE COME LAST but I really can't remember! 5. I imagine you're getting a little nervous. be You MUST BE GETTING a little nervous. 6. You won't have problems finding the gym as it's the only big building in the area. miss You CAN'T/CANNOT MISS the gym as it's the only big building in the area. 7. Paris is a nice city but it's so expensive. such Paris is nice, but it's SUCH AN EXPENSIVE city. 8. Please don't use more water than you really need. avoid Please try TO AVOID USING more water than you really need. 9. I'm sure Jane will manage to convince the city council to build a new park. succeed I'm sure Jane will SUCCEED IN CONVINCING the city council to build a new park. 10. Sorry, but I couldn't get concert tickets at such short notice. able Sorry, but I WAS NOT / WASN'T ABLE TO GET concert tickets at such short notice. EX 16 1. 'Bringing your own tents on the camping trip isn't necessary,' said Monique. have Monique told us we DID NOT / DIDN'T HAVE TO BRING our own tents on the camping trip. 2. John advised me to take my studies more seriously. would John said, 'If I WERE YOU I WOULD take my studies more seriously.' 3. This trigonometry problem is really hard for me to solve.' work I can't seem to WORK OUT HOW TO SOLVE this trigonometry problem. 4. The local environmental organisation has very little money left. running The local environmental organisation IS RUNNING OUT OF money. 5. I suggest reading this article before you do your geography homework. had You HAD BETTER READ this article before you do your geography homework. 6. Why isn't the government informing people about this problem? informed Why AREN'T PEOPLE BEING INFORMED about this problem by the government? 7. You'll never manage to convince him that bird watching is an interesting hobby. succeed You'll never SUCCEED IN CONVINCING him that birdwatching is an interesting hobby. 8. They began this wildlife charity in 1970. founded This wildlife charity WAS FOUNDED in 1970. 9. These animals need us if they are going to survive. depend These animals DEPEND ON US FOR their survival. 10. They have said that the company broke several environmental laws. accused The company HAS BEEN ACCUSED OF BREAKING several environmental laws. EX 17 1. If we fail to look after the environment, it could end in disaster. of
If we do not TAKE CARE OF the environment, it could end in disaster. 2. There was no reason for Mary to storm off like she did. have Mary DIDN'T / DID NOT HAVE TO storm off like that. 3. Our headteacher gave us permission to have a school ball! said Our headteacher SAID (THAT) WE COULD HAVE a school ball! 4. Children under sixteen are not allowed in the nightclub. get You CANNOT/CAN'T GET INTO / IN the nightclub if you're under sixteen. 5. Be more careful next time and you won't get hurt again. will You WILL HAVE TO BE more careful if you don't want to get hurt next time. 6. I am absolutely incapable of speaking French without an accent. speak I simply CANNOT/CAN'T SPEAK French without an accent. 7. It isn't necessary to ask Jacob to the party, but I think he'd like to come. not You DON'T / DO NOT HAVE TO INVITE Jacob to the party, but I think he'd like to come. 8. I wish I could go to a fashion show in Paris! able I'd love TO BE ABLE TO go to a fashion show in Paris! 9. Why didn't you tell Rod what time we were meeting? should You SHOULD HAVE TOLD Rod what time we were meeting. 10. I started going abroad when I was ten. have I HAVE BEEN GOING ABROAD SINCE I was ten. EX 18 1. The holiday was so expensive that we could only afford one week. an It was SUCH AN EXPENSIVE HOLIDAY that we could only afford one week. 2. After Peter's visits, we would all say goodbye to him at the station. see After Peter's visits, we would all SEE HIM OFF at the station. 3. Hilda was too young to travel on her own. enough Hilda was NOT OLD ENOUGH to travel on her own. 4. Years ago, a lot of people spent their holidays with relatives. used Years ago, a lot of people USED TO SPEND their holidays with relatives. 5. I was promised the best holiday I had ever had but it turned out to be a disaster. lifetime I was promised THE HOLIDAY OF A LIFETIME but it turned out to be a disaster. 6. One place that is becoming increasingly popular with teenagers is Canada. destination Canada is an INCREASINGLY POPULAR DESTINATION among teenagers. 7. Because we were so compatible, the trip was a great success. got Because we GOT ON SO well, the trip was a great success. 8. Getting over a breakup can take some time. recover It can take some time TO RECOVER FROM a breakup. 9. Ed and Stacey got married in September. been Ed and Stacey HAVE BEEN MARRIED SINCE September. 10. Marie started acting six years ago. for Marie HAS BEEN ACTING FOR six years. EX 19 1. James Dean grew up in Indiana with his aunt and uncle. RAISED James Dean WAS RAISED BY his aunt and uncle in Indiana. 2. I have tolerated your behaviour for too long! PUT I HAVE PUT UP WITH your behaviour for too long!
