Vài nét về thực trạng việc làm theo thời vụ của thanh niên nông thôn tại các thành phố - ThS. Mai Văn Hải

VAI NET VE THL/C TRANG VIEC L A M<br /> THEO THCfl VU CUA THANH NIEN<br /> NONG T H O N TAI C A C THANH PHO<br /> <br /> ThS. Mai van Hi\<br /> Vien Tdm ly hpe.<br /> <br /> T6M TAT<br /> Thanh niin ndng thdn ra cic thinh phd Idn tim kii'm viic ldm, dil hp khdng cd<br /> trinh di tay nghi cao, dang Id mil xu hudng khd phd bii'n hiin nay. Kit qud nghien<br /> cifu lid eho thdy, ly do chinh thuc ddy thanh niin ndng thdn ra thinh phd tim kiem<br /> viic lim la de ndng eao thu nhip cho bdn thdn x'i gia dinh. Tuy nhien, khi ra thinh<br /> phd lim kii'm cdng viic, thanh niin ning thdn phdi duang dau vdi khdng it khi khan<br /> tit diiu kiin dn d, den cdng viic vdt vd, nguy hiem va hp luin biy td mong mud'n dupc<br /> lim viic, phdt trien kinh li'tren chinh qui huong minh.<br /> Ttt khda: Thanh niin ning thin; di cU; viec Idm; ra thinh phd lim viic.<br /> Ngiy nhan bii: 14/3/2012; Ngay duyit dang bii: 20/8/2012.<br /> <br /> 1. Bat van de<br /> Trong cudn "Nidn gidm thdng ke 2010" do Tdng cue Thdng ke phat<br /> hanh nam 2010, ca nudc cd 9,7 tridu ngudi di cu ndi linh va lidn tinh. Thanh<br /> nien ndng thdn ra thinh phd tim kie'm nhung viec lam thdi vu, tam thdi bdn<br /> canh nhttng mat tfch cue (lao them thu nhdp, viec ldm cho ngudi lao ddng, dieu<br /> ciiinh lai mttc dd chenh lecli vl thu nhap gitta ndng thdn va thanh phd, cung cdp<br /> ngudn nhdn Ittc cho thi Irudng dich vu da dang lai cac dd thi...) cung gdy ra<br /> nhttng mat tidu cue, tac ddng khdng nhd tdi cudc sdng d dd thi nhu an ninh trdi<br /> III, sttc ep ddn sd, chdt Ittpng cudc sd'ng ndi chung. Vi vdy, viec tim hiiu thuc<br /> trang viec ldm theo thdi vu cua thanh nien ndng thdn la rdt cdn thill nhim cd<br /> nhttng chinh sdch hd tro, tao diiu kien eho thanh niin ndng thdn cd thi lap<br /> than, Idp nghiep mdt cicii td't nhdt.<br /> Khach Ihl nghiin cttu dupc lua chpn la 650 thanh niin ndng thdn, dp<br /> nidi ttt 16 de'n 30. Dia bin nghien cttu thudc 4 linh Thai Binh, Hda Binh, Khanh<br /> Hda vd Tien Giang. Ddy la cdc linh dai dien cho cac vung miin Bic - Trung -<br /> Nam; ddng bing - trung du miin nui - ven biin.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAPCHiTAM LYHOC, Sd9 (162), 9 - 2012 83<br />  Dl tlm hiiu thtic trang vi^c ldm theo thdi vu cua thanh nidn ndng thdn<br /> tai cdc thinh phd, chttng tdi stt dung cdc phuong phdp nghiin citu: diiu tra<br /> bdng bdng hdi vdi thanh tiien ndng thdn; phdng vdn siu vdi cdn bd chfnh<br /> quyin, doin thi tai dja bin nghien cttu; thu thip, tim hiiu cdc tii liiu vl tinh<br /> hinh di ddn ra thinh phd tlm kiim vile lim dl c6 thdng tin phuc vu cho kit qua<br /> nghien cttn.