Về sự phục hồi các giá trị truyền thống làng xã

VESV PHU CHOI<br /> CAC CIA TRI TRUYEN THONG L A N C XA<br /> <br /> D 6 DANH HUAN*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. D a t v a n de 3 cac dia phadng khong quan tam den viec<br /> td chQc, phuc hdi cac hinh thQc sinh hoat<br /> Do bat ngudn tQ nhieu nguyen nhan<br /> van hda va tfn ngadng dan gian, trong dd<br /> khac nhau ciia ljch sQ de lai, da cd mpt<br /> cd cac le hpi truyen thoiig tai cac lang xa d<br /> thdi, chiing ta chaa chu y nhieu de'n van<br /> ndng thdn nadc ta" (2). H$ qua dd, khien<br /> hda - de'n nhQng gia trj truyen thd'ng cua<br /> cho nhieu gia tri truyen thdng bi phai nhat,<br /> lang xa. Thyc te la, cac gia trj truyen thdng<br /> lang quen, nhieu di tfch dinh, chua cd gia<br /> nhQ: dinh, chua, den, mieu, nha thd ddng<br /> tri ve ljch sii, tdn giao va nghe thuat bj m i t<br /> hp, le hpi, dinh dam, tap tuc... ft dapc quan<br /> h i n , gid day chi cdn iQu l^i trong k^ Qc dan<br /> tam, duy tri va phat huy, vi bj xem la me<br /> lang.<br /> tfn dj doan. Tai nhieu lang xa, vung ndng<br /> thdn, dinh, chua, van chi, nha thd hg bj pha Cdng cupc Doi mdi cua da't nQdc b i t d i u<br /> huy de lay gd, gach, ngdi xay dyng tradng tien hanh tQ sau Dai hpi Dang toan quoc<br /> hgc va cac cdng trinh cdng egng, hoac bj l i n thQ VI (1986). Vdi myc tieu phat trien<br /> thay ddi chQc nang, n h a dinh chua chuyen kinh te, xa hgi, dQa d i t nadc ra khdi nhQng<br /> thanh nha kho, hgi tradng cua hpp tac xa. khd khan, khac phuc tinh trang trt tr^, lac<br /> Thyc te dd, tao nen mdt giai doan chim hau ve kinh te va van hda. O gdc dg kinh<br /> xud'ng ciia van hda lang. Nhieu nha nghien te, lang xa truyen thd'ng dapc trd ve vdi<br /> cQu da cd chung y kien khi nhin nhan mgt dung ban c h i t la nen kinh te hg gia dinh<br /> giai doan ljch sii cua van hda lang nha vQa tieu ndng, b i n g vigc thQa nhan md hinh<br /> neu tren: 'T)inh chua, mieu mao, cay cd thy kinh te hg gia dinh (3) d ndng thdn, cd nha<br /> quanh chung bj pha bo, chat ha, tham chf nghien cQu ggi dd la hien tapng phuc hdi<br /> ciu quan d ben dadng hay giQa canh ddng lang tieu ndng (4). Luc nay, md hinh hpp<br /> de ngadi dan tranh ning, tranh maa cung tac xa - san xua't tap the khdng cdn phu<br /> khdng cdn. Dinh chua nao sdt lai thi dapc hpp cho phat trien kinh te - van hoa lang<br /> diing lam kho, lam lam, long ngai, bai vj, cd xa, ma hp gia dinh da trd thanh tac nhan<br /> xf, tapng phat vung vai k h i p ndi" (1). Va quan trpng doi vdi sy phat trien kinh te -<br /> "Do nen kinh te bj chie'n tranh tan pha xa hpi d ndng thdn (5).<br /> nang ne, do Nha nadc v i n tiep tuc duy tri<br /> Tiep theo dd. Dang va Nha nQdc da c6<br /> cd che quan lieu bao cap, d i n den tinh<br /> nhieu chfnh sach quan tam tdi vi$c xay<br /> trang ye'u kdm ve kinh te [...]. Trong bdi<br /> dyng va gin giQ ban sic van hda dan tpc,<br /> canh dd, nhieu ngadi lam cdng tac quan ly<br /> day cung dQdc coi la ddng lyc quan trpng<br /> <br /> <br /> ' Vign SQ hgc<br /> vi SII phuc hgi cbc gia hi... 37<br /> <br /> trong viec phuc hdi cac gia trj truyen thdng Nha mdt nhu ciu tam linh tat ye'u hay<br /> lang xa, dd la nhQng van ban mang tfnh mgt sy ddi hdi ve can bing tin ngudng,<br /> phap 1^ cao (6). Dac bipt, phai ke tdi Nghj niem tin trong cugc sdng, trade kia, dinh,<br /> quyet Hpi nghj Trung adng 5 Khoa VIH, ve chua, quan mieu bj pha huy, thi ngay nay<br /> xay dyng va phat trien nen van hoa Viet dan lang lai cd nhu cau khdi phuc, xay<br /> Nam tien tien va dam da ban sic dan tpc, dyng lai. O day, khdng cd sy tQ chdi hay<br /> Nghj quyet da neu rd: "Ke thQa va phat thieu nhiet tinh, khi ma chfnh quyen dja<br /> huy cac gia trj tinh t h i n , dao dQc va t h i m phadng, cac cu phy lao, hay cac doan the<br /> my, cac di san van hda, nghe thuat cua dan deu chung y kie'n ban bac khdi phuc, dyng<br /> tgc. Bao tdn va tdn tao cac di tfch hch sii, lai dinh chiia lang minh. Nhieu khi, dd cdn<br /> van hda va danh lam t h i n g canh cua dat la mdt dgng lyc tQ qua khQ thdi thuc, thdng<br /> nadc [...]. Di san van hda la tai san vd gia, qua ky Qc ve ngdi dinh, chua lang minh to<br /> gin ket cdng ddng dan tdc, la cdt ldi ciia va dep, be the nha't xa, nhat vung hay cao<br /> ban sic dan tgc 1...]