VAI TRO CUA MAT T R A N VIET MINH<br />
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TRONG PHONG TRAO D A U TRANH CACH MANG<br />
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GIANH CHlNH QUYEN OT B I N H OINH N A M 1945<br />
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NGUYfiN THI THANH HUONG*<br />
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xam iQpe Ddng DQdng, eiu ket vdi Phap<br />
T rong ljch sii hdng ngan nam dUng<br />
nUde vd giQ nQdc, dai dodn ket da<br />
trd thdnh mpt truyen thdng quy bau va r i t<br />
thdng tri nhan dan ta. TrUde tinh hinh dd,<br />
Hpi nghi Trung Udng Dang hpp thang 11-<br />
vQng chic eiia dan tpc Vipt Nam. Kd thQa 1939 vd thang 11-1940 da chu trUdng<br />
va phat huy truyen thdng dd, ngay tQ khi ehuyin hUdng ehien lUdc dUa nhiem vu giai<br />
Dang Cpng san Vipt Nam ra ddi (3-2-1930), phdng dan tpc len hang diu, coi do Id<br />
Dang vd Chu tieh Hd Chi Minh ludn coi nhipm vu quan trpng nhit.<br />
trpng ciing cd va md rpng khdi dai dodn kdt Chu trUdng cua Hpi nghi 11-1939, 11-<br />
toan dan trong Mdt trdn dan tpc thd'ng 1940 da thUe sU dupe hodn chinh tai Hpi<br />
nha't. nghi Trung Udng lln thQ 8 (10-19/5/1941)<br />
Trong mdi giai doan each mang, tuy vao tai Pic Pd, Cao Bing dudi sU chu tri ciia<br />
hoan canh evi t h i Dang ta linh boat trong ddng chi Nguyen Ai Qudc. Sau khi phan<br />
vipc Ivia chpn cac hinh thQc va ten gpi ciia tieh tinh hinh the' gidi vd trong nUde, Hpi<br />
mdt tran phu hdp vdi hoan canh va mue nghj da de ra nhieu ehii trUdng vd ehinh<br />
tieu, nhipm vy tQng thdi ky each mang, sach cy t h i n h i m gUdng cao hdn nQa ngpn<br />
nhQng ehung quy lai la n h i m doan kdt tap ed giai phdng dan tpc, ddng vien mpi ting<br />
hpp iQciQpng. ldp nhan dan tidn len mdt trdn each mang<br />
dl gianh dpc lap tQ do cho dan tpc.<br />
Mat tran Vipt Minh la hinh thQc td chQc<br />
Mat tran dan tpc thd'ng n h i t phat trien ddn c a n cQ vao tinh hinh thQc tien. Dang<br />
dinh cao, tidp ndi eae td chQc Mat tran dan phai thay ddi ehie'n thuat van dpng, phai<br />
tpc thd'ng nha't trQdc dd, d vdo thdi diem toan v^n dyng phQdng phap hipu tripu het sQc<br />
dan chuin bi tidn tdi khdi nghia gianh chinh thdng thidt, lam sao danh thQc dQdc tinh<br />
quyen. t h i n dan tpc xUa nay trong nhan dan. Vi<br />
vdy, Hpi nghi Trung Udng lln thQ 8 quydt<br />
1. Stjf r a dc^i vd h o a t d p n g c u a M a t djnh thanh ldp Mat trdn dan tdc thdng<br />
t r a n Viet M i n h d B i n h D i n h n h i t chdng phat xlt Phap - Nhat liy ten la<br />
Nam 1939, Chidn tranh the gidi thQ Vipt Nam dpc ldp ddng minh (gpi t i t la Mat<br />
Hai bung nd. Nam 1940, Nhat nhay vao tran Vipt Minh) vdo ngay 19-5-1941.<br />
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Th.S. Trudng Dai hoc Quy Nhon, Binh Djnh<br />
48 Rghito ciiru Lich sit, sg 8.2008<br />
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Sau Hdi nghi Trung Udng l l n thQ 8, ea Den d i u thang 6 nam 1945, UBVDCQ<br />
