Vài nét về Chi bộ Cộng sản nhà ngục Sơn La (12/1939–8/1945)

VAI NET VE CHI BO CdNG SAN NHA NGUC SON LA<br /> • • •<br /> <br /> <br /> (12/1939-8/1945)<br /> PHAM VAN Ll/C*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> R a ddi trong hoan canh dac biet<br /> trong lao tQ cua de qudc (12-1939),<br /> nhQng ngay tQ khi thanh lap, Chi bp Cpng<br /> TQ nam 1908 thyc dan Phap da cho xay<br /> dyng d trung tam Thj xa Sdn La mgt nha<br /> tu, luc d i u de giam tu thadng pham, tie'ng<br /> san Nha ngyc Sdn La da diy manh cdng Thai gpi la nha tdi (hUdn myt).<br /> tac tuyen truyen giac ngp each mang ddi<br /> Theo thiet ke cua Sd kie'n true trye<br /> vdi quin chung, gay dQng cd sd each mang<br /> thupc Nha Cdng chfnh Bic Ky (10-1907)<br /> trong ddng bao cac dan tdc ben ngoai nha<br /> Nha tu Sdn La dupc xay dyng cd dipn tich<br /> tu, diu tranh de ty giai thoat va lanh dao<br /> 500m^; gdm cd 2 budm giam ldn, 4 budng<br /> nhan dan cac dan tpc Sdn La khdi nghia<br /> giam nhd (1). Ngay tQ khi dat nhQng vien<br /> gianh chfnh quyen thang 8-1945 t h i n g lpi.<br /> gach d i u tien cho vipc xay dyng nha tu,<br /> Ket qua nay cd the ndi la m i u myc cua vipc<br /> thyc dan Phap da nghien cQu, thiet ke khu<br /> trien khai, van dung sang tao chu tradng<br /> nha ch6o nay r i t dac biet. Tadng nha tu<br /> dadng ldi each mang ciia Dang vao dja<br /> dapc xay bing da hoc, mai Ipp tdn, buc tu<br /> phadng mien nui cd nhieu dan tpc thieu sd<br /> cung dapc xay bing da hgc, mat lang xi<br /> sinh sdng, trinh dp dan tri t h i p .<br /> mang, mep ngoai cQng cd gin cum dai bing<br /> 1. Nha nguc Stfn La va cuoc dau tranh chieu dai cua bye. Vdi ldi kien true nay,<br /> cua cac chien si Cong san den thang khu nha da tao ra khdng khf dac bipt: mua<br /> 12-1939 he ndng nhQ thieu nha dot, mua ddng lanh<br /> tha'u xadng.<br /> Sdn La la mpt tinh d trung tam khu vyc<br /> Tay Bic, dja hinh hiem trd, khf hau khic Lien vdi budng giam la budng de tu chet.<br /> nghipt 'T,am sdn chadng khf', diu the ky XX Trong mdi budng giam deu cd thung dyng<br /> giao thdng chaa phat trien, d day lai cd nhieu phan khdng cd n i p day. Xa lim vdn da chat<br /> dan tpc thieu sd sinh sd'ng, b i t ddng ve ngdn chdi, nggt ngat lai them mui phan nong<br /> ngQ; dac bipt h i u het ddng bao cac dan tgc nac, khdng khf bj d nhiem, ngadi tu bj giam<br /> Sdn La luc dd deu khdng biet tie'ng phd thdng. trong dd rat khd chju. Cach thiet ke nay da<br /> Cd the ndi, Sdn La luc a'y trong tiem thQc mgi de doa trye tie'p tam 15^ ngadi bj giam d day.<br /> ngudi nghe th^t riing rpn: Vdi so tu nhan kha ddng nhdt trong 1 xa<br /> lim chat hpp, sud't ngay dem phai ngiii mui<br /> "Ai len Hat Lot, Chieng Le<br /> phan ndng nac se khien ngadi bj nhdt trong<br /> Ngay di thi cd, ngay ve thi khdng". dd cd cam giac ve mgt cugc sd'ng e che tdm<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> • TS. Tradng Dai hgc Tay Bic<br /> 50 Rghien eiru Lich sil'. so 2.2010<br /> <br /> 1dm de d i n de'n nhQng y nghi bi quan tieu tadng bao cd mdt dadng de b'nh gac di tuin.