. Het sQc coi trgng bao hdn la mdt nhu ciu ve tam linh, ve the hien<br /> tdn, ke thQa, phat huy nhQng gia tri van vai trd ca nhan trade cdng ddng (dapc ra<br /> hda truyen thd'ng (bac hpc va dan gian), dinh, chua tham gia vao cac cdng viec cua<br /> van hda each mang, bao gdm ca van hda vat hang thdn, hang xdm la mdt vinh dy ctia<br /> the va phi vat the" (7). Nha vay, van hda mdi ca nhan trong lang)... Do vay, viec lam<br /> vQa la nen tang, vQa la dpng lyc cho phat dd trade het dQpc ddng dao nhan dan trong<br /> trien kinh te - xa hgi. thdn xdm ddng long. Qua trinh khao sat<br /> tren binh dien nhieu lang d vung chau thd<br /> Chie'n lapc xay dyng nen van hoa dan<br /> Bic Bg, chung tdi da nhan thiy viec xay<br /> tpc cua Dang va Nha nadc da md dadng cho<br /> mdi cac cd sd tdn giao, tfn ngQdng la mdt<br /> sy phuc hdi manh me van hda lang tren<br /> hien tapng dang diln ra phd bien trong xa<br /> nhieu phadng dien nha: dinh, chua dapc<br /> hgi ndng thdn hipn nay.<br /> trung tu va xay mdi, ll hpi dapc td chQc lai,<br /> sinh ho^t ddng hp dapc tai sinh, cac thiet Trong nghien cQu cua John Kleinen cho<br /> che truyen thd'ng lang xa nha hadng adc tha'y: 'TQ thang 3 nam 1992, hgi ngadi cao<br /> cung cd xu hadng phuc hdi trd lai: 'TQ quan tudi da dapc giao trach nhiem trung tu lai<br /> diem van hda xa hdi, chung ta dang chQng dinh vdi mpt ban chip hanh mdi thadng<br /> kien sy xay dyng lai truyen thd'ng ndng xuyen hpp d phdng tie'p khach cua dinh.<br /> thon Viet Nam va cd che truyen thd'ng diiOc Muc dich la de trung tu lai dinh thanh mdt<br /> sdng tgo ddng vai trd chu ehdt, hay nen ndi ndi thd cung quan trpng nha't nha xaa"<br /> la sii tdi cdu true vdn hda dia phUOng" (8). (10). Dd la nhQng gi da diln ra d lang Td,<br /> Lang xa va ndng thdn ddi mdi, trong huyen Hoai DQc. Tai lang La Phu cung<br /> khoang hdn 20 nam qua, chung ta da dapc huyen, tQ Ddi mdi den nay, kinh te cua<br /> tan mat nhin t h i y sy thay ddi dien mao lang cd p h i n kha gia, vdi sy phat trien cua<br /> ciia ndng thdn truyen thd'ng tren cac linh nghe thii cdng nghiep, tren nen tang dd,<br /> vyc kinh te, van hoa va xa hgi. dan lang da tie'n hanh xay mdi lai chua.<br /> Vao tham chQa Trung Hang, chung tdi<br /> 2. S\i p h u c hoi (9) c a c gia t r i t r u y e n<br /> thiy tQ tapng Phat, cau ddi, hoanh phi va<br /> thong l a n g xa<br /> chudng, trd'ng deu la nhQng dd thd tQ mdi.<br /> Phuc di/ng dinh, chiia, den, mieu vd xu Sau khi cdng trinh xay xong, dan lang da<br /> hudng hUng cdng mdi dyng hai van bia khic tren hai mat iQu ten<br /> 38 Rghien cuu Lich sit, sg 2.2010<br /> <br /> nhQng vj hang cdng (tat ca cac mat bia deu hut khach hanh hadng vao djp d i u Xuan.<br /> khic bang chQ Qudc ngQ Trung Hiing tii bia Tai Phu, cd nhieu cau doi hoanh phi dapc<br /> cdng ddc ton tgo). Chiing tdi da thdng ke cung tie'n bdi khach thap phQdng. Dang<br /> tren bdn mat cua hai van bia, ke't qua cho quan tam hdn, tai khu nha bia d ben trai<br /> tha'y: Cd t i t ca 1.923 tfn chu va tdng sdtien ciia Phu, vdi so' iQpng len tdi ba, bdn mQdi<br /> ddng gdp la 469.624.000 ddng (11). NhQng chiec, dapc g i n trye tie'p vao tadng nha,<br /> con so' tren khdng chi ndi len sinh hoat van chdng xep len nhau. Vi le do, ban quan ly<br /> hoa, tin ngadng trong lang xa ngay nay di tfch da phai xay rieng mpt nha bia de<br /> dang phat trien manh me, ma cdn cho t h i y lau ten cac tfn chu h a n g cdng cua thdi hipn<br /> dang d i p cua tuc gdi hau, tuc ciing rupng, dai. Trade dd, d phfa ngoai Phii da cd hai<br /> Cling tien vao dinh chua ma ta v i n thQdng khu nha bia ddi nhau dQpc xay d\lng tit<br /> tha'y trong xa hpi Viet Nam cd truyen. xaa, trong dd k h i c ghi ten cac vi hang cdng<br /> Cung tai lang La Phu, van chi cua lang tien cua (rudng) vao xay, tu siia Phii (cac<br /> dapc phuc dyng lai vao nam 1995, trade van bia cd nien dai chii yeu la thdi<br /> khi khac ghi ten va tien ddng gdp ciia cac Nguyin). Thdng qua chpn mau mpt vai van<br /> tfn chu vao van bia, dan lang da cho soan bia, chung tdi da thu dapc ngudn thdng tin<br /> mpt doan minh van: Vdn chi xd ta dUOc td kha phong phu. Khach thap phadng cdng<br /> tien tgo diing vdo khodng gida the ky, de'n dQc vdi d i y du cac thanh p h i n va que quan<br /> nay dd hii hong. Nay iiy ban nhdn ddn xd khac nhau, tQ ca dan dja phadng quanh<br /> La Phil, huyen Hoai Diic, tinh Hd Tdy phdt vung, cac tinh thanh mien Bic, de'n mien<br /> tdm cdng diic triing tu lgi. Tren van bia, Trung, Tay Nguyen va Nam Bp, cu the nha<br /> chung tdi da thd'ng ke dapc n h a sau: Cd sau:<br /> tdng sd 301 ngadi va 1 td chQc (UBND xa) Van bia thQ nhat k h i c ghi cac tfn chii<br /> hang cdng tien, cua vao xay dyng van chi, tai thdn Tien Hadng, xa Kim Thai, huypn<br /> vdi tdng so tien la 21. 