nQdc trien khai thQc hien chu trQdng van tinh phat t r i l n iQc iQpng d cac phii, huypn:<br />
ddng, td chQc n h a n dan t h a m gia vao Mat Hoai Nhdn, Hoai An, An Nhdn, Phu My vd<br />
tran Vipt Minh. Thang 10-1941, Tdng bd da lap dupe hp thdng UBVDCQ tQ phu,<br />
Vipt Minh cdng bd Tuyen ngdn neu rd tdn huyen xudng tdng.<br />
chi mue dieh cua minh "Liin hiep tdt cd<br />
Sau khi UBVDCQ tinh thanh ldp dQpc<br />
mgi tdng ldp nhdn ddn, cdc Ddng phdi<br />
mdt thing, tai tinh Binh Dinh mpt td chQc<br />
cdch mgng, cdc dodn the qudn ehung yiu<br />
Vipt Minh mdi khae cung ra ddi dd la Uy<br />
nUdc cung nhau ddnh dudi Nhat • Phdp,<br />
ban v a n ddng Vipt Minh tinh.<br />
ldm cho nUdc Viet Nam hodn todn dgc<br />
lap, dUng lin nUdc Viet Nam ddn chu Cudi thang 5 nam 1945, cac nhdm Vipt<br />
Cdng hda" (1). Minh d Quy Nhdn, Dieu Tri, Phu Phong<br />
tidn hanh hpp tai hang dpt Delignon (d Phu<br />
Chl sau mdt thdi gian ngin, phong trao<br />
Phong - Tay Sdn) thanh lap Uy ban van<br />
Vipt Minh da phat trien kha manh vdi vipe<br />
ddng Vipt Minh (UBVDVM) tinh (edn gpi la<br />
ra ddi cua cae Hpi cQu qudc d eae tinh phia<br />
Vipt Minh Nguyen Hup) do ddng chf Vd<br />
Bic, nha't la nhQng ndi cd sQ lanh dao trQc<br />
Xdn lam Bi thQ.<br />
tidp eua Trung Qdng Dang. O Trung Bd va<br />
Nam Bd vipc thanh lap cac Hdi cQu qudc SQ ra ddi va hoat dpng eua hai td chQc:<br />
khd khdn hdn do dich khung bd git gao vd UBVDCQ va UBVDVM tinh da cd tae dyng<br />
do vipe tidp thu ehu trQdng ciia Trung Qdng thuc d i y phong trdo each mang trong toan<br />
Dang cham hdn. Vi vdy d nhQng ndi nay, tinh phat t r i l n manh me. TQ t h i n g 5 den<br />
phai sau ngay Nhat dao ehinh Phap (9-3- thang 6 nam 1945, UBVDCQ tinh da thanh<br />
1945) phong trao Vipt Minh mdi ed dip lap dQpc mdt sd td CQu qudc trong cac cd sd<br />
phat trien. nha ga Quy Nhdn, hang STACA, nha may<br />
Ddn, cac hipu tap hda. Cac td cdng nhan<br />
N i m trong bdi canh ehung ciia cae tinh CQu qudc d Thi tra'n Tam Quan, cae ga<br />
Nam Trung Bp, d Binh Dinh, vipc thanh Tam Quan, Bdng Sdn, Van Phu, Phu My,<br />
lap td chQc Vipt Minh chi mdi b i t d i u sau Depd Dieu Tri, Quy Nhdn cung l l n iQpt ra<br />
ngay Nhat dao chinh Phap (9-3-1945). ddi va di vao hoat dpng. Cdn UBVDVM<br />
GiQa thang 4-1945, tai lang Dinh Binh, tinh da xay dQng dQdc cac tieu td Vipt<br />
xa Hoai My, huypn Hoai Nhdn, Uy ban Minh trong cae ed sd gara T r i n HQng Tieu,<br />
van ddng CQu qudc (UBVDCQ) tinh Binh Sd Canh Ndng, nha Day Thdp, ddn Bao An.<br />
Dinh dQdc thdnh lap (edn gpi la Vipt Minh Mdt sd nhdm Viet Minh khae lai hoat dpng<br />
Tang Bat Ho) gdm cac ddng ehi: Ngd DQc trong hpc sinh, vien chQc va cdng thQdng<br />
Dp, T r i n Quang Khanh, Dinh Trung, gia. Cd sd each mang dQdc md rdng, da thuc<br />
UBVDCQ tinh tien hanh hpp dd ra cac diy phong trao khang Nhat cQu nQdc phat<br />
chu trQdng: "Liin Igc vd dUa vdo ddng trien manh me trong tinh.<br />
viin cu. cdc huyin de van ddng cdc tdng ldp<br />
Rieng b Hoki Nhdn, thang 4-1945,<br />