<br /> cyc, chan ddi. Them vao dd thyc dan Phap Dac bipt, trong dpt md rpng nay, chung xay<br /> cdn lpi dung sQ k h i c nghiet cua tQ nhien de mpt day xa lim ngam n i m sau dadi d i t<br /> dung mudi rQng Andphen va mgt loat "hd' 3,5m, gdm 8 xa lim va mpt budng giam cd<br /> xf ndi" trong phdng giam lam ndi truyen mpt ldi di hep qua cic xa lim. Trong bndng<br /> benh nhanh chdng. tdi, cd cum sat tap the g i " chat vao bye<br /> giam tQ 3-5 ngQdi tren mpt dipn tfch hdn<br /> TQ nam 1930, lpi dung hiem the ciia Sdn<br /> 8m^. Tren canh cQa bang go kien cd' cd mdt<br /> La thyc dan Phap da bien ndi day thanh<br /> Id nhd trdng ra ldi di. Mdi budng tdi cdn cd<br /> ndi day ai cac chien si each mang. Cudi<br /> mpt c^a s i t , cd d khoa ldn. Budng xa lim ca<br /> nam 1930, doan tQ chfnh trj d i u tien gdm<br /> nhan r i t hpp (l,68m^) cd bp nam dai Im<br /> 24 ngQdi d l bj thQc dan Phap daa len giam<br /> g i n cQm s i t . D i u be cd mpt hoc lien vdi<br /> gJQ d day; thanh phan tu nhan luc nay cd<br /> ca tu chi'nh trj "cpng san" va tu Qud'c dan buc, tren de cdm, nQdc, dadi de bd dyng<br /> dang (2). phan va nadc tieu. Mdi xa lim ca nhan cd<br /> mdt Id thdng hdi nhd, khi canh ciia gd ddng<br /> Cudi nam 1931 (sau cao trao each mang lai thi mdi xa lim ca nhan bien thanh mdt<br /> 1930-1931), chung tiep tuc dQa hai doan tu hpp kfn, ngadi tu n i m khdng cya quay<br /> cd 90 ngadi tQ nha giam Hoa Ld (Ha Npi) dapc va cung khd phan bipt dapc rgay va<br /> len giam giQ d Sdn La. dem. .. ,<br /> Thang 2-1933 doan tu chfnh trj thQ 4 Doi dien vdi day h i m n g i m la mpt be<br /> gdm 210 ngadi lai bj thyc dan Phap day len ldn chQa nadc chim sau dadi dit. Toan bp<br /> nguc Sdn La, trong dd cd cac ddng chf Vu khu xa lim nay chi cd mpt ldi xudng bing<br /> Thipn Chan (tQc Chan Bua), T Q Nghj (tQc 21 bac da nhd hep, cd mpt cvta s i t kien cd<br /> Giang Ky). De'n cudi nam 1933, tdng so' tu ngay dem khoa chat, khien cho khdng khf<br /> chfnh trj bj thyc dan Phap daa len giam trong xa lim n g i m luc nao cung i m adt, hdi<br /> giQ d nguc Sdn La la 324 ngadi. ham va ve ban dem thi rat lanh.<br /> Sy cd mat cua cac doan tu chfnh trj da Khu nha bep dapc chung xay dyng ngay<br /> lam thay ddi h i n tfnh chat cua Nha tQ Sdn tren trai ldn cu, ldi len xud'ng h i m ngim<br /> La. Nha tu Sdn La khdng cdn la nha tu nam ngay dadi bep. NhQng tu nhan mdi<br /> hang tinh dung de giam giQ tQ thadng de'n khd cd the phat hipn ra day h i m ngim<br /> pham nQa ma da bj thyc dan Phap bie'n va ldi len xudng cua nd.<br /> thanh mdt trung tam giam giQ, day ai tu<br /> chfnh trj ldn d phfa Bic Viet Nam va Ddng Vdi ldi xay dyng n h a tren, ac y cua ke<br /> DQdng. Cudi nam 1930, thQc dan Phap cho thu la lam cho tinh t h i n nhQng ngadi bj<br /> giam ludn cang t h i n g . Thdi tiet khic<br /> md rpng Ngyc Sdn La ra phfa sau gip 3 l i n<br /> nghiet, nha giam u am, che do quan If nha<br /> dien tich thiet ke ban dau tQ SOOm^ (1908)<br /> tu ha khac de lam cho tu nhan giam sut<br /> len ISOOm^ (1930) (3). Tadng bao quanh<br /> nghj lyc va y chf.<br /> nha tQ cung dapc xay dyng xong cung vdi<br /> he thd'ng nha giam mdi, gdm 5 nha giam De dung vdi ban c h i t ciia nd, LU r.im<br /> chi'nh, 4 Id cdt cd chdi canh d 4 gdc va mdt 1930, thyc dan Phap cung ddi ten gpi Nha<br /> sd' gian dung lam xadng xay lua, nha kho, tu Sdn La thanh Ngyc Sdn La (tQ Prison<br /> bep, nha thud'c va ban giiy. Phfa trong ddi thanh Pentencier).