820.000 ddng (12). Vy Ban cdng dQc nam 2006 (dja phQdng ndi<br /> Van chi la ndi thd dng td cua dao Nho va cd Phii Giay), vdi tdng sd tfn chii la 30,<br /> cac vj dang khoa cua lang, nhang dieu gay trong dd, chie'm sd ddng la hp T r i n , cd 1 tfn<br /> sy chu y ddi vdi chung tdi la, trong van bia chu que d Hda Binh va 1 tin chii que d Binh<br /> nay cd khac ghi ten mpt vai chu hang cdng Dadng. Trong 30 tfn chu ncv tren, cd 5 dai<br /> ngadi lang cd dja vj va chQc sic trong xa dien cua cac nhdm xa hpi la: Ch* no chfnh<br /> hdi, nha: tie'n si, thac si, ca nhan, da va quyen, Hdi cau chien binh, Chi hpi ngQdi<br /> dang cdng tac d nhieu ddn vj, cd quan khac cao tudi, Hpi phy nQ va Ban mat tran. MQc<br /> nhau. tien cdng dQc phd bien la 100.000 ddng,<br /> Tai Phu Giay huypn Vu Ban, tinh Nam tdng sd tien trong van bia nay la 3.500.000<br /> Djnh, la mdt ll hgi cd sQc thu hut ddng dao dong va khdng cd ai cung tie'n b i n g hipn<br /> khach thap phadng trong ca nadc. Ll hdi vat.<br /> da vapt khdi khdng gian vung va trd thanh Van bia thQ hai cd ten Bia cdng ddc<br /> ll hdi cd tam anh hadng sau trong tam thQc ndm 2006, k h i c ghi ten cac tfn chu cd que<br /> cua nhan dan ca nadc. Tuy khdng phai la thupc cac tinh phfa Bic va cac tinh phfa<br /> mgt ndi dapc trung tu hay xay mdi, nhang Nam, cu the: cac tinh phfa Bic cd 39 tfn<br /> vdi nhu ciu cua ddi sd'ng tam linh hien nay, chu, da cdng dQc tdng sd tien 25.000.000<br /> Phu Giay dapc xem n h a mdt trung tam thu ddng, cac tfn chu nay de'n tQ cac tinh: Ninh<br /> vi SII phuc h6i etc gii fri... 39<br /> <br /> Binh, Thai Binh, Thanh Hda, Bic Ninh, san kho cua hdp tac xa ngay xaa. Qua trinh<br /> Bic Giang, Quang Ninh, Hai Phdng, Lao xay dyng dinh, da cd sy tham gia ddng gdp<br /> Cai, Hang Yen, Ha Tay (cu), va mdt sdViet cua nhieu gia dinh trong thdn va cac khach<br /> kieu tQ Canada, Anh qud'c, tJc va Lien bang thap phadng, khi xay xong, nhan dan cung<br /> DQc. Cac tinh phfa Nam cd 11 tfn chii, dyng 6 van bia khac ghi ten cac tin chii<br /> thudc cac tinh: Dac Lie, Vinh Long, Ben hang cdng. Theo thd'ng ke ciia ban xay<br /> Tre va Thanh phd' Hd Chf Minh, hg da hao dyng, ngdi dinh dapc hoan thanh vdi tdng<br /> tam vdi tdng so' tien la 13.500.000 ddng. chi phf hdn 3 ty ddng.<br /> Trong van bia nay, chung tdi thay mQc Cung tai thdn Ddng But, trade tinh hinh<br /> ddng gdp phd bien va t h i p n h i t la 500.000 ngdi den Ddng Linh bj xud'ng cip, dan lang<br /> ddng, mQc cao n h i t la 3.500.000 ddng. da cho trung tu hoan toan vao nam 2007,<br /> Van bia thQ ba cd ten Bia cong diic ndm dieu nay xuat phat tQ nguypn vgng cQa<br /> 2006 khu viic Hd Ngi, khic ghi cac tfn chu nhan dan trong thdn xdm, mudn cd mdt ndi<br /> d khu vyc Ha Ngi, vdi 49 tfn chu thudc cac sinh hoat tam linh khang trang vao cac<br /> quan, huyen ciia Thanh phd Ha Ngi nha: ngay ll tiet trong nam. Va sau khi trung tu<br /> Cau Gia'y, Ddng Anh, Thanh Xuan, Hoan xong, dan lang lai cho dyng bdn van bia<br /> Kie'm, Ddng Da, Ba Dinh, Tay Hd... va khac ghi ldng hao tam cua cac ca nhan<br /> nhQng ten so' nha, dadng phd'cu the. Trong cung hang cdng. Trong bdn mat bia, cd tdng<br /> 49 tfn chu, cd nhieu mQc thien tam khac sd' 357 tfn chu va tdng so' tien hang cdng la<br /> nhau, nhang phd bien va t h i p n h i t la 94.666.000 ddng. Ngoai viec hung cdng<br /> 500.000 ddng, cao n h i t la 18.000.000 ddng. bang tien, dan lang cdn nhan dapc sy cung<br /> Tdng so' tien trong van bia thd'ng ke dapc la tien bing hien vat (14). Dac biet, cd tfn chii<br /> 84.700.000 ddng. Nguyin Huy Chuyen, que gdc thon Ddng<br /> van bia thQ ta (13), khic ghi ten 150 tfn Byt, hipn nay dang sinh sd'ng va lam vipc<br /> chii que tQ hai tinh Hai Phdng va Quang tai Thj xa Xuan Mai cung tien (15) vdi tdng<br /> Ninh, trong dd Quang Ninh cd 97 va Hai trj gia 22.000.000 ddng. Trong nhieu van<br /> Phdng la 53. Tdng sd' tien trong van bia la bia dyng dadi thdi Le, thdi Nguyin, npi<br /> 20.800.000 ddng, mQc ddng gdp phd bie'n la dung phan anh ddi sd'ng sinh boat trong<br /> 100.000 ddng. lang xa cd truyen, chung ta cung thiy<br /> "hinh anh" nhQng tQ gia giau cd da cung<br /> Cung vdi Phii Giay, tai nhieu dja<br /> tien cua vao xay dyng dinh, chua lang, vdi<br /> phadng khac d vQng chau thd Bac Bp cung<br /> tdng trj gia hang tram quan tien, hang<br /> cd nhQng boat dpng tadng ty. Tai lang<br /> chye m i u rudng (16).