200 Vai tro ciia cation CR*^ va NI*^ d6i vdi phan dng oxy hda khd oxit sat..<br />
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VAI T R O CUA C A T I O N CR^^ VA Nl^^ D O I VOI PHAN iTNG O X Y H O A<br />
KHlT O X I T SAT V 6 l T A C NHAN M E T A N VA N l T ^ C<br />
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Van Dinh Som Thg<br />
Dai hoc Bach khoa Hd Ndi<br />
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TOM TAT<br />
Phuang phdp gidi phdng nhien lieu hydro dua vdo phdn ung oxy hod khu ciia oxit<br />
sdt voi tdc nhdn metan vd nuac la phuong phdp an todn vd hiiu qud. Bd sung Cr vdo<br />
Fe20i da ice chi hien tugng tu kit cdc phdn tic Fe khi tiin hdnh phdn icng oxy hod khic a<br />
nhiet dp cao. Mdu Ni-Cr-FeO^ cd khd ndng gidi phdng hydro dn dinh ddi vai 4CK oxy hod<br />
khie. Tgi 890K Id nhiet dp tdi uu cho qud trinh khir Ni-Cr-FeO^ bdng metan vd qud trinh<br />
oxy hod Fe bdng hai nuac Id 723K<br />
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GI61 THIEU<br />
Nam 2002, Nghj djnh thu Kyoto dugc ky ket vdi ndi dung la timg bude cat giam khi<br />
thai nha kinh. Mdt trong nhumg giai phap la nghien cum su dyng nhien lieu hydro thay the<br />
nhien lieu truyen thdng. Van de dat ra la lam sao cd the tdn ehua nhien lieu hydro an toan<br />
va hieu qua vi hydro la khi rat de gay chay nd. Phuomg phap nen hydro d ap suat cao, hoa<br />
ldng hydro la nhumg phuomg phap cd kha nang tdn chua lugng ldn hydro tuy nhien<br />
phuomg phap nay khdng an toan. Hydrua kim loai dugc biet den nhu la vat lieu cd kha<br />
nang tdn trir hydro an toan, tuy nhien do gia thanh cua hydrua kim loai dat nen kha nang<br />
ling dyng cdn ban che [1]. Phuang phap giai phdng hydro dya tren phan iing oxy hda khu<br />
oxit sat la phuong phap ed kha nang giai phdng hydro bing 4,8% khdi lugmg Fe [2, 3],<br />
phuang phap nay tuyet ddi an toan va khdng xay ra chay no khi sir dyng. Phuomg phap<br />
nay su dyng nguyen lieu CH4, Fe203 va H2 la nhiing nguyen lieu re tiln va sin cd d Viet<br />
Nam.<br />
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CH4<br />
CH4<br />
CH4 H2O<br />
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u ; „ i , i1:. DPhan<br />
i , ' ung<br />
' khu-Fe203<br />
i u ' i 7 /~wi.i ^.. Hinh<br />
, 2: Giai U<br />
phong H2 bing phan<br />
Hinh bang CH4 T - - , . ,<br />
" uTig oxy hoa Fe vol hoi nu'dc<br />
Co sd phuomg phap giai phdng hydro dya tren phan img oxy boa khu oxit sit vdi tac<br />
nhan metan va nude dugc md ta tren Hinh 1 va 2. Oxit sit dugc ebl tao thanh cac thanh<br />
ban va thyc hien phan iing khu Fe203 bing CH4 theo phan ung (1).<br />
5CH4 + 6Fe203 0 12Fe + 2CO+ 3CO2 +lOHjO (1)<br />
Tuygn tap bao cao Hgi nghj KHCN "30 nam Dau khi Vift Nam: Co hdi mdi, thach thde moi" 201<br />
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Qua trinh giai phdng H2 tien hanh nhu sau: Thanh ban Fe dugc lip dat tren phuong<br />
tien van chuyen va thyc hien giai phdng hydro khi cho hoi nude tiep xuc vdi eae thanh ban<br />
Fe. Nude se oxy hoa Fe ve trang thai Fe304 va giai phdng H2 theo phan ung (2).<br />
3Fe + 4H2O 0 Fe304 + 4H2 (2)<br />
Nhugc diem eua phuong phap la kha nang phan ung oxy hoa khir oxit sit vdi metan<br />
va nude thap do hien tugng ty ket eae phan tu Fe khi tien hanh phan iing d nhiet do cao.<br />
Myc dich bao cao nay trinh bay anh hudng eua cac cation kim loai (Ni^^, Cr^^) din boat<br />
tinh phan img oxy boa khu oxit sat. Cr203 ben vdi qua trinh oxy hoa khu do dd cd thi sy<br />
cd mat cua oxit kim loai nay se ban che hien tugng eo cym cua cac phan tu Fe. Khi tham<br />
gia phan ung oxy boa khu, NiO se bj khu ve trang thai Ni kim loai va sy xuit hien cua Ni<br />
kim loai se ddng vai trd xuc tac eho phan img oxy hoa khu cua oxit sit. Vay khi ddng bd<br />