<br /> 2. Kit qui nghiin curu<br /> 2.1. Bdng corra Ihdnh phd ldm viic cua thanh niin ndng Ihdn<br /> Oi tim hiiu I-} do di cu ra thdnh phd cua thanh nidn ndng thdn, chttng tdi<br /> da dua ra cdu hdi: 'Theo bqn, ly do vi sao hiin nay cd nhiiu ihanh niin ndng<br /> thdn ra cdc Ihdnh phd'Idn tlm kii'm viic Idm dd hp khdng cd trinh dd, tay nghi<br /> cao?". Bing sd liiu tdng hpp ttt cdu hdi niy nhu sau:<br /> <br /> Bdng I: Ly do Ihanh niin ndng ihdn ra thdnh phd'tim kii'm viic Idm (%)<br /> <br /> GIdl tinh Dia b i n<br /> TT CicIf do Thil Hoa Tien Khinh Chung<br /> Nam NO Giang H6a<br /> BInh Binh<br /> <br /> 1 d qu£ kh6ng tlm dut^c<br /> 62,6 60.8 48,8 65.7 80,0 54.2 61.9<br /> vific Ikn<br /> <br /> 2 Cfing vific 6 ihftnh phfi<br /> 62,3 73,8 72,0 64.0 65,8 62,9 65,5<br /> duoc tri cfing cao hon<br /> <br /> 3 Mufin diroc mb mang<br /> 577 55.4 42.5 54.9 51.5<br /> 49.2 53.3<br /> 1 ^ nhin<br /> <br /> 4 0 que bu6n chin vl mpi<br /> 22.3 27,1 21.3 20,6 25,8 40.2 25.7<br /> ngirdi di 1 ^ an xa<br /> 5 Mufin dude khing d)nh<br /> 22,7<br /> 20.6 29.2 32.9 22.3 17.5 23,0<br /> ban IhAn<br /> <br /> 6 Ra Ihinh phfi lim vi«c<br /> 45.5 53.8 28,0 70,3 29,2 46,3 48,0<br /> luc nfing nhin<br /> 7 Di Iheo ban bt cho vui 19.3 17,7 24.4 15.4 22,5 14,7 18.8<br /> 8 0 Ihinh phfi nhiju dich<br /> 27,7 20.6 16.0 18.9 33.3 20,7 22,6<br /> vu. giai tri<br /> 9 Khfing thi dfi cao ding,<br /> dai hpc ra Ihinh phfi cho 29.6 39.2 29.3 30.9 34,2 35.4 32,3<br /> da i p lire<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Sd lieu ttt bang trdn phan dnh ly do thttc ddy manh me nhit khie'n thanh<br /> nien ndng thdn ra thanh phd lim kiim viec lam la cdng vile d thanh phd dttpc<br /> <br /> <br /> 84 TAP CHiTAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9-2012<br /> tra cdng cao hem, vdi 65,5% sd lupng khdch thi dupc hdi lua chpn. Thuc ll<br /> cudc sd'ng cua thanh niin ndi riing vi ngttdi ndng din 6 cdc vttng ndng thdn<br /> ndi chung cho thdy, nl'u chi trdng cdy vdo ngudn thu nhdp ttt ddng radng thi rdt<br /> khd dl ngttdi ddn cd thi dam bio cudc sd'ng ctta minh. Mdt ngudi ndng ddn<br /> trung binh cd khodng mdt sio rudng. Vdi mdt sio rudng dd, hp cd thi canh tie<br /> hai vu Itta trong ndm vi mdi vu niu thdi till dim bdo (khdng bi bao lut, ban<br /> hdn, siu binh...) thi ngudi ndng ddn cd thd thu vl khodng 300 - 4Cio kg thdc. "Ttt<br /> ldng thu niy, ngudi ndng ddn cd thi bin thdc vi thu vl khoang 2 trilu ddng<br /> cho mdi vii sin xuit. Dd Ii cdn ehua tfnh tdi nhihig chi phf khdc cho qua trinh<br /> san xudt nhu phdn bdn, gid'ng, thudc trtt sdu, thue nhdn cdng Ittc vio vu thu<br /> hoach, ihul ciy btta... Tic gii Nguyln Quang Thilu cho ring, trung binh thu<br /> nhdp eua ngttdi ndng ddn khoang 40.000 ddng/lhang. Cd thi ndi, ddy Id mdt<br /> thuc ll vi chinh vi thi, 1^ do thu nhip ttt cdng vide lam thue d thinh phd dupe<br /> tta cdng cao hon lam ndng nghiep khie'n Ihanh nien ndng thdn ra di cu ra thinh<br /> phd lam vide la hoin todn hctp IJ.