<br /> Ddng Byt, xa Ngpc Lipp, huypn Qudc Oai,<br /> Ha Npi, vao khoang nhQng nam 60 the ky Dan lang Tam Sdn (TQ Sdn, Bic Ninh),<br /> XX, ngdi dinh lang sau mdt thdi gian dapc da ddng gdp tien de tu tao tam quan chua<br /> sQ dyng lam tradng hpc cung da bj thao dd lang. Trong van bia ghi cdng dQc nam 2000,<br /> de la'y nguyen vat lieu xay cac cdng trinh cd 14 tin chu d Ha Ndi, Thanh phd Hd Chf<br /> cdng cpng. Nhang den nam 2004, dan lang Minh, va xa Tadng Giang, huyen TQ Sdn...<br /> da hpp ban cin phai phuc dyng lai, vi tri da ddng gdp tdng sd tien 22.774.000 ddng.<br /> xay dyng khdng phai tai dja diem cu (dja Mgt bang cdng dQc khac cua chua, ghi ten<br /> diem cu gin vdi chua, ngay nay nhan dan 73 tfn chu cdng dQc tapng phat, ngoai<br /> da xay nha d), ma dinh dapc xay tren nen nhQng tfn cha tai cac xdm d dja phQdng<br /> 40 Rghi&n cihi Ljch sit. s6 2.2010<br /> <br /> nhQ: xdm Nui, xdm Trade, xdm Tay, xdm 0, ve kinh te, ddi sdng xa hpi len cao, le hdi<br /> xdm Xanh chie'm da sd, thi ben canh dd cdn vung que ddi mdi cung dang dQpc phyc hdi<br /> cd cac tin chu tQ Ha Ngi (26 tfn chu), Hai n h i m dap Qng nhu c i u ciia nhan dan. 0<br /> Phdng, Bic Giang, Lang Sdn... tdng sdtien vung chau thd Bic Bg, h i u nhQ dja phadng<br /> ddng gdp la 13.590.000 ddng. nao l l hdi cung dapc td chQc lai: 'TQ nhQng<br /> Trong mgt nghien tren Tap chf Xd hgi nam d i u cua thap nien 80 de'n nay, d nQdc<br /> hgc, tac gia Le Manh Nam da neu ra mgt sd ta, nha't la d vung ddng b i n g Bic Bd, l l hpi<br /> lang xa ngoai thanh Ha Ngi cung cd xu cd truyen dapc phuc hdi va phat trien r i t<br /> hadng bao tdn va phat huy cac gia trj nhanh chdng. Nhieu ngadi coi day la sy<br /> truyen thdng, n h a cac lang chiing tdi vQa biing nd ve l l hpi" (19). Nha nghien cQu<br /> neu tren: "xa Bat Trang, huyen Gia Lam, Nguyin Quang Le, trong cdng trinh tim<br /> Ha Ngi da trung tu hai ngdi dinh va hai hieu ve le hpi d vung chau thd Bic Bp (20)<br /> ngdi chua vao cac nam 1992, 1997 va 2001 da cho biet, l l hdi mdi dapc tai lap tQ<br /> vdi tdng mQc kinh phi la 790 tripu ddng nhQng nam sau Doi mdi de'n nay, trong dd<br /> cd nhQng l l hpi ldn mang t i m qudc gia hay<br /> [...]. Xa Thanh Liet, huypn Thanh Tri, Ha<br /> l l hdi cua mpt vung rpng ldn cung chi mdi<br /> Npi trung tu ba ngdi dinh va ba ngdi chua<br /> dapc phyc hdi.<br /> vao nam 2001 va 2002 vdi tdng sd'kinh phf<br /> 3 ty 60 trieu ddng" (17). L l hpi den Hiing (Phong Chau, Phu<br /> Thp) chfnh hgi diln ra vao ngay 10-3, day<br /> TQ ket qua nghien cQu le bau hau ciia<br /> la mgt le hgi mang t i m qudc gia, mac du<br /> ngadi Viet qua ta lieu van bia, tac gia<br /> vay nd mdi chi dapc khdi phyc thyc sy vao<br /> Pham Thj Thuy Vinh cho biet: "Vi sao lai<br /> khoang nhQng nam 90 (the ky XX). Trade<br /> cd tinh trang bung nd van bia d giai doan<br /> tien, b i n g vipc phuc hdi cac dam radc ciia<br /> sau the' ky 16 nha vay? Dd chfnh la do nhu<br /> cac ll hpi thudc cac lang xa ven den Hung<br /> ciu phat trien cua lang xa ngay cang cao<br /> vdi diy du cac trd diln xadng tQ xa xQa<br /> va phQc tap hdn, chinh dieu nay gin lien<br /> n h a radc kieu, h a t xoan, chdi cd tadng. Cho<br /> vdi sQ nay sinh lp b i u hau. B i u hau cang<br /> de'n hdm nay, Den Hung da trd thanh quoc<br /> nhieu cang cd nhieu bia da dapc dyng len d<br /> ll va khdng ngQng dapc bao tdn va phat<br /> cac lang que" (18). Van bia xaa cung n h a<br /> huy tren nhieu phadng dien.<br /> nay chi phan anh mpt p h i n nao sic thai<br /> L l hdi den Da Hda (Khoai Chau, Hang<br /> ddi sd'ng xdm lang, ma ben canh dd, tai<br /> Yen), diln ra tQ ngay 10-12 thang 2, ll hpi<br /> dinh, chua, mieu va quan... cdn diln ra<br /> bat d i u dapc td chQc sinh hoat lai vao d i u<br /> nhieu ndt sinh hoat van hda sdng ddng hdn.<br /> nhQng nam 90 (the ky XX). Chfnh quyen dja<br /> Phuc hdi le hgi<br /> phadng va nhan dan cung tham gia hadng<br /> Cung vdi qua trinh phuc dyng lai dinh, Qng, nhan dan cac lang thupc xa Ml Sd va<br /> chua, nhQng sinh hoat le hdi cung dQdc tai Binh Minh, huyen Khoai Chau, hang hai<br /> lap theo. TQ xQa tdi nay, trong sinh hoat chuin bj mpi cdng viec tQ l l phyc, tap dapt,<br /> van hda cd truyen lang xa, le hpi la mgt siia sang ndi te ty. Tai ndi cd den Da Hda<br /> khdng gian cdng cam, cdng tinh va cdng thd Chii Ddng Tii va Tien Dung, nhan dan<br /> menh cua ddng dao nhan dan trong lang, da chuan bj chu dao cac dd te ll, phan cdng<br /> diln tradng cua le hdi khdng dau xa, dd la cac ban phy trach tQng cdng vipc cy the.