3. I solved the problem quickly with Jack's help. OUT Jack helped ME TO SORT OUT the problem quickly. 4. I tried talking to her a few days ago. ALREADY I HAVE ALREADY TRIED talking to her. 5. I saw Steve right after he took his exams. JUST Steve HAD JUST TAKEN his exams when I saw him. 6. When is the train due to arrive? GET When DOES THE TRAIN GET here? 7. I've had to wait all afternoon. BEEN I'VE BEEN WAITING all afternoon. 8. To get to work on time I have to get up at 6.00. MEANS Getting to work on time MEANS (MY) GETTING UP AT 6.00. 9. Today is Liz and John's thirtieth wedding anniversary. FOR Liz and John HAVE BEEN MARRIED for thirty years today. 10. Whose watch is this? BELONG Who DOES THIS WATCH BELONG TO? EX 20 1. Cathy hasn't been on holiday with her sister before. FIRST THIS IS THE FIRST TIME that Cathy has been on holiday with her sister. 2. My dentist's appointment is for next Wednesday. TO I AM GOING TO THE dentist next Wednesday. 3. Brenda had no idea of her next move. WHAT Brenda had no idea WHAT SHE WAS GOING TO do next. 4. What do you intend to do now? GOING What ARE YOU GOING TO DO now? 5. Who will be your assistant on this project? WORKING WHO WILL BE WORKING / IS WORKING WITH you on this project? 6. Scientists are on the point of making a vital breakthrough. ABOUT SCIENTISTS ARE ABOUT TO MAKE a vital breakthrough. 7. I'll be home late. UNTIL I WON'T BE HOME UNTIL late. 8. No one knows who is going to win the match. WHAT NOONE KNOWS WHAT THE RESULT of the match will be. 9. David is bound to be here on time. WON'T David WON'T BE LATE. 10. Mary and Alan's wedding is next weekend. MARRIED Mary and Alan ARE GETTING MARRIED NEXT WEEKEND. EX 21 1) Terry was fatter. DIDN'T Terry ____DIDN'T USE ____ to be so thin. 2) I have never read a novel as good as this before. HAVE
This novel is THE BEST I HAVE EVER read. 3) I started my stamp collection when I was ten. BEEN I HAVE BEEN COLLECTING STAMPS SINCE I was ten. 4) Nobody expected John to come to the wedding. TURN Nobody thought John WOULD TURN UP AT the wedding. 5) The ice turned into water as we heated it. UNTIL We heated the ice UNTIL IT MELTED /TURNED INTO WATER. 6) Janet has no intention of leaving her job. IS Janet ISN’T GOING TO LEAVE her job. 7) I did not buy the local paper, so I did not know about the concert. THERE If I had bought the local paper I WOULD HAVE KNOWN THERE WAS a concert. 8) Bob is a much better swimmer than George. SWIM George CAN'T SWIM AS WELL as Bob. 9) This is a 'no smoking' office. ALLOWED You AREN'T ALLOWED TO SMOKE in this office. 10) Maria didn't listen carefully to the news broadcast. ATTENTION Maria didn't PAY (ANY / MUCH) ATTENTION TO the news broadcast.