<br /> Ly do cd ty Id lua chpn cao thtt hai li vi d que khdng lim dupc vide ldm<br /> vdi 61,9% sd ngudi dupc hdi. Bin canh ly do thu nhap qua tha'p nhu d tren, thi<br /> ly do khdng lim dupc vile lam cua thanh niin ndng thdn khie'n hp phai ra thanh<br /> phd lim kii'm vile lam cho thd'y, bttc tranh ed phdn kem Ittoi sang vl cudc sd'ng<br /> va cdng vide cua thanh nidn tai dia bdn sinh sd'ng. Cung chinh vi ly do nay mi<br /> CO tdi 48% sd khdch thi lua chpn phuong dn tranh thu Ittc ndng nhin ra thdnh<br /> phd lam vide, din mua vu lai quay vl nhd.<br /> Trao ddi vdi chttng tdi vl vin dl thanh nien ndng thdn ra thanh phd lam<br /> viec, mdt can bd doin lai Qujuh Phu, Thai Binh cho rdng: Xu hudng di eu ra<br /> Ihinh phd tuy cd nhiing tde dpng tiiu cue nhung vdn tqo dieu kiin de thanh<br /> niin ndng thdn cd them thu nhdp. Hp se Idm viic mdt sd ndm dcac thdnh phd<br /> khi cd vd'n rdi thi Iqi tiip luc Idm dn d nhd, cd tiin sda nhd cita, chdm sdc con<br /> cat, bdme gid... Dp tuoi chd yiu di cU ra thdnh phd ndm trong khodng 20 -45.<br /> 6 cdc Idng qui bdy gid chd yiu la ngudi gid vd tre con (Phd bi thu huyen doan<br /> Quynh Phu, Thdi Binh). Nhung thdng lin ndi tren eung cdp cai nhin ddy du hon<br /> ve thttc trang di ddn ra thinh phd cua thanh nidn ndng thdn.<br /> Trong sd cac ly do thanh nidn ndng thdn ra thinh phd lim vide, ly do<br /> "mud'n dupc md mang ldm nhin" cd ty le lua chpn khd cao (51,5%). Rd ring,<br /> day Id ly do cd ndi dung khac bin nhttng ndi dung tren. Cd Ihl dieu dd xudt<br /> phdt ttt ddc thu tam ly cua thanh nidn, thfch hudng tdi nhttng diiu mdi me, nang<br /> ddng... khie'n hp mud'n ra thanh phd tim viec lim.<br /> So sanh cic ly do khiin thanh nien ndng thdn ra thinh phd lam viec cd<br /> the thiy sir khdc biet rd net d nhdm dia ban nghidn cun d mdt sd ndi dung. VI<br /> du, ly do "d qui khdng tim duac viec Idm" cd tdi 80% khach Ihl trin dia ban<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHiTAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012 85<br /> Tiin Giang lua chpn trong khi Thdi Binh 48,8%; "cdng viic d thdnh phd^duac<br /> trd cdng cao han": Thdi Binh: 72,0, Khdnh Hda: 62,9; "ra thdnh phd'Idm viic<br /> liic ndng nhdn": Hda Binh: 70,3, Thdi Binh: 28,0.