<br /> khdng gian g i n vdi dinh, chua. Chinh vi ly L l hpi den Va (Sdn Tay, Ha Npi). Mua<br /> do dd, ngay nay trong sy phat trien manh Xuan, le hpi dapc to' chQc vao ngay 15<br /> vi SII phuc h6i c6c gi6 trt... 41<br /> <br /> thang Gieng, mQa Thu vao ngay Rim Khoang hai nam sau, cac cu ty te liy,<br /> thang 9. Ban d i u la vipc xay dyng va tu nhang trang phyc te cung phai di thue.<br /> sQa lai cac hang myc di tfch da ha hdng, De'n ngay nay, trang phyc te va cac dd te ty<br /> sau dd hoat dpng l l hpi cung dapc long dapc chuin bj diy dii, khdng nhQng ll hpi<br /> ghdp theo. Tdi ngay nay, cung vdi q u i n the dapc td chQc djnh ky 2 nam mpt lan, hdn<br /> di tfch xung quanh Thj xa Sdn Tay, den Va the, cac cy da hQdng d i n cho nhQng ngadi d<br /> khdng chi la mpt sinh hoat l l hdi t h u i n dp tudi 50 tham gia vao dpi hinh te de lam<br /> tuy, ben canh dd cdn la mpt diem du ljch the he ke'can.<br /> tam linh trong chudi tham quan cac di tfch Tai Ha Npi, cac lang xa ven dd trong<br /> va danh t h i n g cua xQ Doai xQa. nhQng nam vQa qua cung chQng kie'n sy trd<br /> Ll hpi Den Dd lang Dinh Bang (TQ Sdn, lai cua sinh hoat le hdi mpt each nhanh<br /> Bic Ninh), thd cac vua trieu L^. Vdi kha chdng, lang nao, xa nao cung neu cao van<br /> nang budn ban va san x u i t nhieu nghe, hda truyen thdng cua minh, khing djnh be<br /> day cung la mpt lang cd bade phat trien day ljch sQ ciia que hQdng, Giao sa Phan<br /> manh ve kinh te ke tQ sau Ddi mdi (1986). Huy Le trong cdng trinh nghien cQu ciia<br /> TQ dieu kipn kinh te phat trien, dan lang da minh da viet: "Dd la xu hadng phuc hdi cac<br /> bade diu quan tam de'n ddi sdng tam linh. ll hpi truyen thd'ng phd bien khip ca nadc.<br /> Trong lang, da cd nhieu tfn chii hao tam Rieng tai vung ngoai d Ha Npi, nam nay<br /> cdng dQc mpt lapng ldn tien cua vao triing tu tfnh ra cd den hdn 400 ll hgi" (22). Mgt ^<br /> cac di tfch trong lang: "Cung vdi vipc khdi kie'n khac cung cho ring: h i u het cac tinh d<br /> dyng lai den Dd va sau dd la hang loat cac di ddng bang va trung du Bic Bd, Trung Bg<br /> tfch khac trong lang thi ll hpi cung dapc deu khdi phyc cac sinh hoat van hda truyen<br /> dyng lai va tang bQng d k h i p cac di tfch. thdng nha cac le hgi mQng xuan, le hgi<br /> Ngay 7 thang Gieng ll hpi chua Cd Phap, dapc mua, ll hpi tadng nhd cac danh<br /> hpi chQa Kim Dai dapc td chQc vao ngay 9 nhan... Nhieu hinh thQc van nghp dan gian<br /> thang Gieng, ngay 12 thang Gieng la hpi cung dapc phyc hdi nha hat quan hg, hat<br /> chQa Gid, ngay Rim thang 2 la hpi dinh, vf, hat ddi trQ tinh d Thanh Hda (23).<br /> Rim thang 3 la hpi den Dd, ngay 23 thang 9 NhQng bieu hien tren, nha mdt ddng chay<br /> la hdi den Rdng tadng niem ngay hda cua L^ hadng ve cgi ngudn, truyen thdng, liy dd<br /> Chieu Hoang" (21). Thdi gian diu, khi mdi lam ddng lyc cho hipn tai va tadng lai.<br /> phyc dyng lai ll hpi, cac trang thie't bj phyc<br /> Phuc hdi cdc sinh hogt ddng hg<br /> vy te ll, md hpi cdn chaa dapc diy dii. Ve<br /> Ngay nay, sinh hoat ddng hg trong lang<br /> sau, hp da cdng dQc cac dd te, rQdc nha:<br /> xa cung dang tQng bade dapc phyc hgi,<br /> kipu, hadng an, voi, ngya, te'khf.<br /> nhieu hoat dgng nha: xay mdi tQ dadng,<br /> Hpi chua Thien sa lang Ddng Byt (Qudc djch, sao chdp gia pha, v i n td tim tdng,<br /> Oai, Ha Npi) gin lien vdi viec thd DQc chip noi cac chi canh, xay dyng mg td hoac<br /> thanh TQ Dao H^nh, le hpi dapc td chQc thanh lap ban lien lac ddng hg va td chQc le<br /> vao ngay 10-3. Sau nhieu nam bj gian ky niem cac danh nhan ddng hg cd cdng vdi<br /> doan, trong nhQng nam 90 (the ky XX), ll lang vdi ljch sv( dan tgc dang diln ra d<br /> hpi cung dapc phyc hdi. Thdi gian diu, cac nhieu ndi. Khi dieu kien kinh te kha len,<br /> cy trong lang khdi phyc lai ll te thanh, nhu ciu dapc doan ty, td tadng gdc tich da<br /> nhang phai di thue dpi te d thon khac. thdi thuc ngadi ta cin quan tam hdn nQa<br /> 42 Rghi&i cuu Ljch stir, sg 2.2010<br /> <br /> tdi ngudn cdi cua minh. Dd la cd sd de ddng day va lam chuan myc cho mgi ngQdi noi<br /> hp ngay nay d ndng thdn trd ve vdi nhQng theo. Sau khi soan thao xong, ban tpc Qdc<br /> gia trj truyen thd'ng vd'n cd, dieu nay cQng da ghi ten ciia 48 cu trong hp ddng y vdi npi<br /> dapc xem la mpt hipn tapng dang quan tam dung soan thao. Hdn nQa, qua ke't qua<br /> trong xa hdi ndng thdn hien nay. khao sat cua chung tdi cho tha'y, trong 8<br /> Khao sat thyc te tai long HQu Bing ddng hp thi cd 6 ddng hp xay mdi tQ dadng,<br /> (Thach That, Ha Npi) cho thay, cac sinh cu the: hp Nguyin HQu xay mdi nam 1997,<br /> boat neu tren dien ra rat- manh. Nhieu hp Nguyin Dinh (2002). hp Vu HQu (2001),<br /> ddng hp xQa kia khdng cd tQ dadng, nay hp Nguyin Duy (2002), hp Nguyin Van<br /> trade xu the chung cua lang, ngadi ta da (2002), hp Nguyin Dinh (2004), va hai ddng<br /> ban nhau va thd'ng nhat chpn mdt khu da't hp cd tQ dadng tQ xaa la hp Phan Lac va hp<br /> xay ndi thd ty mdi de thoa man nhu cau Nguyen (xdm Chua Giap).