sung Ni""^, Cr"^^ vao oxit sat thi rat ed the boat tinh eiia phan iing oxy boa khu oxit sit se<br />
dugc cai thien.<br />
L Thyc nghiem<br />
Fe203 dugc dieu che bang phuang phap ket tua Fe(0H)3 tir Fe(N03)3.9H20 vdi ure.<br />
Oxit sat duge bd sung cation kim loai Ni"^^ hoae Cr"^^ (vdi ty le moi cua Fe: M = 95:5, ky<br />
hieu Cr-FeOx, Ni-FeOx). Oxit sat duge ddng bd sung cation kim loai Ni^^ va Cr^^ vdi ty le<br />
moi cua Fe: Ni'^^:Cr'^^ = 90:5:5 (ky hieu Ni-Cr-FeOx) dugc tdng hgp bing phuomg phap<br />
ddng kit tua tir Fe(N03)3.9H20, Ni(N03)2.6H20 va Cr(N03)3.9H20. Kit tua thu dugc siy<br />
khd va nung trong khdng khi d 550 °C cho den khi khdi lugmg khdng thay ddi.<br />
Phan ung oxy hoa khu eua oxit sat vdi tac nhan metan va nude la so dd. Khi tien<br />
hanh qua trinh khu, thdi CH4 vao Id phan iing vdi tde do the tieh 30ml/phut va nhiet do<br />
tang din 750°C vdi toe do 37phut. Gid ding nhiet d 750°C eho tdi khi qua trinh khu kit<br />
thuc. Sau khi ket thuc phan img khu, tien hanh phan iing oxy boa sat bang each dua hoi<br />
nude vao Id phan ung vdi ap suat hoi nude 18,5KPa. Nhiet do cua Id duge dieu chinh len<br />
550°C vdi tdc do 47phut va giir dang nhiet cho den khi phan ung oxy boa Fe ket thuc.<br />
Trong qua trinh oxy hda khu, bang phuong phap phan tich sac ky khi se thu dugc bien<br />
thien ham lugng khi H2, CO va CO2 theo nhiet do phan ung hoae theo thdi gian phan img<br />
oxy hoa khu. Dya vao dudng bien thien CO, CO2 va H2 sinh ra trong qua trinh khu oxit sat<br />
va bien thien ham lugmg H2 trong phan iing oxy hoa sat bang hoi nude se thu duge thdng<br />
tin ve boat tinh cua phan iing oxy hoa khu^ Tdng lugmg khi sinh ra trong qua trinh khu<br />
hoae oxy boa duge tinh dya vao tieh phan dudng ddng hgc cua khi dd vdi thdi gian phan<br />
img.<br />
2. Thao luan ket qua<br />
a. Phdn irng oxy hod khie cda Fe203, Cr-FeO„ Ni-FeOx vd Ni-Cr-FeO^<br />
Hinh 3 la anh SEM eua Fe203, Cr-FeOx, Ni-FeOx va Ni-Cr-FeOx sau khi tdng hgp.<br />
Cd the thay rang kich thudc phan tir oxit sat la kha ddng deu va xap xi 60nm.<br />
Hinh 4 la bien thien ham lugmg COx cua qua trinh khir Fe203, Cr-FeOx, Ni-FeOx va<br />
Ni-Cr-FeOx theo thdi gian phan iing. Ham lugmg COx duge tinh bang tdng ham lugng CO<br />
va 2 lan ham lugmg CO2 sinh ra trong qua trinh khir. Thay rang vdi Fe203, pic eye dai CO,<br />
xuat hien sau 293 phut, vdi Cr-FeOx pic COx xuit hien tai 250 phut. Trudng hgp Ni-FeOx<br />
202 Vai tro ciia cation CR^^ va NI*' ddi vdi phan dng oxy hda khu oxit sat...<br />
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va Ni-Cr-FeOx pic cue dai COx xuat hien tai 160 phut, tuy nhien cudng do cue dai COx<br />
eua Ni-FeOx thip hon so vdi Ni-Cr-FeOx cung nhu eua Cr-FeOx va Fe203. Vay cd the thiy<br />
ring khi bd sung Cr""^ hoae dong bd sung Cr""^ va Ni^^ vao oxit sit thi kha nang khu oxit<br />
sit duge cai thien dang kl, dac biet la Ni-Cr-FeOx. Vdi Ni-FeOx th^y ring kha nang khu<br />
Fe203 thip thi hien qua dudng ddng hgc COx theo thdi gian phan ung. Cd the do hien<br />
tugng ty kit ciia cac phan tu Fe lam giam dien tieh be mat mau nghien eim do dd kha nang<br />
phan img thap.<br />
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FejO<br />
2*^3 Ni-FeOx Cr-FeOx Ni-Cr-FeOx<br />
Hinh 3: Hien vi dien tir quet ciia oxit sat va oxit sat dircfc bo sung cac cation kim loai<br />
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50 1<br />
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1 -*-CrJ^eOx 43 -*-CrJ^eOx<br />
eo •<br />
—*—Ni-FeOx -^Ni-FeOx<br />
30 —a—Ni-Cr-FeOx<br />
-B—Ni-Cr-FeOx<br />
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50 150 250 350 60 120 180 240<br />
Tddi .giatt ptatt img (ptui) Thdi giao phAtt u:Ug(pbiJt)<br />
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Hinh 4 : Bien thien ham luomg CO, theo Hinh 5 : Bien thien ham lu-omg H2 theo thdi<br />