<br /> Dl cd Ihl IS giii su khdc bill rd nit vl t} II lua chpn ndi trin phii xuit<br /> phdt ttt chfnh die diim phit triin kinh t l - xa hdi ctta dia phucmg. Dia bin<br /> huyen Cai Ldy (Tiin Giang) noi tiin hinh khdo sdt cd ft cdc khu cdng nghiip<br /> vi khdng cd nghl trayin thdng (nhu Idi cia m^t cdn bd x i doin Long Khinh,<br /> huyin Cai Liy), trong khi dd, huyin Qujnh Phti (Thdi Binh) li dja bin cd<br /> nhiiu nginh nghl truyin thdng. Mdt cdn bd doin d huyin Quynh Phti true tiip<br /> lim vile vdi chung tdi da cho bill: I*(ghl truyin thdng tucmg ddi nhiiu: lim<br /> chiiu cdi d xa An Tring, An VD, lim bttn bdnh da d Ddng Hii, An My, lim gd<br /> 6 xa An Ddng... Mdt sd cdng ty (Sao Vdng, Hoing Anh...) hing ndm thu httt<br /> khodng 2000 lao ddng trin dia bin. Su khdc biit vl ngdnh nghl truyin thdng<br /> cung nhu cdc doanh nghiip thu httt lao ddng trin hai dia bin ndi trin din din<br /> ty II lua chpn IJ do khdng tim dupc vile lim d qui cung khdc nhau rdt rd nit.<br /> Dd'i vdi ly do ra thinh phd lim vile Ittc ndng nhin, thanh niin dutJc hdi<br /> tai Hda Binh cd ty le lua chpn cao nhil (70,3%) vd thanh nien dupc hdi tai Thii<br /> Binh cd ly le lua chpn thdp nhdt (28%) cung xuit phdt ttt ddc diim: Huyin Cao<br /> Phong (Hda Binh) noi dja bin tiin hinh nghiin cttn canh tic rdt nhiiu mia<br /> dudng vd cam, vi Ihl cdn nhiiu nhdn lire Ittc thu hoach...<br /> Cd Ihl ndi, su khdc bill ndi trin cho thiy, trong chinh sich ddi vdi thanh<br /> niin ndng thdn cdn phai tfnh din ddc thtt cua timg vung miin nhdm phit huy<br /> td't nhit Ipi Ihl' kinh t l xa hpi cua dia phuong vi tao su thudn Ipi cho thanh niin<br /> trong Idp thdn, Idp nghiep.<br /> 2.2. Thuc trang cong viic vd nhung khd khdn thanh niin ndng thdn<br /> gap phdi khi ra thdnh phd ldm viic<br /> Dl tim hiiu thuc trang cdng viec cua thanh nidn ndng thdn tai cdc thdnh<br /> phd, chung tdi dua ra cdu hoi: "Khi ra thdnh phd ldm viec. cdng viec md thanh<br /> nien ndng ihdn ihudng ldm Id gi?". Kit qua ttt cdu tra Idi cua cdc khdch thi nhu sau:<br /> <br /> Bdng 2: Cdng viec thanh nien ndng ihdn Ihudng ldm tqi cdc thdnh phd<br /> <br /> STT Cdng viec S6 luong Ty le (%)<br /> 1 XeOm 23 5.1<br /> 2 Phuhd 220 48,6<br /> 3 Ban hang rong 33 7,3<br /> 4 Bdc vdc, chuyin dd dac, hang hda 196 43,3<br /> 5 Thu mua dong nai 19 4,2<br /> <br /> <br /> 86 TAP CHl TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012<br />  6 Ai thue Ei thi Idm 190 41,9<br /> 7 Bdn nudc, trd da 41 9,1<br /> 8 Biove 148 32,7<br /> 9 Bin hdng, phuc vu lai cdc cia hdng, nhd hdng 241 53,2<br /> 10 Bdnvlsd 148 32,7<br /> 11 Cdc cdng viec khic 88 19,8<br /> <br /> Kit qui ttt vile tim hiiu cdng vile thanh niin ndng thdn thudng lim lai<br /> cic thinh phd cho thd'y, cdc cdng vide tliudng dttpc lim nhiiu nhit li bin