nhdn ddn yiu nUdc vdo hdng ngu Viet<br />
UBVDCQ Hoai Nhdn dQpc thanh lap Oly<br />
Minh; Tich cUc tuyen truyen, phd biin cdc<br />
bi danh la Vipt Minh Phu Ai), tidn hanh<br />
chQ trUcfng, chinh sdch cua mat tran Viet<br />
eae boat ddng tuyen truyen rpng rai chQdng<br />
Minh trong qudn chung; Ra sQc xdy dUng<br />
trinh, dieu 1? cila Mat trdn Vipt Minh ddn<br />
trong cdc dodn the cQu qudc tii'n tdi thdnh<br />
q u i n ehung nhan dan. Cac dodn t h i CQu<br />
lap UBVDCQ tQ xd lin huyin" (2).<br />
qudc da thu hut ddng dao nhan dan lao<br />
Vai h-g ciia mat fr^n Vi^f minh. 49<br />
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ddng, ke ca mdt sd nha budn, cdng vien kinh te' quan trpng vd cac cdng tU sd thanh<br />
chQc, giao dan. Din thdng 7 ndm 1945 so' phd (Sd BUu dipn, Canh nong, ThUdng<br />
hgi viin cQu qudc todn huyin lin din 3000 ehinh, Tda Ddc ly, Ddc bp dUdng, Ddn bao<br />
ngQdi (3). d Phu Cat, ddn d i u thang 8- an...). Trong dd mpt sd ndi nhU ga Quy<br />
1945, ed sd Vipt Minh da lan nhanh ra h i u Nhdn, hang STACA, gara T r i n Hung Tieu<br />
khip cac xa, tdng trong huypn, sd hdi vien ed the xem la nhQng "Xi nghiip hodn todn".<br />
cQu qudc len tdi 400 ngUdi. O Phu My, Ddn ngay 20-7-1945 ed tdi 20 tilu td Viet<br />
trong 2 thang 5 va 6-1945, cd sd Viet Minh Minh vdi 500 hpi vien (6) va den diu thang<br />
da xay dUng dUde d k h i p 3 tdng phia Bie 8-1945 ed tdi 1500 hpi vien cQu qudc. 0 mpt<br />
Phu My. Cudl thdng 6-1945, UBVDCQ phu sd ddn trai dieh, ta eung thanh ldp dQdc cae<br />
Phu My dupe thdnh ldp (cdn gpi la Vipt tieu td binh linh cQu qudc.<br />
Minh Phu Tu). Ddn d i u thang 7-1945, cae<br />
Nhin chung, trong toan tinh Binh Dinh,<br />
tdng Nam Phu My hinh thanh nhieu tilu<br />
sau khi UBVDCQ va UBVDVM dQdc thanh<br />
td Vipt Minh boat dpng va phat triln theo<br />
lap thi phong trao Vipt Minh phat triln<br />
chu trUdng cua UBVDVM.<br />
manh me. Cac td chQc Vipt Minh, cae doan<br />
Tai Binh Khe, cuoi thang 5-1945, t h i cQu qudc dQpc thdnh lap khip cac phu,<br />
UBVDVM huypn dupe thanh lap, do ddng huypn, thanh phd.<br />
ehi Vd Xdn lam Bi thU. Chi trong mdt thdi<br />
2. Vai tro ciia Mat tran Viet Minh<br />
gian ngin, tQ thang 5 den thang 7-1945,<br />
trong cupc da'u tranh gianh chinh<br />
UBVDVM huypn da tuyen truyen vdn ddng<br />
quyen d Binh Dinh nam 1945<br />
va xay dQng nhieu td chQc Vipt Minh d Phu<br />
Phong, Kien My, HQu Giang... Rieng d TQ khi dQpc thdnh l^p den khi khdi<br />
hang dpt Delignon, 7-1945 ta da xay dQng nghia gianh chinh quyen (5-8/1945), cae td<br />
dQdc 10 td vdi hdn 100 hdi vien trong cdng chQc Vipt Minh d Binh Dinh da boat dpng<br />
nhdn (4). r i t tieh cQc va dong vai trd quan trpng ddi<br />
vdi t h i n g lpi eiia khdi nghia gidnh ehinh<br />
0 Tuy PhQdc, phong trao Vipt Minh<br />
quyen trong todn tinh vao thang Tam nam<br />
phdt triln nhanh chdng. Tai Dieu Tri, cac<br />
1945. Vai trd dd t h i hipn d nhQng mat sau:<br />