<br /> cua con chau mud'n dapc phung thd td tien. Tren da't Thai Binh, nhieu ddng hp da<br /> Ddng hg Vu (24), xdm Vadn Ban mdi xay lap ra ban lien lac de lay dd iam cd sd cd'<br /> dyng tQ dadng nam 2001 sau kbi lap mgt ke't cac ddng tdc d nhieu ndi cd nhu can van<br /> cai ao vdi dien tfch 1 sao 10 thadc do mgt td t i m tdng hay td chQc cac sinh hoat khac:<br /> ngadi trong hg hiem con dem hau. Kinh phf "35 xa cua huyen Tien Hai vdi 134 chi hp<br /> danh cho viec xay dyng dagc c i t bd tdi tQng Pham da ve hpi ty d tQ dQdng Pham Dinh<br /> thanh vien hay theo hd gia dinh trong ddng SI xa Van Tradng de te td va hpi thao" (25).<br /> hg, den khi xay xong, cac con chau xa gin Tai huyen Kien Xadng-Thai Binh ddng hp<br /> da cung tien nhieu dd thd ty vao tQ dadng Pham da td chQc ra hgi ddng ddng tdc, vdi<br /> nhQ: hoanh phi, cau ddi, ban thd... Hoan sy cd mat cua cac chi hg Pham d 40 xa, thi<br /> thien khu thd ty vdi cac hang muc n h a tam tran. Tai cudc gap mat nay, cac dai bieu da<br /> quan, san, gieng, be nadc, hdn non bg... adc thdng nha't y kien ve viec lien ke't ddng hp,<br /> tinh kinh phf khoang 500 trieu. Thang 6 ndi ket gia pha, tpc pha. Trong mpt nghien<br /> nam 2005, ddng hg Nguyen Duy, dng tpc cQu ve ddng hp Pham d Thai Binh, tac gia<br /> tradng da cho djch gia pha chQ Han sang Pham Xuan Dao cho biet tQ nam 1997 de'n<br /> chQ Qudc ngQ, sau dd dem phd bien cho cac nam 1999, ddng hp nay da cd ba cupc gap<br /> canh, chi va nhQng gia dinh chu ehdt trong mat, vdi hdn 1.000 dai bieu dai dien cho<br /> hp. Nhieu ddng hp tai HQu Bing, ngoai viec 427 chi, phai d 91/285 xa cua tinh tham dy.<br /> sao chdp, djch gia pha td tien, thi cdn sd do Sau khi budi gap mat ke't thuc, ddng hp da<br /> hoa (nha mpt dang tdng dd) cac ddi tQ cu b i u ra ban lien lac, ban tha ky lam cd sd<br /> thuy td tdi cac chi, canh tradng ngay nay va cho cac hoat dgng khac (26). Tren quy md<br /> treo tai tQ dadng lam gadng cho con chau cap tinh, ddng hg Ngd d Thai Binh da td<br /> soi vao ma biet dapc ngudn gdc, the thQ ciia<br /> chQc hgp mat vao ngay gid Ngd Quyen.<br /> td tdng, dd la cac ddng hp Nguyin Duy,<br /> Nam 1995, ddng hg Pham d lang Phu<br /> Nguyin Van, Nguyin Dinh. Ddng hp Phan<br /> Ll, xa Ty Tan, huyen Vu Tha, tinh Thai<br /> Lac, ngoai viec tim dQdc cpi ngudn thdng<br /> Binh da soan ra ban quy adc cd ten Khuye'n<br /> qua chap ndi gia pha cd ngudn gd'c tQ huyen<br /> hgc vd gin giU gia phong Tien-Hiing nhd<br /> Thanh Liem-tinh Ha Nam len HQu Bing<br /> dyng nghiep, thi trong hg da bien soan lai Phgm, bao gdm 20 dieu, chia thanh 5 myc,<br /> gia pha, ddng thdi ban ra tgc Qdc mdi cd ten vdi cac ngi dung: - Ve khuye'n hpc; - Ve giQ<br /> ggi Tgc Udc hg Phan Lge, vdi 8 dieu de ran gin gia phong; - Lap quy khuyen hpc; - Ve<br /> hpi ddng gia tpc; - Dieu khoan cudi cung.<br /> vi su phuc hgi etc gi6 hi. 43<br /> <br /> Ddng hp Vu (Vo) Viet Nam (trong dd liy bing viec phyc hdi cac gia trj truyen thdng:<br /> hg Vu d Mp Trach-Binh Giang-Hai Dadng "d tQng ddng hg, cac nha thd hg, mieu hg<br /> lam ndng cdt va coi day la ndi hanh hadng hoac ndi thd ty td hg dapc tning tu hoac<br /> ve cpi ngudn), trong nhiing nam qua da cd xay mdi. Song song vdi vipc xay mdi, sua<br /> nhieu hoat dpng vinh danh cac nhan vat cd chQa, tu bd, giQ gin nha thd hp, mieu hp,<br /> cdng vdi Hch sii dan tgc va td chQc nhieu cac sinh hoat hp nhQ gid hp, viet gia pha,<br /> cugc gap mat, ket ndi cac chi nhanh d nhieu ddng gdp quy hp... cung trd nen sdi ndi va<br /> ndi tren mgi mien d i t nadc thdng qua ban trd thanh sinh hoat thadng xuyen va ngay<br /> lien lac ddng hg Vu (27). cang cd y nghia trong cudc sd'ng cua dan<br /> Tai lang Tam Sdn (TQ Sdn, Bic Ninh), lang. 0 pham vi ddng hp va ca tQng gia<br /> cac ddng hg Ngd (cd 8 ddng hg Ngd khac dinh trong cac lang nhQng nam gin day,<br /> nhau) da cd nhieu vipc lam, bieu hien ro vipc quy tap va xay md ma cung dapc quan<br /> tinh t h i n hadng ve cgi ngudn va tran trgng tam hdn nhieu" (29).