hdng,<br /> phuc vu tai cdc ctta hing; phu hd lai cic cdng irudng xdy dung; bdc vac,<br /> chuyin dd dac, hing hda vi ai ihul gi thi ldm. Nhttng cdng vide ndi tren diu Id<br /> cdc cdng vile don giin, stt dung sttc lao ddng true lil'p va hiu nhu khdng phdi<br /> ddo tao, khdng cdn ngudn vdn ban ddu. Thuc t l dd ndu len stt edn thill phai dao<br /> tao nghl cung nhtt trang bi cho ngudi Ihanli nien ndng thdn nhttng kiln thttc, ky<br /> ndng cdn thill dl ttng phd, han chi din mttc thdp nhil nhung rui ro, lai nan cd<br /> Ihl xay ra trong qud trinh Idm vide.<br /> <br /> Bdng 3: Nhiing khd khdn, rui ro thanh niin ndng thdn gap phdi<br /> trong qud trinh Idm viec<br /> <br /> STT Cac noi dung Xep<br /> DTB<br /> hang<br /> 1 COng viec nang nhoc, vdt va 2,57 1<br /> 2 Nha ctta, diiu kien an d chat hep, loi tan, mat ve sinh 2,43 3<br /> 3 De bi lai nan; bit nat; cudp hang, lien 2,34 6<br /> 4 Tliu nhap bi'p benh, khOng dam bao 2,48 2<br /> 5 Cac mdi quan hi xa hdi bi thu hep 2,09 13<br /> 6 Diiu kien cham soc sttc khoe khdng co 2,24 10<br /> 7 Khdng CO co h6i vuon len vl hoc vdn, su nghiep 2,25 9<br /> 8 Nhieu lo Idng, bd'l an, thach thttc 2,30 8<br /> 9 Bi COI Ihudng, hit hui 1,98 14<br /> 10 Thilu thdn linh cam gia dinh, lang xdm 2,31 7<br /> 11 Thie'u ky nang ttng pho vdi khd khan, rui ro 2,12 12<br /> 12 De sa vao te nan xa h6i (mai dam, ma luy...) 2,39 4<br /> 13 Cd CO hdi kie'm lien nhieu 2,14 11<br /> 14 Thie'u lao ddng d que do thanh nien chu ye'u di lam an xa 2,38 5<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012 87<br />  Diy li ciu hdi cd cic mttc dO lua chpn ndn sd lieu dupc xti IJ theo cdc<br /> mttc do lua chpn; rdt dttng - 3 diim, diing mdt phdn - 2 diim vi khdng dttng 1<br /> diim. Trin co s i dd, sd liiu dUOc chia thdnh cic mttc ddnh gid: khdng dttng - ttt<br /> 1,0 - 1,66 diim; ddng mOt phdn: 1,67 - 2,33 vi rit dung: 2,34 - 3,0. Bang sd<br /> liiu trin chi ra cdc phuong in diu cd DTB khi cao trong dd cd 6 phuong in<br /> nim trong khoing ddnh gii "rit dttng" (ttt 2,34 - 3,00) vi 8 phuong in ndm<br /> U-ong khoing dinh gid "dttng mdt phin" (ttt 1,67 - 2,33), khdng cd dilni sd<br /> ddnh gii nio nim trong khoing "khdng dttng". Kit qui dd ndi lin cudc sdng vi<br /> cdng vile ctta thanh niin ndng thdn khi ra thdnh phd gdp nhiiu khd khin, bJp<br /> binh.<br /> Trong sd cic phucing dn dua ra, cdng vile ndng nhpc li phuang dn duoc<br /> cic khich thi lua chpn nhiiu nhit (DTB = 2,57, xip vj trf sd 1). Vdi cic cdng<br /> viec nhu da dl cip d iren thi stt vit vi, ndng nhpc li diiu khdng trdnh khdi.