tilu td thanh nien ehdng phat xit trong<br />
cdng nhan vien chQc Depd vd ga Dieu Tri - Xdy dUng lUc lUOng chinh tri<br />
dQdc ehuyin thanh eae td cdng nhan cQu SQ ra ddi va hoat dpng cua hai td chQc<br />
qudc. De'n d i u thang 6-1945, Hdi Cdng Vipt Minh tinh (UBVDCQ va UBVDVM) c6<br />
nhan CQu qudc Dieu Tri dQpc thanh ldp vdi tac dung thuc diy phong tro each mang<br />
gin 100 hpi vien. De'n trQdc ngay khdi trong tinh phat triln manh me. Hai td chQc<br />
nghia, todn bp cdng nhan hda xa khu vQc Vipt Minh ndy da nhanh chdng xay dQng<br />
Dieu Tri (400 cdng nhan) deu la hdi vien cac cd sd cua minh tai cac phii, huypn trong<br />
CQu qud'c (5). tinh. Cho ddn trQdc ngdy khdi nghia, d<br />
Tai Thanh phd Quy Nhdn, cae td chQc Binh Dinh, h i u het cae phii, huypn, xa,<br />
Vi^t Minh r i t ehu trpng trong cdng tac xay tdng, thanh phd', thi t r i n deu cd cac dodn<br />
dvtng va phat triln iQc iQpng cQu qud'c. t h i cQu qudc: Thanh nien CQu qudc, Phy<br />
Ngoai nhQng tilu td Vi^t Minh trong cdng nQ CQu qudc, Cdng nhan CQu qudc, Ndng<br />
nhan, hpc sinh, vien chQc, linh bao an, dan CQu qud'c. O nhieu ndi da cd "tdng<br />
UBVDVM cdn xay dQng dUdc mpt hp thdng hodn todn", "ldng hodn todn" nhU An Do,<br />
cdc tilu td Vipt Minh d h i u het eae ed sd Cliu Lpi (Hodi Nhdn); Kim Sdn, Phu HQu<br />
50 Rghi&i ciiru Ljch siir. sg 8.2008<br />
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(Hodi An); Van Dinh, An Binh (Phu My); TQ t h i n g 6 den thang 8-1945, d Binh<br />
Dai An, My DQc (An Nhdn), cd cac "xi Dinh phong trao Vipt Minh da phat triln<br />
nghiep hodn todn": ga Quy Nhdn, hang r i m rd, vdi sQ hQdng Qng rdng rai ciia nhan<br />
STACA, gara T r i n HQng Tien... dd la dan. Den d i u t h i n g 8 ndm 1945, sd Hpi<br />
nhQng ndi toan dan tham gia vao Hpi cQu vien CQu qudc da tdng len hang van ngQdi.<br />
qudc. LQC iQpng Vipt Minh d thanh phd vd cac thj<br />
tQ eung phat trien vQpt bde, trong dd manh<br />
Dang bd Binh Dinh cdn de ra ehu trUdng<br />
nha't la Quy Nhdn vd Dieu Tri. Tren thQc td<br />
van dpng giao dan ung hd each mang. Chii<br />
Mat tran Vipt Minh d Binh Dinh da tdp<br />
trUdng cua Dang la van dpng n i m tin dd<br />
hpp dupc q u i n chung nhan dan trong cac<br />
Phat giao, Cdng giao, phan hda cao dp d l<br />
Hdi CQu qudc hinh thanh nen mpt iQc<br />
han che sU chdng ddi cua chQc sic phan<br />
iQpng chi'nh tri manh me. Vi vay, t h i n g lpi<br />
dpng trong dao Cao Ddi. Bdi vi, sau ngay<br />
eua khdi nghia gianh chinh quyen d Binh<br />
Nhat dao chfnh Phap nhQng p h i n tii phan<br />
Djnh thang 8-1945 la t h i n g Ipi ciia svf ndi<br />
dpng trong dao Cao Dai dQdc Nhdt hdu<br />
day toan dan bao gdm: cdng nhan, ndng<br />
t h u i n rao ridt hoat dpng. O Binh Dinh sd<br />
dan, tilu tQ san, ke ea mdt sd dja chu, cdng<br />
tin dd dao Cao Ddi la 19.500 ngQdi. LQC<br />
thQdng gia, tin dd Phat giao, dao Thien<br />
lupng phan dpng trong dao Cao Dai d Binh<br />
ehua ed tinh t h i n yeu nQdc... Dieu nay chi<br />
Dinh cdn dUa ra k h i u hipu: "dudi Phap,<br />