<br /> Vai nef ve Chi bp Cong s^n... 51<br /> <br /> Am mQu tham ddc dd da dapc ten cdng giQ, day ai tu chfnh trj ldn d phfa Bic Vipt<br /> sQ Sanhpuldp (Saint Poulope) ndi r i t ro Nam va Ddng Dadng. Dapc thiet ke theo<br /> trong bao cao giii thdng sQ Bic K^: kieu nha ngyc, cpng vdi che dp lao tu tan<br /> bao va sy khic nghipt cua khf hau thdi tiet<br /> "... Chi cin mpt thdi gian khdng lau, sdt<br /> da lam cho cupc sdng cua cac chien si cpng<br /> rdt, bpnh tat va cdng vipc khd sai se tieu<br /> san bj day ai d day trd nen cung cyc la "dja<br /> hao chung (tQc tu chfnh trj) mpt each em<br /> ngyc" ciia t r i n gian.<br /> thim". Mpt bao cao khac, ten nay lai qua<br /> quye't ring: "Chi 6 thang, vi trung sdt r6t se The nhang, ngay tQ nhQng ngay diu dat<br /> lam cho chung (cac tu chfnh trj) trd nen chan len Sdn La, mac du chQa thanh lap<br /> hien lanh, dl bao ..." (4). dapc Chi bg trong tu, lai chaa thdng thd dja<br /> hinh nhang cudc d i u tranh chd'ng che do<br /> Cung vdi sy phat trien cua phong trao<br /> lao tu tan bao ciia cac chie'n si cdng san vin<br /> each mang chdng de qudc phong kie'n cua<br /> dien ra manh me va quyet lipt.<br /> nhan dan ta, nhieu q u i n chung au tu va<br /> chie'n si kien trung ciia Dang bj thyc dan Md d i u la cugc d i u tranh cua anh em tu<br /> Phap b i t va day len Sdn La. Trade sy ddng chfnh trj dien ra vao thang 12-1930 ddi cai<br /> dao cua tu chfnh trj, d i u nam 1940 thQc thipn che dp lao tu, chdng danh dap va ddi<br /> dan Phap lai cho md rpng Nha ngyc Sdn La phai phat them q u i n ao i m de lao dpng.<br /> lin thQ hai. L i n nay chung cho xay them Tie'p de'n la cudc d i u tranh cua tu chfnh trj<br /> mgt trai giam ldn gdm 3 gian canh trai Ifnh 10-1933 daa yeu sach cho Toan quyen<br /> khd xanh va gianh mgt trai giam nhd cho Ddng Dadng Patskie (Pasquier) khi ten nay<br /> nhQng ngadi thupc loai an tri (nhQng can len Sdn La dy budi khai tradng dadng<br /> bp each mang daa di tap trung ma khdng Sanh Pu Ldp (Qudc lp 6 hipn nay) va kiem<br /> xii an), gpi la trai tap trung (Camp de tra lai am mau giet hai nhQng ngadi cpng<br /> concentration). san d Nha tu Sdn La... Trong thdi gian tQ<br /> 1934-1935, thQc dan Phap lai dQa hai doan<br /> Ngyc Sdn La dapc md rpng ddng thdi<br /> tu chfnh trj hdn 100 ngadi len Sdn La,<br /> cung vdi nhieu nha giam khac trong ca<br /> trong dd cd cac ddng chf Sao Dd (tQc<br /> nadc nhang v i n khdng du chd de giam cim<br /> Nguyen Ladng Bing), Dang Vipt Chau,<br /> cac chie'n si each mang. Trong vipc xay<br /> Pham Quang Ljch... Cung cd ddng chf bj<br /> dyng va md rpng nha tu, thyc dan Phap<br /> day len Sdn La l i n thQ hai nhQ ddng chf<br /> d^c bipt chu f tdi cac nha tu: Cdn Dao, Sdn<br /> Tradng Chinh, BQi Vu Try... Do bj giam<br /> La va Budn Ma Thuat. Mpt nha tu dapc<br /> cim qua nhieu nha tu de qudc, mpt sd ddng<br /> xay dyng tren mdt hdn dao chdi vdi giQa<br /> chf da phai trai qua nhQng cudc diu tranh<br /> bien ca menh mdng, hai nha tu xay dyng<br /> sinh tli vdi quan thu, tfch luy dQpc nhieu<br /> giQa vung rQng nui hoang vu, hiem trd. Ca<br /> kinh nghipm d i u tranh trong tu, n h i t la<br /> ba nha tQ deu d vao the bipt lap vdi xa hpi.<br /> hai ddng chf Nguyen LQdng Bing va Pham<br /> Do dd, mpi boat dpng cua cac chie'n si each<br /> Quang Ljch. DQng trQdc tinh hinh dd, td<br /> mang gap r i t nhieu khd khan.