<br /> Cfing vl ddc thtt lao ddng nhu vdy nin thu nhdp cua hp cung mang tfnh bip<br /> binh, khdng dim bio (DTB = 2,48, xip vi tri sd 2). Chuong trinh phit triin<br /> Liin Hilp Qudc (UNDP) phdi hpp vdi hai cue Thdng kl Hi Ndi vi thinh phd<br /> Hd Chf Minh nghiin cttu vl nghio dd thj ndm 2010 chi ra, cd din hon 3/4 sd<br /> lao ddng di ctt lim cdng vile lao ddng thi cdng, thp lip rip vin hinh miy vi<br /> lao ddng gian dtm; 1/4 cdn lai chu yi'u lim nhin vidn djch vu vi bin hing. Mttc<br /> thu nhdp cua ngudi nghio di cu len thdnh phd chi khoang 750.000 ddng/ngttdi/<br /> thdng d Ha Ndi vi 841.000 ddng/ngttdi/thing d thdnh phd Hd Chf Minh.<br /> <br /> Xip vj trf sd 3 Id phttOng an dc cdp din diiu kidn nha cua, an d cua<br /> ngudi lao ddng khi di cu ra thinh phd (DTB = 2.43). Thanh men ndng thdn va<br /> ngudi lao ddng ttt cdc linh khdc dd vl thdnh phd thudng phai sd'ng trong cdc<br /> khu phdng trp vdi cdc diiu kicn an d rit nhd hep, tdi tin. Cd thi ndi, vdi ngudi<br /> lao ddng, viec thue mdt phdng nho dl sd'ng dd'i vdi hp chi Ii dl nhim thda man<br /> nhttng ydu cdu tdi thilu cua cudc sd'ng. Diiu hp mong mudn nhit Id ddnh dum<br /> dupc mdt sd liin nhd't dinh dl trang trai cho cudc sd'ng cua ban thdn vi gia<br /> dinh... Diiu nay da duoc khing djnh rd nil trong cac ly do thttc ddy thanh niin<br /> ndng thdn ra thdnh phd tim kie'm vile lim du d thinh phd cd thi hp phai duong<br /> diu vdi khdng ft nhttng khd khdn, rui ro.<br /> <br /> 2.3. Mong mudn nguyen vpng vi cdng viec ciia thanh nien nong thdn<br /> <br /> Ttt thuc trang cudc sd'ng, cdng viec ciia thanh nien ndng thdn nhu trdn,<br /> chung tdi lil'p tuc lim hiiu vl nguydn vpng cua thanh niin ndng thdn vdi cdu<br /> hdi "Bqn cd mong mud'n, nguyen vpng gi ve hpc nghi vd viec Idm cua minh?"<br /> Sd liiu thu dupc the hiin qua biiu dd dudi ddy:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHiTAM LY HOC, Sd9 (162), 9 - 2012<br />  ^<br /> 1*0 nan*<br /> <br /> qu4 hifOftg<br /> L<br /> Owjc lUo Cd « t OBI. Xiy aung C6 co h* DAU ti/, iiSy Cd ehii<br /> win sin nhi miy .1 ra Ihtntt<br /> xuSi Irftn nohlip tgl<br /> NT<br /> phi lim<br /> vl«c<br /> dirnoNT aflcfi Dio khich pfi 41<br /> hISn dal<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Bieu dd 1: Nguyen vpng hpc nghi, viic Idm cda thanh niin<br /> Iil4m an ihdn ca<br /> smh xB h* gli^l hda<br /> cho ngiTiIrl nOng nghl4p<br /> ndng din<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Ttt biiu dd trdn cd Ihl nhdn xet: mong mud'n Idn nhdt eiia thanh nien<br /> ndng thdn Ii "dupc dio lao ren luyen vl ky nang nghl nghiep" va "cd vd'n, ddt<br /> dai de san xudt, lam giiu tren chi'nh que hucrng minh". Hai phuong an dl cdp<br /> de'n ndi dung niy cd ty le khdch Ihl lua chpn luong ung Id 72,4% va 71,0%.