Viện Viễn Đông Bác cổ Pháp ở Việt Nam (1900-1957)

M[$^ vriar UONG B A C CO P H A P d TI$rt NA91<br /> (1900 - 1957><br /> <br /> LUU THI PHl/ONG LOAN<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> NgQdi P h a p cd mdi quan tam, tim hieu<br /> V ien Viin Ddng Bae Co (edn ggi<br /> Trudng Viin Ddng Bae Cd') la mgt<br /> trong nhQng cd quan nghien cQu khoa hge<br /> ve phudng Ddng tQ kha sdm. Ngay tQ the<br /> ky XVI, XVII, cae n h a truyen giao da dat<br /> nhan van ldn tren the gidi, nghien cQu ve chan len vung da't nay. The ky XVIII,<br /> cac dan toe vung Vien Ddng dQdc ra ddi Napoleon Bonaparte trong cugc vien chinh<br /> theo Nghi dinh ngay 15-12-1898 nhUng Ai Cap da khdng quen m a n g theo mgt phai<br /> de'n thang 1-1900 mdi ed ten ggi ehinh thQc doan khoa hge de nghien cQu, ghi ch6p ve<br /> va ngay 20-11-1901, Vien dQdc the ehe'hda cae vung dat mdi. GiQa the' ky XIX, de xuc<br /> do Sic lenh eua Td'ng thd'ng Phap ban hdnh. tie'n cdng cudc xam iQdc Viet N a m va md<br /> Trong giai doan 1900-1957, Vien Viin Ddng rdng anh hQdng d vung Vien Ddng, cac nha<br /> Bae Cd da edng bd' nhieu edng trinh nghien c i m quyen P h a p da d a t len vai dgi ngu cae<br /> cQu khoa hge cd gia tri ldn ddi vdi lich sQ van nha khoa hge Phap mgt trgng trach la phai<br /> minh Ddng DQdng va Ddng A. Ddi vdi Viet quan tam va nghien cQu ve xQ sd nay. Khd<br /> Nam, cae cdng trinh nghien cQu cua Vien khan eua ngUdi P h a p luc nay la sd' lUdng<br /> ddng vai trd quan trgng, cung ca'p cae chQng eac nha kbda hge hieu bie't ve Viet Nam edn<br /> cQ va thdng tin lien quan de'n lich sQ hinh It va nhQng hieu bie't eua hg cdn ban hep<br /> thanh cac nen van hda - van minh Viet Nam khi dQng trUdc mgt da't nUdc cd nen van<br /> cung nhu da xay dung dUde mgt kho tU lieu, minh h a n g ngan nam trong lieh sQ. Mat<br /> cd vat, tranh anh do so ve cae thdi ky lich sQ khae, trUde nam 1898, dgi ngu cac nha<br /> eua ede dan toe tren khap vung mien da't "Viet Nam hoc" cila Phap lai bao gom nhieu<br /> nQdc Viet Nam. Bai viet nay gidi thieu khai t h a n h p h i n khae nhau: ST quan hang hai,<br /> quat ve qua trinh ra ddi, mue dieh eua Phap nha binh, nha truyen giao va ca mdt sd<br /> khi thdnh lap Vien Vien Ddng Bae Cd', hay<br /> quan chQc dan sQ eua Nha nQdc thuge dia...<br /> chQe nang - nhiem vu, ed ca'u td' chQe va mdt<br /> Hg ed the thdng thao tie'ng Viet hay cd d i u<br /> so'boat ddng eua Vien.