ro vai trd to ldn ciia Mat tr^n Vipt Minh<br />
tieu dipt Cdng san vd Cdng giao, ung hp<br />
trong xay dQng iQc lUpng chinh trj - Iv^c<br />
Nhat Ban". Do dd cdng tac tuyen truyen<br />
lupng ndng cdt, gdp p h i n tao nen t h i n g lpi<br />
dudng ldi cua Viet Minh Id r i t quan trpng<br />
eua khdi nghia Thang Tam nam 1945 b<br />
n h i m giae ngp ddi vdi giao dan. Nhd ehu<br />
Binh Djnh.<br />
trUdng dung d i n vdn dpng giao dan md<br />
thai dp tin dd Phdt giao, Cdng giao cd - Xdy dUng iQc iQcfng vu. trang<br />
nhQng chuyen bidn tieh cQc. Vipt Minh<br />
huypn An Nhdn vdn dpng dQpc cdc hda Quan tript chii trUdng eua Trung Udng<br />
thQdng tuyen truyen chdng Nhdt cQu nQdc, Dang vd khdi nghia vu trang va thUe hipn<br />
lpi dyng mau thudn giQa chQc sic Phat theo phUdng thQc eua Hd Chf Minh "d ddu<br />
giao vdi chQc sic Cao Dai than Nhdt d l kdo cd Viet Minh la d dd phdi cd tU ve chii'n<br />
q u i n ehung Phdt giao ve phia each mang. ddu" (7), trong qua trinh c h u i n bj khdi<br />
nghia vu trang di gianh chinh quyen, tren<br />
Mat tran Vipt Minh b Binh Dinh cd cd sd IQC iQpng chinh trj ngay eang phat<br />
thanh p h i n tham gia rpng rai bao gdm trien. Dang bp tinh Binh Dinh cung nhQ<br />
cdng nhan, ndng dan, thanh nien, hpc sinh, cac huypn da chu trpng xay dQng iQc iQpng<br />
tri thQc, tieu thQdng, tieu ehu, nhan si tidn vu trang. Trong Hpi nghi TrQdng An lln<br />
bd, tin dd phdt tii, giao dan... Vdi sQ tham thQ II (17-19/7/1945), UBVDCQ tinh chii<br />
gia ddng dao ciia mpi t i n g ldp nhan dan trQdng: "Phdi tich cQc xdy dQng cdc dgi TU<br />
yeu nQdc, phai ndi r i n g Mat tran Vipt vi Citu qudc vd Tu vi Sdt ldm ndng cdt cho<br />
Minh la mdt td chQc q u i n ehung rdng rai, phong trdo chuan bi khdi nghia vu. trang"<br />
vQng chic vi dQa tren cd sd cdng ndng lien (8). ThQc hipn chu trUdng dd, giQa thang 7-<br />
minh va dQdi sQ lanh dao cua Dang. Thdng 1945, Vipt Minh da trQc tiep xuc tien cdng<br />
qua cae td chQc Vipt Minh, Dang bp Binh tae xay dQng iQc iQpng niia vu trang. Den<br />
Dinh da phd bien chii trQdng, chinh sach d i u t h i n g 8-1945 h i u hdt eae xa, huypn<br />
ciia minh den q u i n chung vd nhan dQpc sQ trong tinh, deu cd cac dpi Ti^ vp CQu qudc<br />
hQdng Qng nhanh chdng ciia toan dan. vd T Q V$ S i t . Hang dpt Delignon, Depd<br />
Vai h^ ciia mat t r ^ Vi^t Wlnh. 51<br />
<br />
Dieu Tri, ga Quy Nhdn moi ndi ed tQ 50 den Nhat d TrQdng Dinh (Tay Sdn). TQ thang 7<br />
100 tQ vp cdng nhan (9). 6 thanh phd Quy - giQa thang 8-1945 cac td chQc Vipt Minh<br />
Nhdn, den ngay khdi nghia da ed gin 200 Quy Nhdn diy manh tuyen truyen ChQdng<br />
dpi vien tQ vp cQu qudc (10). Ve trang bi, trinh 10 diem eiia Mat tran Vipt Minh cho<br />
ngodi vipe ddng vien cae dpi vien tU tue, q u i n ehung nhan dan Quy Nhdn, td chQc<br />
UBVDVM edn huy dpng cdng nhan cd khi rai truyen ddn, dien thuyet, nut tinh ldi kdo<br />
Depd Quy Nhdn, cae Gara dto bi mat rdn ddng dao nhan dan tham gia.<br />