<br /> Lao ddng ndng nghidp ndng thdn ttt bao ddi nay ludn gin liln vdi ddt<br /> dai. Tuy nhiin, d cdc vttng ndng thdn hiin nay, diln li'ch dit canh tde ngiy<br /> cang thu hep da trd thinh lire can cho qud trinh sinh sd'ng eua hp. Nhimg vu<br /> khie'u kien, tranh chip liln quan din dit dai trong thdi gian gin ddy minh<br /> chung dieu dd. Vi vdy, ddy Ii nguyen vpng hodn todn chi'nh ddng vi xuit phit<br /> ttt chfnh thttc te cudc sd'ng va cdng vide eua thanh nien ndng thdn.<br /> Trong khi rudng dil ndng nghidp ngdy cing thu hep, nhudng chd cho<br /> cac khu cdng nghiep va cac khu dd thj, thi yeu ciu ve ky nang nghe nghiep de<br /> cd Ihl lam vide duoc tai cdc khu cdng nghiep ngdy cing Idn. Tuy nhien, dd'i vdi<br /> thanh nidn ndng thdn dudng nhu thil'u di diiu dd. Ho chtta dupe dio tao nghe<br /> nghiip mdt each CO ban cho nin khd cd ihl dap ttng td't cdc yeu ciu cua cdng<br /> viec. Hp chi cd Ihl lam nhung cdng vile thu cdng don gian, khdng qua dao<br /> too... Vi the, mong mud'n dupc hoc tdp, hpc nghl cua hp la thuc su manh me<br /> (72,4%). Tuy nhidn, trong qud trinh khao sat lai dja bin nghien cun chung tdi<br /> nhdn tha'y, viec dio tao nghl cho Ihanh niin ndng thdn cdn nhieu bdt cap. Xin<br /> liy mdt vai y kiln trong qud trinh phdng vd'n sdu lam minh chttng:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2 0 1 2<br />  - Huyin cd hai trung tdm dqy nghi duac ddu tU nhung cdn nhiiu ludn<br /> trd, thanh niin kiu thiiu vi(c ldm, mdi di hpc nghi nhimg lai khdng di Hgc.<br /> Trudng Trung cdp nghi cua tinh ddng trin dia bdn huyin cdng ngdy cdng thiiu<br /> hpc sinh, vi tdn xd luyin mdi duac han 100 thanh niin hoc. Nguyin nhdn cua<br /> tinh trqng trin mdt phdn td do thanh niin cd tdm ly khdng thich hoc trung clffp,<br /> nhimg quan trong han Id ddo tqo nghi theo kihoqch hem Id nhu cdu: thdi gian<br /> ddo tqo ngdn, biit viic nhanh Id nhu cdu cda thanh niin, nhung Iqi gido trinh<br /> nhiiu trong khi thanh niin chu yiu hpc Idp 9 hodc bS tde vdn hda, cdn phdi<br /> dqy ngay vdo vile (Phd bf thtt huyin dodn (Ju^nh Phu, Thdi Binh).<br /> - Thanh niin cd tdm tu nguyin vpng mud'n hpc nghe di tdm phu giup gia<br /> dinh, khdng mud'n phdi di Idm dn xa. Nhiing sd' lupng khdng nhiiu vi hpc ra<br /> khdng biit ldm gi. Hiin nay cdng chua cd chuong trinh liin kit giOa xa dodn vd<br /> doanh nghiip dihS tra thanh nien. vi chuang trinh vay vd'n cung khdng cd vi<br /> hp cdn ehua ldm chd kinh li gia dinh (Phd bf thu dang uy xa Long Khinh, Cai<br /> Ldy, Ticn Giang).