<br /> nhQng gia trj van hoa cd xaa. Hg Ngd Sach Phuc hoi hUOng Udc<br /> lap quy khuye'n hgc vao nam 2005 dya tren Hadng adc tQ xaa tdi nay van dapc coi la<br /> tinh t h i n ung hg ddng gdp cua cac con chau mpt thiet che quan ly lang xa. Trong ljch<br /> trong ddng tgc. Hg Ngd Gia ciing da gay sQ, chung ta da cd hadng adc cd truyen, ra<br /> dapc quy khuye'n hgc, kinh phf huy dgng ddi vao khoang the ky XV. Den nQa diu the<br /> dya tren cd sd ddng gdp theo suit. Cung vdi ky XX, khi thyc dan Phap tie'n hanh khai<br /> cac hg Ngd ndi tren, cac hg Ngd khac cung thac thupc dja d Vipt Nam, chung ta lai cd<br /> da thanh lap dapc quy khuye'n hgc nha hg hadng adc thdi Cdi lUOng hUOng chinh.<br /> Ngd DQc, Ngd Van. Trong sinh hoat ddng Nam 1945, Cach mang Thang Tam thanh<br /> hg, tQ nhQng nam 90 (the ky XX) trd lai cdng, nhQng hQdng Qdc ke tren khdng cdn<br /> day, hg Ngd Sach da phyc hdi lai l l gid td dieu kien tdn tai trong sinh boat lang xa.<br /> vdi quy md be the hdn, trong dd cd ca te, ll, v a ngay nay, trong cdng cupc Doi mdi dit<br /> tuyen dQdng con chau trong hg dat thanh nadc va xay dQng ndng thdn mdi, hQdng<br /> tfch ve hpc tap trong mpt nam da qua. Trong adc dang dapc phuc hdi va phat trien:<br /> djp nay, con chau tQ cac dja phQdng nha "Nhieu lang d ddng bing Bic Bg da tQ soan<br /> Ddng Ky va Nghia Lap (cung huypn) cung te thao ra cac quy adc lang de lam cd sd phap<br /> tyu ve. NhQng viec lara r i t cd y nghia khac, ly cho viec quan ly, dieu chinh cac sinh<br /> dd la nam 2003, tQ dadng ddng tgc Ngd Gia boat ciia cpng ddng lang. NhQng ndi iam<br /> da dapc xay dyng lai bing cdng sQc ciia con sdm viec nay la Ha Bic (cu), Ha Tay (cu).<br /> chau trong hg, nam 2004, nha thd hg Ngd Thai Binh... rdi sau phat trien ra cac dja<br /> Sach Cling dapc phyc dyng lai, tren tinh phQdng khac" (30). Ve ten gpi, hadng Qdc<br /> thin kinh phf ddng gdp chia deu cho mdi mdi dapc cac dja phadng dung nhieu thuat<br /> dmh la 120.000 ddng/1 ngadi, nam 2006 hg ngQ khac nhau, nha: hadng adc, quy Qdc<br /> Ngd Gia da soan thao ra tdc adc, ndi dung lang van hda, quy adc ndng thdn, quy Qdc<br /> gdm 3 phin, 3 chadng va 28 dieu (28). xay dyng nep sdng mdi...<br /> Ket qua nghien cQu cua tac gia Nguyin Nha tren da neu, viec tai lap hadng Qdc<br /> Thj Phadng Cham lai lang Dinh Bang (TQ diln ra d nhieu ndi, chinh quyen dja<br /> Sdn, Bic Ninh) cho thay cac ddng hg ndi phadng da ty dQng ra soan thao cac npi<br /> day da the hipn y thQc hadng ve cgi ngudn dung cua hadng adc de phuc vu cho chinh<br /> 44 Rghito curu Lich siir. sg 2.2010<br /> <br /> cac hoat ddng ciia lang. Cac thanh vien Chadng 3: Nep sd'ng vdn hda; Chadng 4:<br /> tham gia cd tradng thdn, chi bg Dang, ban Dgo ly gia dinh - Xa hgi; Chadng 5: An<br /> mat trlLn, cac cu cao tudi... cdng viec nay ninh - Trat tU xdm ldng; Chadng 6: To chdc<br /> dapc daa ra ban bac trQdc toan the nhan thiic hien • Khen thudng - Ky lugt) \k 17<br /> dan de liy y kie'n chung. HQdng adc mdi dieu khoan thi hanh. Trong qua trinh soan<br /> dapc soan thao cung mang dang d i p ciia thao, quy Qdc cung dQpc dQa ra de nhan<br /> hQdng adc cd, bao gdm tQ quy djnh chung; dan thao luan cung nhieu ban nganh chQc<br /> den nhQng quy djnh ve van hda va tyc le, nang nhQ: Chi bp Dang, Mat tran thdn, Hdi<br /> hpi he, dinh dam; ve trat ty an ninh thdn ngadi cao tudi... va cd sQ ddng y cua chfnh<br /> xdm, bao vp mua mang; ve l l cQdi hdi, ma quyen c i p xa. . _^. ^ „,<br /> chay; ve khen thadng va xii phat. Nam 1995, lang Ddng But (Quoc Oai-Ha<br /> Trong sd cac dja phadng xay dyng va Npi) da soan thao quy Qdc lang van hda, bao<br /> soan thao hadng adc mdi, cd the ke tdi Bac gdm 6 chQdng (ChQdng 1: Nhdng quy dinh<br /> Ninh la mdt trong nhQng tinh cd "phong chung vd cdng tdc to chUc; ChQdng 2: Ludn<br /> trao" tai lap hQdng adc r i m rd: 'Trong ba ly dgo ddc vd gido due ddn tri; ChQdng 3:<br /> nam, tQ thang 7-1990 den thang 6-1993, Nep sd'ng vdn hda; ChQdng 4: Qudn ly ddt<br /> toan tinh (Ha Bic cu) da cd hdn 500 lang dai; ChQdng 5: An ninh trat tU; ChQdng 6:<br /> tren tdng sd 3.011 lang da xay dyng xong Thi hdnh quy Udc) va 35 dieu. Quy adc sau<br /> hadng adc [...]