kiem, mac... eho tQ vp, van ddng mpt sd<br />
Ngdy 20/6/1945, UBVDCQ tinh Binh<br />
thQdng gia gdp tien mua sung dan tidp td<br />
Dinh da ra tuyen ngdn, n h i n manh: "Gidc<br />
cho tQ vp. H i u hdt sd dpi vien eua dpi TQ vp<br />
Nhdt cdn d ddy chQng ndo, ddn ta cdn khd<br />
CQu qudc hodc TQ vp S i t deu dQpc iQa chpn<br />
sd iQu linh chQng dy\ gid ddy khong liic ndo<br />
tQ cae hdi vien cQu qudc tich cQc n h i t trong<br />
hi't todn the dong bdo khdng phdn biet gid,<br />
cdng nhan, ndng dan, hpc sinh, thanh nien<br />
vd dQpc h u l n luypn sd bp ve quan sQ. Cang tre, trai, gdi, gidu ngheo, sang hen, hdy<br />
gin ddn ngdy khdi nghia vipc h u l n luypn mau dodn kit lgi tim giit ke thii chung gidc<br />
quan sQ va vd dan tpc da trd thanh phong Nhdt vd hodn thdnh mUu ddn tgc gidi<br />
trdo quin ehung manh me. H i u hdt eae phdng" (11).<br />
trung tam eiia cac dpi tQ vp deu ddng tai Diu thang 8-1945, n h i m tap dQpt dpi<br />
cae Id luypn vd vd vipc luypn quan sQ ngu iQc lupng chinh tri vd lUc lUpng vu<br />
thQdng gin lien vdi luypn vo dan tpc. Phai trang, Vipt Minh Phu Thai (An Nhdn) da td<br />
ndi r i n g UBVM Binh Dinh dd biet phdt chQc mpt cupc bilu tinh thi uy. Hdn 1000<br />
huy truyen thd'ng thQpng vd - the manh ciia quin chung, cd cae dpi TQ vp S i t ldm ndng<br />
dia phQdng minh vd tao nen mdt ndt dac edt, di tQ Dai An qua Dai binh va sau d6 to<br />
sic trong vipe chuin h\ khdi nghia vu trang chQc mit tinh tai Dai An. TrQdc khi giai<br />
ciia tinh. tan, dai dipn Vipt Minh Phu Thai cdng khai<br />
Svt ra ddi, ngdy cang phat triln eiia iQc keu gpi quin chung tich cUe sim siia vu<br />
iQpng vu trang, ddng mdt vai trd r i t quan khi, hdng hai tham gia vdo Mdt trdn Vipt<br />
trpng la eho dQa vd hd trd d&c iQc eho iQe Minh chd Ipnh khdi nghia.<br />
iQpng chinh tri trong Cach mang thang Nhu vdy, de hUdng nhan dan vao nhipm<br />
Tam nam 1945 d Binh Dinh. vu giai phdng dan tpc. Mat tran Vipt Mmh<br />
- Mat trdn Viet Minh Binh Dinh cdn tap Binh Dinh da tidn hanh nhieu hoat dpng<br />
duot cho qudn chung nhdn ddn ddu tranh, rai truyen ddn, mit tinh, dien thuyet, bieu<br />
sdn sdng tii'n hdnh khdi nghia khi thdi cO tinh n h i m tuyen truyen, giao due, giac ngp<br />
dien vd tap dUdt quin ehung diu tranh. Qua dd,<br />
quin ehiing nhan dan eang nung n l u them<br />
Ngay 28-5-1945, tai chp Tan DQc (An<br />
long cam thu doi vdi giae Nhat va tay sai,<br />
Nhdn), UBVDVM phdi hpp UBVDCQ tinh<br />
sin sang vung ddy khdi nghia gidnh chinh<br />
lanh dao thanh nien eae lang Ddng Bie<br />
quyen khi Dang phat dpng.<br />
Binh Khe - Tay An Nhdn t l y chay cupc mit<br />
tinh ciia thu linh Thanh nien than Nhat - Mat trdn Viet Minh Binh Dinh dd ddng<br />
tdng My DQc. vai trd quan trgng trong vi^c lanh dgo, to<br />
DIu thang 6-1945, UBVDVM edn td chQc qudn chung tii'n hdnh khdi nghia<br />
chQc cupc van dpng q u i n ehung ndi ddy gidnh chinh quyin trong todn tinh thdng<br />
chdng Ipnh vd vdt thdc gao vd thu thud cua left<br />
52 Rghifen ciiru Ljch sJr. sg 8.2008<br />