<br /> chQc dai dien tu chfnh trj da van dpng anh<br /> Nha vay, ban d i u tQ mpt nha tu hang em da'u tranh chdng che dp lao dpng khd<br /> tinh dQng de giam giQ tu thadng pham, sai, ddi dapc hadng che dp tu chfnh trj. Do<br /> Nha tQ Sdn La da dapc thyc dan Phap bidn thai dp da'u tranh kien quyet khdn kh6o<br /> thanh Ngyc Sdn La - mpt trung tam giam cila ta, ke djch da phai giam hinh ph?it lao<br /> 52 Rghien eiru Lieh sii". so 2.2Q10<br /> <br /> ddng khd sai cho tu chfnh trj. T h i n g lpi cua 7 lai bj thyc dan Phap day len Sdn La,<br /> cupc da'u tranh da gdp p h i n khang djnh trong dd cd mpt sd ddng chf la can bp Qu tii<br /> them t i c dung va tam quan trpng cua cupc va q u i n chung kien trung cua Dang da trai<br /> da'u tranh trong tu cua cac chie'n si cpng qua cac nha tu de qudc, trai qua cac cupc<br /> san. da'u tranh sinh tii vdi ke thu, cd kinh<br /> nghiem td chQc lanh dao cupc d i u tranh<br /> TQ nam 1935, lpi dyng Mat tran Binh<br /> trong tu. Cac ddng chi tha'y ro sy cin thiet<br /> dan Phap len Sdn La dieu tra ve sy ngQpc<br /> phai g i p n i t thanh lap Chi bp cpng san de<br /> dai cua thyc dan Phap ddi vdi tu nhan va<br /> lanh dao va td chQc cugc d i u tranh trong<br /> yeu cau bpn cai nguc phai an xa cho chfnh<br /> nha tQ mdi cd the gianh t h i n g ldi.<br /> trj pham... cac chien si cpng san da tim<br /> each giii ddn cho phai doan dieu tra vach Tren tinh t h i n dd t h i n g 12-1939 cac<br /> t r i n tdi ac cua chung. Ke't qua, bpn chua dang vien trong nha tu da hpp va bf mat<br /> nguc d Sdn La bupc phai an xa cho tu chfnh thanh lap Chi bd Cpng san lam thdi gdm 10<br /> trj "... Dpt 1 vao thang 7-1936 cd 35 tQ ddng chf. Ddng chf Nguyin LQdng Bing<br /> chfnh trj dapc daa ve Ha Npi; ddt thQ hai dapc cti iam Bf t h a Chi bp (6).<br /> cd them 60 ngadi dapc an xa daa ve Ha<br /> Nam 1940, thQc dan Phap tiep tyc dQa<br /> Ngi... Nguc Sdn La luc nay g i n n h a bj giai<br /> hai doan tu chfnh trj nQa len Sdn La, trong<br /> the chi cdn mgt so' it tu chinh trj dd la cac<br /> dd cd cic ddng chf Van Tie'n Dung, Trin<br /> ddng chf Nguyen Ladng Bing va ddng chf<br /> Pham Quang Ljch, Hoang Dinh Dong bj Huy Lipu, Nguyen Van Phuc, Td Hipu, Ngd<br /> ket an nang 20 nam khd sai cung 4 ngadi Minh Loan, Le Quang Hoa.<br /> tu Qud'c dan dang bj coi la nhQng p h i n tQ Mdi nam tQ chfnh tri bj day len giam<br /> "nguy hiem" khdng dapc an xa..." (5). cim d Sdn La cang ddng, thyc dan Phap<br /> phai lien tyc cho md rpng nha tu. Chung<br /> Thyc te da'u tranh ciia cac chien si cdng<br /> cdn tim cich "... rut bdt k h i u p h i n an, b i t<br /> san Ngyc Sdn La cho t h i y sy cin thie't phai<br /> tu nhan phai lao dpng cQc nhpc, mpi sd<br /> thanh lap dadc Chi bp Cpng san trong tu de<br /> s u i t trong cdng viec va sinh boat deu bj<br /> td chQc va lanh dao cupc d i u tranh cua cac<br /> chung danh dap tan n h i n . Khdng ft nhQng<br /> chien si cdng san mdi cd the gianh dQdc<br /> t h i n g lpi; tuyen truyen giac ngp each mang chien si each mang d i u tranh da bj chung<br /> ddi vdi ddng bao cac dan tdc, tien tdi gay daa xud'ng xa lim n g i m va bj tra t i n cyc<br /> dyng cd sd each mang ben ngoai nha tu. Cd hinh..." (7).<br /> the ndi, day la ddi hdi bQc thiet cua cupc De td chQc va lanh dao anh em d i u<br /> da'u tranh cua cac chien si cpng san nha<br /> tranh chd'ng che dp lao tu tan bao cua de<br /> ngyc va phong trao each mang Sdn La luc<br /> qudc P h i p , t h i n g 2/1940 Chi bp cpng san<br /> nay.<br /> lam thdi Ngyc Sdn La dQdc chuyen thanh<br /> 2. Chi b o C o n g s a n N h a n g u c Scfn La chi bp chfnh thQc, ddng chf T r i n Huy Lipu<br /> t h a n h lap va lanh dao phong trao each dQdc cd lam Bi thQ Chi bp, ddng chf Td<br /> m a n g d i a phiicfng (12/1939 - 3/1945) Hipu lam Chi uy vien.