thdi gian phan irng khir oxit sit bdi CH4 gian phan urng oxy hoa Fe bang hoi nu'dc<br />
Sau khi ket thuc phan iing khu oxit sat bdi metan, tien hanh phan img oxy hoa Fe<br />
bang hoi nude. Bien thien ham lugmg H2 theo thdi gian phan ung dugc trinh bay d Hinh 5<br />
va biin thien ham lugmg H2 theo nhiet do phan iing dugc trinh bay d Hinh 6. Cd thi thiy<br />
rang ddi vdi Ni-FeOx hoat tinh cua phan img oxy boa rat kem. Sd di cd hien tugng nay do<br />
qua trinh khir Ni-FeOx xay ra vdi hieu suat thap. Dya vao dudng ddng bgc qua trinh giai<br />
phdng hydro theo nhiet do thay rang boat tinh eua phan ung oxy boa duge sip xip nhu<br />
sau: Ni-Cr-FeOx> Cr-FeOx» Fe203. Vay khi bd sung Cr^^ vao oxit sit thi boat tinh phan<br />
ung oxy hoa khu dugc cai thien dang kl va boat tinh cang tang manh khi dong thdi bd<br />
sung Cr^^ va Ni"^^ vao oxit sit.<br />
Tuyin tap bao eao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam Dau khi Viet Nam: Co hgi mdi, thach thde moi" ?03<br />
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Hinh 7 la anh SEM cac mau nghien cim sau khi ket thuc phan img oxy hoa khu.<br />
Thay rang kich thudc hat cac phan tir oxit sat la khae nhau. Miu Ni-FeOx cd kich thudc<br />
ldn nhat. Vay do hien tugng ty ket cac phan tu Fe nen da ban chi kha nang phan img oxy<br />
hoa khu cua Ni-FeOx. Cd the thay rang kich thudc hat Ni-Cr-FeOx xip xi vdi Cr-FeOx va<br />
deu nhd born so vdi Fe203. Vay khi bd sung Cr^^ vao oxit sit da han chi hien tugng ty kit<br />
cac phan tu Fe trong qua trinh oxy hoa do dd boat tinh ddi vdi phan ung oxy boa khu eua<br />
Cr-FeOx va Ni-Cr-FeOx manh hom so vdi Fe203.<br />
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50<br />
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LL 40 -A— Cr-FeOx<br />
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30 ^<br />
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200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550<br />
Nhiet d6 (oC)<br />
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Hinh 6: Bien thien ham luong H2 theo nhiet do phan irng oxy hoa Fe bang hoi nude<br />
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Fe203 Ni-FeOx Cr-FeOx Ni-Cr-FeOx<br />
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Khi ddng bd sung Ni"^'^ va Cr"^^ vao oxit sat thay rang mau cd boat tinh manh ddi<br />
vdi phan img oxy boa khu. Cd the sy xuat hien Ni kim loai da ddng vai trd xuc tac cho<br />
phan ung khu oxit sat bang metan va la xue tac cho phan iing oxy boa Fe bang hoi nude.<br />
b. Bdn chu ky oxy hod khir cda Ni-Cr-FeO^<br />
Khi ket thue phan ung oxy boa khir Ni-Cr-FeOx vdi tac nhan metan va nude ed nghia<br />
la ket thue mdt chu ky oxy boa khu (ICK). Tien hanh nghien cim 3 chu ky (3CK) oxy hoa<br />
khu tiep theo eiia Ni-Cr-FeOx va ket qua dugc bieu diln d Hinh 8, 9.<br />
Hinh 8 la bien thien ham lugng COx theo nhiet do phan img khu oxit sat bdi CH4 cua<br />
4CK. Cd thi thiy ring pic COx cua CKl xuit hien tai 923K. Tir CK2, CK3 va CK4 xuit<br />
hien pie COx d 890K. Vay khi tien hanh lap lai cac chu ky oxy hoa khu cua Ni-Cr-FeOx,<br />
204 Vai trd cua cation CR^^ va NI*' ddi vdi phan dng oxy hda khd oxit sat..<br />
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boat tinh khir oxit sat la kha dn djnh va nhiet do phan img phii hgp vdi CK2. CK3, CK4 la<br />
890K. Hinh 9 la sy phy thudc ham lugmg H2 vao nhiet do qua trinh oxy boa Fe. Dua vao<br />
hinh dang dudng dgng hgc cua qua trinh giai phdng hydro thiy ring boat tinh 4CK oxy<br />
hoa khu la dn djnh. Vay su cd mat cua Cr""^ da ban chi hien tugng ty kit eua cac phan tir<br />
Fe khi tien hanh 4CK oxy hoa khu cua Ni-Cr-FeOx do dd kha nang giai phdng H2 la dn<br />
djnh ddi vdi 4CK oxy boa khu.<br />
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