<br /> Ngodi hai ndi dung cd ly 11 lua chpn cao hon hdn so vdi cdc ndi dung<br /> cdn lai kl trin, cac ndi dung liln quan din phucmg hudng phit triin ndng<br /> nghiip ndng thdn nhu "Diu tu xiy dung ndng nghiip ndng thdn theo httdng<br /> hien dai", "Tao thj trudng lao ddng, nhd mdy san xuit ngay tai ndng thdn", "Cd<br /> chi'nh sich bao hiim xa hdi, an sinh xa hdi cho ngudi ndng tiin"... cd ly leTua<br /> chpn tren 50%. Cdc chi'nh sdch niy diu gdn liln vdi cudc sd'ng cua ngttdi ndng<br /> ddn ndi chung vd thanh niin ndng thdn vdi lu cich Id ngudn lao ddng chu yiu d<br /> ndng thdn ndi ridng. Khi thuc hiin dupc nhttng miic tiiu ndi trdn, ngudi ndng<br /> ddn hoin loan cd thi lam vice, phdl triin cudc sdng cua minh m i khdng cdn<br /> phdi buon chai kii'm sdng 6 cdc thinh phd Idn vdi diiu kidn sd'ng khdng dam<br /> bao. Ndi cdch khdc, thanh nidn ndng thdn cd ihl thuc hien dupc udc mo "ly<br /> ndng bdt ly huong" cua hp. Ddy ddng thdi Id co sd ii giam dp luc ddn sd', xa<br /> hdi... len cde thinh phd ItSn. Thiic t l hien nay de' cd thi thu hut ducJc ngudn lao<br /> ddng li thanh niin ndng thdn da cd mdt sd nhd mdy xf nghiip nhu may mdc,<br /> chi bidn ndng Idm sin chuyin co sd sin xudt vl cdc vung ndng thdn vi da thu<br /> httt dttpc mdt Ittong Idn lao ddng Id thanh nidn tai chd Idm vide bdi khi Idm vide<br /> lai cdc nha may, xi nghiep na\. thanh nien ndng thdn khdng phai sd'ng xa gia<br /> dinh, thue nhi ctta m i thu nhdp vdn dam bao. Cd thi ndi, diy Id mdt hudng di<br /> rd't cin dupc quan tdm nghiin cttn vd md itmg, hon ntta.<br /> Mong mud'n dupc ra thanh phd Idm vide li ndi dung cd ty 11 lua chpn<br /> tha'p nhi't: 12,9%. Vdi thuc trang cudc sd'ng va cdng vide nhu chung ta da thdy<br /> d trdn thi cd rd't ft ngudi mong mud'n Idn thdnh phd lam vide Ii diiu dl hilu. Sd<br /> lieu dd mdt lin ntta cho thiy, neu nhu cudc sd'ng vi cdng viec cua Ihanh nidn<br /> ndng thdn dupc dam bao, hp hodn loin cd Ihl ydn lim gin bd Idp thdn Idp<br /> nghiep trdn qud huong minh.<br /> <br /> <br /> 90 TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd 9 (162), 9 - 2012<br /> J ; 3.Kltliifln<br /> Ttt vile phdn tfch vdi nil thuc trang vile ldm theo thdi vu ciia Ihanh niin<br /> ndng thdn tai cdc thinh phd, cd thi thiy dupc nhttng 1^ do quan trpng nhdt thttc<br /> ddy hp ra cdc thinh phd Idn tim kiim vile lim Id vl dl ndng cao thu nhdp, d<br /> qui khd khin trong tim kiim viec ldm. Khi ra thinh phfi lim viec, thanh nien<br /> ndng thdn thd hiin rdt rd mong mud'n dupc dio lao nghl nghiip cung nhu cd<br /> vdn, ddt dai dl phdt ti-iln sdn xuit, ldm giiu trin chfnh mdnh dit noi minh dupc<br /> sinh ra. Cd thi ndi, mong mud'n dupc gdn bd, lim vile ngay trin qui huong Id<br /> mdt trong nhting ndi dung quan trpng. Id ddng luc thttc ddy thanh nidn ndng<br /> thdn vtton Idn xdy dttng ndng thdn mdi hiin nay. Ddy chfnh Id diim sing, nil<br /> tfch ciic Irong bttc tranh cd phdn dm dam vl thuc trang eu