. Tfnh de'n giQa nam 2001, khi ban hanh, da dapc phat tdi tvtog gia<br /> Bic Ninh cd 560/695 lang da cd hadng adc dinh va hdn the nQa vao mdi budi chieu, dja<br /> (chie'm hdn 80%)" (31). Nghien cQu ciia tac phadng thadng cho phat tren loa truyen<br /> gia Bui Xuan Dinh cho thay cung tai Bac thanh de gdp phan tuyen truyen sau rpng.<br /> Ninh, dja phadng cd sd hadng adc chiem<br /> Nam 1996, lang La Ca, huyen Hoai DQc,<br /> nhieu n h i t la huypn Tien Sdn (cu), vdi<br /> Ha Npi da cho xay dyng ban Quy Udc ldng<br /> 127/144 lang da cd hadng adc. Va ban<br /> van hda ldng La Cd, de'n nam 1998 thi<br /> hadng adc ra ddi sdm n h i t d Bic Ninh luc<br /> dapc chfnh quyen phe duyet. Quy adc gdm<br /> dd la Huong Udc ldng Hdi Quan (xa Tadng<br /> 7 chadng (Chadng 1: Nhdng quy dinh<br /> Giang, huyen TQ Sdn), vao thang 7 - 1990.<br /> chung; Chadng 2: Tdn gido, le hdi, tin<br /> Theo tac gia Nguyin Huy Tfnh, tai mpt sd ngudng; Chadng 3: Nep sdng gia dinh, xd<br /> dja phadng khac nha Hai Dadng, Hang Yen, hdi; Chadng 4: Nep sd'ng trong viec cUdi,<br /> Ha Tay (cu), Bic Giang ty le quy Qdc, hQdng viec tang, mdng thg; Chadng 5: Ky cUOng xd<br /> adc mdi dapc xay dyng chie'm khoang 70-80% hgi • an ninh ldng xdm; ChQdng 6: Bdo ve<br /> trong tdng so' lang, trong dd so' hadng adc da cdc cdng trinh cong cdng, ddt dai sdn xudt<br /> dapc chfnh quyen cac cip thim djnh va phe hoa mdu, ngUdi lam nhiem vu ve sinh ldng<br /> duypt la 40-50%. Tai Nghp An, cd 3.154 ban xdm; ChQdng 7: Sda ddi, hieu liic thi hdnh<br /> hadng adc da dapc thao dyng, trong dd cd quy Udc) wk 36 dieu (32).<br /> 1.455 ban dapc phe duyet.<br /> The theo nguypn vpng cua ddng dao nhan<br /> Nam 1991, lang Trang Liet, huyen TQ dan, nam 2005, lang Tam Sdn (TQ Sdn, Bic<br /> Sdn cung da soan thao mdt ban quy adc Ninh) da cho bien soan lai quy Qdc. Tren cd<br /> mdi - Quy Udc ldng Trang Liet, npi dung cd sd dd, dya vao quy adc mdi de bao vp cac di<br /> 6 chQdng (Chadng 1: Nhiing quy dinh san van hda que hadng, phat huy truyen<br /> chung; Chadng 2: Le nghi - Ton gido; thdng td't dep vd'n cd tQ xaa. Quy adc lang<br /> Ve 51/ phuc hg| cac gid hi... 45<br /> <br /> Tam Sdn nam 2005, la ban quy adc dapc ke nay da thd'ng nhat va cd quan he bien<br /> thQa va dieu chinh (33) dya tren hadng adc chQng khang kbit, lam nen tang va cung<br /> nam 1991 va hadng adc nam 2000. Quy adc tao da cho van hda, cho cac gia trj truyen<br /> nam 2005 dapc soan thao can cQ vao f kien thdng dapc khdi day manh me.<br /> ddng gdp ciia ddng dao nhan dan, cua chi bp Tha hai, ke tQ khi thyc hien chfnh sach<br /> Dang dja phadng. Mat tran thdn. Ban quy Ddi mdi (1986), nen kinh te cua d i t nQdc<br /> adc cd 4 chadng (Chadng 1: Nhiing quy dinh bade d i u cd nhQng ddi thay, va tQ phu quy<br /> chung; Chadng 2: Nhdng quy dinh cu the; se sinh le nghia. Cy the la, trong mdi<br /> Chadng 3: Khen thudng vd xd ly vi phgm; tradng lang xa, kinh te hd gia dinh da trd<br /> Chadng 4: Dieu khodn thi hdnh), 6 myc va ve dung vj tri va chQc nang cua nd, thay<br /> 61 dieu khoan khac nhau (34). the cho kinh te tap the hdp tac xa, tinh ty<br /> Trong xa hpi ndng thdn cd truyen, sy cd chu cua kinh te hp gia dinh cung vdi nhQng<br /> mat cua hadng Qdc da gdp p h i n cung cd' cac dieu kipn thuan ldi cua the che thj tradng<br /> quan he xdm lang, tao nen mdt the Qng xvt da chip canh cho nen kinh te lang xa cang<br /> chgt trong cac quan hp xa hpi. Ngay nay, ngay cang khdi sic. Dieu kien kinh te kha<br /> hQdng Qdc dapc tai lap, sau g i n mpt niia gia, da trd thanh bp dd cho egng ddng cd the<br /> the ky ving bdng (tQ nam 1945). Sy phyc tham gia nhieu boat dgng xa hgi, dieu dd<br /> hdi dd, mpt p h i n dap Qng dapc yen ciu cua dapc bilu hipn dadi nhieu hinh thQc nha:<br /> nhan dan, mat khac nd cdn phu hpp vdi Nhu ciu giao cam tam linh, vui chdi le hpi,<br /> nhQng quy djnh cua Nha nadc da cho phdp, quan tam tdi gia dinh, ddng hp va td tien,<br /> thdng qua vipc khuye'n khfch tai lap hadng hay ldn lao hdn la cung nhau chung sQc xay<br /> Qdc nhim myc dfch tang cadng quan ly xa dyng, sQa sang dinh chua, nha thd hp va<br /> hgi d cip cd sd: "Cd the ndi, day la giai doan khdi phyc hgi lang... NhQng hoat dgng nay,<br /> phat trien cd tfnh cha't tQ giac cua phong deu x u i t phat tQ sy thjnh vapng cua nen<br /> trao xay dyng hQdng adc mdi, danh d i u kinh te. Trong tradng hpp nay, sQ phyc hdi<br /> bing sy kipn quan trgng dd la Nghj quyet cac gia trj truyen thd'ng trong sinh boat<br /> Ban Chip hanh trung adng Dang l i n thQ V lang xa cd vai trd chi phdi khdng nhd ciia<br /> (Khda VII, thang 6 nam 1993) da chfnh ye'u td kinh te, tham chf mang