<br />
D i u thang 8-1945, trong toan tinh Binh NhQ vdy, den giQa thang 8-1945, thdi cd<br />
Dinh da diy len mdt eao trao chdng Nhat each mang da xua't hipn cho cupc tdng khdi<br />
cQu nQdc sdi ndi. Q u i n chung each mang nghia gianh ehinh quyen trong ea nQdc.<br />
da s i n sang, ehi chd dieu kien khach quan Mdc du chQa nhan dQpc Ipnh khdi nghia<br />
thudn ldi la ndi ddy. O vao thdi gian ndy, eiia Trung Qdng, nhUng khi nhdn dQpc tin<br />
bpn Nhat v l tay sai d dia phQdng cdng bi ed Nhat d i u hang ddng minh. Mat tran Vipt<br />
lap, dao ddng vd te lipt. Minh da kip thdi chdp l i y thdi cd va phat<br />
ddng nhan dan trong tinh tien hdnh khdi<br />
vao tdi 13-8-1945, UBVDVM hpp k h i n<br />
nghia gianh chinh quyen t h i n g Ipi.<br />
elp tai nha ga Quy Nhdn va nhdn dinh<br />
tinh the each mang da x u i t hipn. Tuy ehUa Td'ng khdi nghia d Binh Dinh dien ra<br />
nhdn dupc Ipnh khdi nghia eiia Trung chl trong vdng hdn mdt t u i n le tQ 22-8-<br />
Udng, nhUng can cQ vao Chi thi "Nhat - 1945 ddn 31-8-1945, gianh dQdc t h i n g lpi<br />
Phdp bdn nhau vd hdnh dgng da chung trong toan tinh. DQdi sQ ehi dao eiia 2 td<br />
ta" (12-3-1945) cua Trung Qdng Dang, Hpi chQc Vipt Minh tinh UBVDVM vd<br />
nghi ehii trUdng "Dii tinh hinh ndo cQng UBVDCQ tinh tai cac lang, xa, huypn,<br />
kip thdi phdt ddng qudn chung viing lin phu, nhan dan da ndi day gianh ehinh<br />
gidnh chinh quyin trUdc khi qudn Ddng quyln nhanh ehdng, hda binh. Bp may<br />
minh di'n dia phUctng" (12). Hpi nghi quyet chinh quyen ciia de qudc phat xlt vk<br />
dinh thanh lap Uy ban Khdi nghia do ddng phong kien tQ lang xa den huy^n, tinh bj<br />
chi Vo Xan lanh dao, ldp dpi Tu vp CQu sup dd hoan toan.<br />
qudc tdp trung, eii can bp lien lac vdi<br />
Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh chuin bj vk<br />
UBVDCQ tinh Binh Dinh ban kd hoaeh<br />
lanh dao khdi nghia gianh chinh quyln d<br />
phdi hpp khdi nghia, thdng bao tin Nhat<br />
Binh D;nh cdn cd nhQng mfit tdn tai,<br />
d i u hdng ddng minh eho eae nhdm thanh<br />
khuyet diem trong qua trinh td chQc va ehi<br />
nien yeu nQdc An Khe, Pleiku vd Kon Tum<br />
dao. Dd la cho den ngay khdi nghia d Binh<br />
de kip thdi phdi hpp hdnh dpng.<br />
Dinh vSn cdn tdn tai hai td chQc Vipt Minh.<br />
Ngay 18-8-1945, ddng ehi T r i n LQdng Ngoai 2 huypn Hodi Nhdn, Hoai An, cl cac<br />
ehii tri cupc hpp b i t thudng eiia UBVDCQ huypn khae ddu cd hai iQc iQpng Vi^t Minh:<br />
tinh tai An Sdn (Hoai Nhdn). Hpi nghi UBVDCQ va UBVDVM. Trong qua trinh<br />
nha'n manh, Ipnh khdi nghia eiia Trung khdi nghia gianh chinh quyen, tuy khdng<br />
Udng chUa nhdn dUpe, phai thdn trpng. Hdi xay ra nhQng va cham dang tide, nhQng<br />
nghi quydt dinh thanh ldp Uy ban Khdi vipc n i m thdi cd da khdng kip thdi, "UBVD<br />
nghia tinh do ddng chf T r i n Quang Khanh cQu qud'c thii'u tao bao kip thdi" (14), td<br />
lam TrUdng ban va quydt dinh: "Ncfi ndo chQc va hanh ddng d eae huypn (trQ Phu<br />