<br /> Trong khi cac cupc d i u tranh ty phat Den t h i n g 5-1940, chi uy bf mat tripu<br /> ciia nhan dan cac dan tpc v i n lien tyc dien tap Dai hpi Chi bp de thao luan, quye't djnh<br /> ra thi t h i n g 12-1939 doan tu chfnh trj thQ cac chii trQdng cdng tac. Ddng chf Td Hipu<br /> Vai net ve Chi bo Cong san. 53<br /> <br /> <br /> dapc b i u lam Bf t h a Chi bd. Dai hdi da de rai cho q u i n chung; ra bao "Sudi reo" gdp<br /> ra 5 nhiem vy cdng tac ldn, dd la: p h i n tuyen truyen van dpng each mang<br /> khien mpi ngadi rat p h i n khdi, tin tadng.<br /> 1. Chi bd lanh dao toan dien hoat ddng<br /> Dac bipt, de cdng tac tuyen truyen each<br /> cua nha tu.<br /> mang mang lai hieu qua cao, Chi uy cdn<br /> 2. Tang cadng cdng tac tuyen truyen, lap ra cac ban: tu van, binh van, dan van<br /> giao dye va ren luyen dao dQc each mang<br /> Do cd chu tradng dung dan, phu hpp nen<br /> cho dang vien va q u i n chung.<br /> chi trong mdt thdi gian ngin Chi bd Nha<br /> 3. Dao tao va bdi dadng can bg, h u i n nguc Sdn La da cam hoa dapc nhieu quan<br /> luyen dang vien ve If luan Mac - Le nin va chung, thanh nien tfch cyc trd thanh hat<br /> phadng phap d i u tranh each mang trong nhan de gay dyng phong trao, tieu bieu<br /> nha tu. nha: Ld Van Sdn (Ifnh khd' xanh), Quan<br /> 4. Xay dyng va phat trien cac td chQc Madi, Dgi That, Ddi The (tQc Toan), Dgi<br /> quin chung ben trong va ben ngoai nha Chfnh (tQc Cim Hien), Cai Pieng, Cim<br /> ngyc. Van Inh (y ta), Binh Chung (tQc Di b6o), Be<br /> Nhat Huan (cdng chQc iam vipc d Tda sQ),<br /> 5. Tim each b i t lien lac vdi xQ uy va Phan Du, Giao DQc va ba Quang Thj<br /> Trung adng Dang de xin y kie'n chi dao cua Khieu, dng Ld Van Hae, dng Tdng Van Ddi,<br /> cip tren ddi vdi chi bd nha tu. ba Ld Thj Dpn (d phd' Chieng Le), Tdng Van<br /> Ngay tQ khi ra ddi, Chi bp Nha tu Sdn Ddi, Ld Thj Dpn (Madng La)... Ket qua diu<br /> La da diy manh cdng tac tuyen truyen giac nam 1943 hai td chQc each mang diu tien<br /> ngp each mang ddi vdi quin chung, gay trong ddng bao Thai d Sdn La da dapc<br /> dyng cac cd sd each mang trong ddng bao thanh lap, dd la:<br /> cac dan tdc. Tren cd sd nghj quyet cua Chi<br /> + Td thanh nien Thai cQu qud'c d tinh ly<br /> bp, dya vao dadng ldi chuyen hadng chien<br /> (tie'ng Thai gpi la Mu Ndm chit madng),<br /> lapc each mang trong thdi ky mdi cua<br /> gdm cd: Chu Van Thjnh, Tdng Lanh,<br /> Trung adng va tinh hinh thyc te d dja<br /> Nguyen Phuc, Quang Ddn, do Chu Van<br /> phadng, Chi uy, Chi bp Nha tu Sdn La chii<br /> Thjnh phu trach.<br /> tradng:<br /> + Td Thanh nien Thai cQu qud'c d chau<br /> + Tang cadng tuyen truyen vain dpng, Madng La (tieng Thai gpi la Mu Ndm chit<br /> xay dyng cd sd each mang d ben ngoai nha madng) gdm cd: Cim Van Thinh, Ld Van<br /> tu, tien tdi vu trang khdi nghia d Sdn La<br /> Gia, Ld Van Phui, Ld Xuan, do Cam Van<br /> khi cd du dieu kipn.<br /> Thinh phu trach (8).