chuan bi chu ddo, cd diiu kiin thudn ldi thi Cat) cdn thidu thdng n h i t . Dac bipt, giQa 2<br />
cd thi cUdp chinh quyin, song phdi than td chQc Vipt Minh eua tinh ed sQ hilu Ilm<br />
trgng" (13). nen d i n den hau qua la xii sai ddng ehi Vo<br />
Xan, gay anh hudng khdng tdt den phong<br />
Ngay 20-8-1945 tai Tai LUdng (Hoai trao da'u tranh ciia tinh.<br />
Thanh - Hoai Nhdn) dai bilu UBVDVM la<br />
ddng chl Le Vdn Nhieu va Gilp Vdn CUdng Tinh the dd ddi hdi cac Iv^c iQpng Vipt<br />
da hpp vdi dai bieu UBVDCQ tinh la ddng Minh Binh Dinh phai thdng nha't iQc iQpng<br />
ehi T r i n Lung d l ban kd hoaeh thdng n h i t Vipt Minh toan tinh tren nguyen tie dodn<br />
hanh ddng. ket, dat ldi ich each mang len tren het.<br />
Vai trg ciia m$t tr$n Vl^ Cffinh. 53<br />
<br />
Ngay 31-8-1945, tai Dieu Tri cude hpp mang d Binh Dinh ehinh thQc hoan<br />
lien tinh giQa dai bieu UBVDCQ tinh vdi thanh.<br />
Uy ban Nhan dan Cach mang lam thdi tinh<br />
NhQ vay. Mat tran Vipt Minh Binh Dinh<br />
Nguyin Hup (UBVDVM) do ddng chi T r i n<br />
khdng chi doan kdt todn dan, ldm ed sd xay<br />
LQdng ehii tri da quydt dinh thdng n h i t cac<br />
dQng cae nhan td t h i n g ldi eho each mang<br />
iQc iQpng Vipt Minh trong tinh.<br />
ma edn ddng vai trd to ldn trong vipe td<br />
Ngay 3-9-1945 tai san van ddng Quy chQc, phat ddng nhan dan toan tinh dQng<br />
Nhdn, gin 30.000 ngQdi gdm dai bilu Vipt len khdi nghia gidnh ehinh quydn khi thdi<br />
Minh toan tinh, ddng bao eae gidi, cac dan ed de'n.<br />
tpc, cac tdn giao cung 1.000 TQ vp CQu qudc<br />
ThQc tien qua trinh hinh thanh va hoat<br />
vd Tvf vp s i t tham gia mit tinh chao mQng<br />
dpng cua Mat tran Vipt Minh d Binh Dinh<br />
khdi nghia gianh t h i n g ldi. Trong ngay hpi<br />
da ehi rd mdi lien hp: Dang - Mat tran -<br />
thing lpi, uy ban nhan dan Cach mang<br />
nhan dan.-Dang ta ehi cd the dodn kdt toan<br />
Lam thdi mdi cua tinh la'y ten la tinh Tdng<br />
dan, lanh dao nhan dan ldm each mang<br />
Bat Ho, dQpc thdnh lap do ddng chl T r i n<br />
giai phdng thanh cdng ndu Dang td chQe<br />
Quang Khanh ldm Chii tieh.<br />
dQpc Mat trdn dan tpc thdng n h i t manh<br />
Den day cupc vdn dpng each mang giai me, doan kdt dQpc moi iQc iQpng yeu nQdc<br />
phdng dan tpc, thdnh lap ehinh quyen each xung quanh minh.<br />
<br />
<br />
CHU THtCH<br />
(1). Ban Nghien ciiu Ljch sii Dang Trung Udng, (7). Vi^n hch sd Dang, Lich sd cdch mgng<br />
Vdn kiin Ddng 1930 - 1945, tfip III, Nxb. Si^ th$t. thdng Tdm 1945. Nxb. Chinh trj quoc gia, Hfi Npi,<br />
Ha N$i, 1977, tr. 448. 1995, tr. 83.<br />
(2), (8), (12), (13). Ban chfi'p hfinh Dang bp tinh<br />
(9), (10). Lien dofin Lao d^ng tinh Binh Djnh,<br />
Binh Dinh (1990), Lich sdDdng 6(5 tinh Binh Dinh<br />
Lich sd cdng dodn vd phong trdo cdng nhdn lao<br />
(1930-1945), T^p 1, tr. 126, 132, 138, 139.<br />
ddng tinh Binh Dinh (1930 - 1975), Nxb. Binh<br />
(3). Ban chfi'p hfinh Dang bO huy$n Hoai Nhdn Djnh, 1992, tr. 36, 38.<br />
(1986), Lich sd Ddng 6