<br /> + Tfch cyc dao tao can bp, td chQc vapt Hai td chQc thanh nien cQu qud'c nay<br /> ngyc, daa can bp ra ngoai hoat ddng. boat dgng theo nguyen tic va dieu lp cua<br /> De dat dapc muc dich tren, Chi bd da Dgi Thanh nien cQu qud'c trong Mat tran<br /> day manh cdng tac tuyen truyen, giao dye Viet Minh. Vdi nhiem vu tuyen truyen, van<br /> lam cho mpi ngadi hieu ro tinh hinh va dgng va xay dyng cac td chQc each mang d<br /> nhipm vy mdi. Chi uy td chQc viet lai tinh dja phQdng. Cd the ndi, Hdi ngQdi Thai cQu<br /> thin nghj quyet Trung adng 8 de lam tai qud'c va Dpi Thanh nien Thai cQu qud'c thyc<br /> lieu hpc tap trong Chi bp va phd bie'n rpng sy la chiec ciu ndi giQa Dang vdi ddng bao<br /> 54 Rghien ciru Lich siir. so 2.2Q1Q<br /> <br /> cac dan tpc; hai td chQc nay dQpc sy lanh nha tu (thdng qua ddng chf Binh Trung va<br /> d^o trye tie'p ciia Chi bp nha ngyc, tiep Be Nhat H u i n ) tuyen truyen giac ngp trcl<br /> nhan chii tradng dadng ldi cua Dang tQ Chi thanh hat nhan de gay d i ^ g phong trao.<br /> bp Nha tii Sdn La, tuyen truyen anh sang Vdi lpi the dd, Madng Chanh da dapc Chi<br /> each mang, tap hpp, doan ke't q u i n chiing bp nha tu Sdn La dat hadng lau dai xay<br /> de tda rpng va phat trien phong trao trong dyng thanh can cQ dja each mang, ma<br /> toan tinh. trade tien la xay dyng Madng Chanh thanh<br /> cd sd de cd cho lam ndi lien lac vdi Trung<br /> Theo chii trQdng cila Chi bp nha tu. Dpi<br /> adng va ndi t n i chan cho cac dong chf trong<br /> Thanh nien Thai cQu qudc d MQdng La da<br /> tu vapt ngyc (9).<br /> bat tay vao van ddng q u i n chung d ban<br /> Thai d xa Chieng Xdm (nay la Huyen Dapc sy chi dao cua Chi bp nha tu, ddng<br /> Madng La) da'u tranh chdng sau cao thue chf Chu Van Thjnh da tdi Madng Chanh<br /> nang, ddi giam thue, giam rupng chQc, bdt tuyen truyen gay dicing cd sd each mang;<br /> ddng gdp thdc kho. Dac bipt, ngay 5-8- cudi nam 1943, Hpi ngadi Thai cQu quoc<br /> 1943, Chi bp nha ngyc da bd tri cho 4 ddng (Tie'ng Thai gpi la Cdn tay c h i t mQdng)<br /> chf: Nguyen T u i n Dang (tQc T r i n Dang gdm 12 hpi vien da dapc thanh lap. Ngay tQ<br /> Ninh), Nguyen Van Tran (bf danh la Dipu), khi thanh lap Hpi ngQdi Thai cQu qudc d<br /> Lau DQc Hieu (tQc LQU Quyen), Nguyen Madng Chanh da phat huy anh hQclng tdt<br /> Ladng Bang vapt nguc t h i n g lpi; ngadi d i n trong q u i n chiing ndng dan. Hpi da cd<br /> dadng la Ld Van Gia - Doan vien Thanh nhieu hinh thQc van dpng niia cdng khai<br /> nien cQu qudc Madng La. niia bf mat de giac ngp q u i n chung, phat<br /> trien hgi vien mdi. Hgi da hQdng d i n cac<br /> Cuoi nam 1943 d i u nam 1944, de dap<br /> "Hgi dpt anh" (Hpi ket nghia anh em thanh<br /> Qng sQ phat trien ciia phong trao each<br /> lap tQ nam 1939) doin ke't d i u tranh ddi<br /> mang dja phadng va ca nadc, Chi bp Nha<br /> bdt phu, giam thue, chdng phia, tao dja<br /> Ngyc Sdn La chu tradng xay dyng cSn cQ<br /> dja each mang d Sdn La va cii ddng chf phQdng ldi dyng quyen the ha lam nhan<br /> Chu Van Thjnh di khao sat tinh hinh chpn dan... Trade tinh t h i n dau tranh manh me<br /> dja diem. ciia nhan dan Tda sQ Sdn La bupc phai cii<br /> phd sQ Valangxo xud'ng tan ndi tuyen bd<br /> Xa Madng Chanh thupc thapng ngudn cha'p nhan yeu c i u cua q u i n cnv^t? '"k each<br /> sadi Nam Na, each thj xa khoang 20 km, cd chQc chQc djch mdi d Madng Chanh cupc<br /> mang ladi giao thdng thuan tipn. TQ da'u tranh da thu dQdc t h i n g ldi.<br /> Madng Chanh cd the di len Thuan Chau, cd<br /> Tren cd sd dd, Hgi ngQdi Thai cQu qudc<br /> the sang sdng Ma, tdi Thapng Lao, vao<br /> Madng Chanh tie'p tyc d i y phong trao len<br /> Thanh Hda, Nghe An; cd the xud'ng Mai<br /> cao hdn. Vy thue nam 1944, hg da diu<br /> Sdn ra dadng 41 (nay la Qudc lp 6), mang<br /> tranh vdi phia gianh dapc 14 con trau, 50<br /> ladi giao thdng i y dam bao vipc tie'n, thoai,<br /> con Ipn, 10 ta'n lua rdi dem mgt p h i n chia<br /> cd dpng va bf mat; nhan dan Madng Chanh<br /> cho quan chung, p h i n cdn lai nhap quy<br /> giau truyen thd'ng yeu nadc, cam thu de<br /> Hgi.<br /> qud'c thyc dan va bpn phia, tao tay sai; day<br /> lai la dja phadng cd nhieu q u i n chung la De bao vp nhQng cupc d i u tranh ciia<br /> nhQng thanh nien hpc sinb, cdng chQc hpc q u i n chung Hpi cdn td chQc Dpi ty vp bf<br /> tap va lam vipc d thj xa Sdn La dapc Chi bp mat do Cira Vinh Chi chi huy. Chfnh tQ td<br /> Vai net ve Chi bo Cong s£n... 55<br /> <br /> chQc nay da tao cd sd, nen tang cho sQ ra Tai Nha nguc Sdn La, vdi sy nhay cam<br /> ddi mpt hinh thQc d i u tranh mdi - d i u cua cac chien si cpng san va qua tin tQc tQ<br /> tranh vu trang cua q u i n chung. Dpi ty vp cac cd sd ben ngoai Chi bd da n i m b i t dapc<br /> bf mat ra ddi da kjp thdi t r i n ap bpn tay nhQng dien bien ciia tinh hinh va di den<br /> sai, mat tham chuyen di dd la tin tQc cho nhan djnh: Ne'u Nhat dao chfnh Phap thi<br /> djch, dpi da khd'ng che dapc ca ten phia Phap se cd hai thai dp ddi vdi tu nhan. Mgt<br /> dQng d i u vung. TQ Madng Chanh phong la giQ thai do dn hda ben ngoai nhang ben<br /> trao da nhanh chdng anh hadng tdi cac dja trong tiep tyc quan ly chat che tu nhan, nit<br /> phadng trong tinh nha: Ban Lim, Xanh bdt k h i u p h i n va khdng cho tu nhan ra<br /> Pai (thupc xa Tranh D i u - Thuan Chau), ngoai nha trade. Hai la chung se thing tay<br /> Madng Lim (sdng Ma) (10). dan ap, tan sat trade khi Nhat den. TQ<br /> nhQng nhan djnh dd, Chi bg chu tradng<br /> Cd the ndi, sy ra ddi cua cac td chQc each<br /> phai he't sQc tinh tao, than trpng, tranh<br /> mang trong ddng bao Thai d Thj Xa, Madng<br /> khieu khfch hoac bj khieu khfch tiep tuc<br /> La, Madng Chanh cudi nam 1943 d i u nam<br /> chuan bj cho mgi dieu kien ve tinh than,<br /> 1944 danh d i u bade tradng thanh vadt bac<br /> vat chat chu dao, xay dyng lyc lapng manh<br /> ciia phong trao each mang Sdn La. Dac biet cho du tinh hinh binh thadng hay cd tinh<br /> sy ra ddi cua Dpi du kfch Madng Chanh da hudng xau. Chi cd xay dyng lyc lapng va<br /> chQng td bade phat trien nhay vpt ve chit dapc td chQc tdt mdi d i p Qng dapc ddi hdi<br /> ciia phong trao each mang Sdn La dadi sy khi thdi cd den.<br /> lanh dao ciia Chi bd Nha ngyc Sdn La -<br /> mpt hinh thQc d i u tranh mdi, d i u tranh vu TQ chii tradng tren, mpi boat dpng<br /> trang da x u i t hipn, tao au the cho phong chuin bj trong nha tu dapc tie'n hanh mpt<br /> each khan tradng nhang cung het sQc bf<br /> trao ciia quin chung ngay cang phat trien<br /> mat. Ban kinh te chuin bj ladng thyc, thyc<br /> manh me ve sau nay.<br /> pham, quy dy trQ, ban cQu te chuin bj<br /> TQ dau nam 1945, Chien tranh the gidi thud'c men, tang cadng chQa benh, bdi<br /> thQ Hai bade vao giai doan cudi vdi au the dadng sQc khde cho tu nhan yeu; ban quan<br /> thupc ve quan dddng minh. Phe phat xft bj sy tang cadng luypn tap quan sy, ty tao va<br /> diy lui khdi nhieu chien tradng khien ke cit giiu vu khf; ban binh van tang cadng<br /> djch lo sp Nhat - Phap v i n tam thdi hda tiep xuc, gay cd sd trong binh Ifnh, nim<br /> hoan vdi nhau; nhang "sy hda hoan cd khac tinh hinh, ban ke hoach phdi hpp hoat<br /> chi mpt cai nhpt bpc chQa chit ben trong dpng; cac cd sd Viet Minh d tinh ly, Madng<br /> biet bao nhieu vi trQng va mau mu, chi chd La, Madng Chanh, va cac vung xung quanh<br /> djp chin la vd tung ra". tie'p tuc dapc cung cd va tang cadng chi dao.<br /> 0 Viet Nam tinh the each mang trye Ngay 09-3-1945, Nhat dao chfnh lat dd<br /> tiep da chin mudi. Khiing hoang chfnh trj d Phap, trade tinh hinh dd, Chi uy Nha ngyc<br /> dja phadng ngay cang t r i m trpng. Phong Sdn La da hpp md rpng vdi ban lanh dao<br /> trao chien tranh du kfch d cac chien khu nha ngyc de ra ke hoach lanh dao ta tadng<br /> vdi phong trao q u i n chung ndng thon va va td chQc chuin bj thoat ngyc khi cd dieu<br /> thanh thj ket hpp chat che, tao nen mpt kipn thuan ldi.<br /> khdng khf syc sdi each mang, chd ngay<br /> Qua tie'p xuc, Chi bd n i m dapc am mau<br /> hanh dgng.<br /> cua Phap mud'n bien tu chfnh trj d Sdn La<br /> 55 Rghien ciiii Lich siir. so 2.2010<br /> <br /> thanh lyc iQdng chie'n dau chdng Nhat lau trong ca nadc, tai Nha nguc Sdn La chieu<br /> dai. Bing phadng phap d i u tranh mem ngay 17-3-1945, giam nguc Ld Bdng bupc<br /> deo, hpp ly, hpp tinh, phan tfch ky xu the phai thdng bao ljch di chuyen tu nhan<br /> phat trien cua tinh hinh va qua thai dp cua chuyen toan bp tu Sdn La ve trai giam d<br /> bpn cai ngyc, binh Ifnh, Chi bd da di de'n Nghia Lp. Tren dQdng di, dQpc tin toan bp<br /> chu tradng: tu nhan d Nghia Lg da pha cdng ty giai<br /> thoat, giam ngyc Ld Bdng va ten Tay Doan<br /> 1. Hpp tac vdi Phap de chd'ng Nhat,<br /> sd hai bd chay, ban lanh dao tu da quye't<br /> nhang thyc c h i t tranh thu cd hpi dapc ty<br /> djnh chdp thdi cd vQa tie'p tyc dgi ngu, vQa<br /> do, tim mpi each nhanh chdng trd ve vdi<br /> gap gd tuyen truyen, thuye't phyc binh<br /> Dang de tham gia phong trao each mang.<br /> Ifnh, yeu ciu ai di theo each mang thi cim<br /> 2. Yeu c i u thyc dan Phap tha toan bd tQ sung di cung, cdn ai khdng theo each mang<br /> chfnh tri. thi trao lai sung va dapc ty do. De'n Tu Lp,<br /> Thyc hipn chu tradng tren, ban lanh dao ban lanh dao tuyen bd': "De'n day t i t ca tu<br /> nha ngyc cii 18 ddng chf lam nhiem vy hpp nhan da dapc thoat khdi nguc tu, thanh lap<br /> tac vdi Phap. Thyc dan Phap da lpi dung cac cac nhdm tim mpi each bat lien lac vdi XQ<br /> ddng chf lam nhiem vy quan bao di trade uy va td chQc dang d dja phadng de boat<br /> dieu tra tinh hinh Nhat. Cac ddng chf da dpng".<br /> thd'ng nha't ke hoach va kheo leo thoat khdi<br /> Nha vEly, nhd cam quan each mang, gin<br /> sy kiem soat cua chung trd ve vdi phong trao<br /> 200 can bg da thoat ngyc trd ve vdi Dang,<br /> each mang dang sdi syc trong ca nadc (11).<br /> vdi nhan dan, tham gia lanh dao phong<br /> Dadi ap lyc d i u tranh cua tu chfnh trj d trao, tie'n tdi Tong khdi thang Tam nam<br /> Sdn La, trade khf the each mang dang cao 1945.<br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THICH<br /> (1), (2), (3). (4), (5), (7), (11). Nhd td San La (8), Cae hoi k^, hoi Qc, hoi tQdng ciia cac can bp<br /> (1908-1945). Ban Nghien cQu Lich sQ Dang Sdn lao thanh each mang Sdn La, tai li^u iQu tai Bao<br /> La, 1982, tr, 33, 41, 44, 49, 61, 53, 66, tang Sdn La.<br /> <br /> (6), Lich sd ddng bg tinh San La (Tap 1), Nxb. (9), (10). Tai li?u diln da tai Khu can cQ dia<br /> Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Noi, 2002, tr. 33. each mang MQdng Chanh 12-2007.<br />