<br /> de uyen bae nhQng hg ehi la nhQng "nha<br /> 1. Q u a t r i n h r a d d i c u a V i e n V i e n bde hge lam thdi" khi phai thUe thi nhiem<br /> D o n g B a e Co v a m u c d i c h ciia thvfc vu nghien cQu ve mdt linh vQe khdng thudc<br /> d a n P h a p k h i t h a n h lap Vien Vien chuyen mdn cua minh (1). Han che'nay dQa<br /> D o n g B a e Co tdi mgt he qua ta't yeu la nhQng hieu bie't<br /> <br /> <br /> • Th.S. TrUdng THPT Vinh Yen, Vinh Phiic<br /> Vien Vien E6ng Bae cd Phap.. 73<br /> <br /> cua ngudi Phap ve Viet Nam la ehUa day Lemire va Pierre Lefevre Pontalis da dudc<br /> du, khdng dap Qng dUde nhQng ddi hdi ma thdng qua va de len Bd Giao due de thong<br /> gidi cim quyen Phap dat ra. Sil hieu bie't bao eho toan quyen Ddng Dudng thi hanh.<br /> thieu diy du dd khie'n thilc dan Phap Nam 1898, toan quyen Ddng Dudng<br /> khdng the dUa ra mdt ehinh sach cai tri, P.Doumer da thanh lap phai doan khao ed'<br /> boc lot hieu qua d thuge dia. Vi the, ddi vdi hge thudng true tai Ddng Dudng. De'n<br /> gidi cim quyen Phap luc nay la e i n thie't thang 1-1900, td' chQe nay dUdc ddi ten<br /> phai lap ra eac ed quan, td' chQe nghien cQu thanh Vien Vien Ddng Bae Cd' Phap (cdn<br /> khoa hge nham tac ra mdt ddi ngu cac nha ggi TrUdng Viin Ddng Bae Cd' Phap), cd tru<br /> bae hge chuyen nghiep va trien khai eac sd tai Sai Gdn. Sau dd khong lau, thang 12-<br /> chudng trinh nghien cQu, tim hieu lieh sQ - 1901, Vien chuyen tru sd ra Ha Ngi. Tru sd<br /> van hoa va nhQng die'm ehu chd't cua Nha dat tai ba ngdi nha nhd d phd Gambetta<br /> nudc Viet Nam, phuc vu eho edng cuge (nay la phd T r i n Hung Dao) va d sd 3 phd<br /> thdng tri eua thilc dan Phap. Dd la xet tren Thd Nhudm. Vien edn dUde danh rieng eho<br /> phudng dien cac nha cam quyen Phap. mgt ngdi nha lam ndi trien lam ve bao tang<br /> Xet tren phUdng dien eac nha khoa hge hge d khu Da'u Xio - Ha Ndi. Td't nhien,<br /> Phap, mdt thUe te thu vi la, cang tie'p xuc trQdc yeu c i u cua gidi c i m quyen Phap luc<br /> va nghien cQu ve Viet Nam khie'n cae hge ba'y gid, viec thanh lap Vien Viin Ddng Bae<br /> gia Phap cang hi ldi cud'n trude nen van hda Cd Phap cua toan quyen P.Doumer eung<br /> - van minh day sfle thuye't phuc cua ngudi khdng nam ngoai muc dich "khai hda van<br /> Viet. Nam 1890, trong sdch Hoi ky An minh" va "tim hieu ro hdn de eai tri td't<br /> Nam, Bailie da viet rang: "Van minh Ddng hdn" d Viet Nam eung nhu Ddng Dudng.<br /> phudng lau ddi hang nghin nam, ed mdt<br /> 2. Chiifc n a n g - N h i e m vu ciia Vien<br /> nen phap ehe, nghe thuat van hda, nhQng<br /> Vien D o n g B a e Co<br /> anh hung va con ngUdi dung cam, da trd<br /> thanh nhQng qudc gia ed mgt nen chinh tri, Vien Vien Ddng Bde Co' Phdp hay<br /> to chQc chinh quyen hoan chinh de ngUdi TrUdng Vien Ddng Bde Co Phdp la hai each<br /> Phap chung ta khi tie'p xuc e i n phai can ndi cua cum tQ tie'ng Phap Ecole Francaise<br /> trong va tdn kinh" (2). d'Extreme - Orient (ggi t i t la EFEO). Du<br /> NhQng phat hien, nghien cQu ed gia tri ggi la TrUdng hay Vien thi ed quan nghien<br /> cua cae hge gia Phap khie'n hg nhan tha'y cQu khoa bgc nay ehi cd mdt ehQc nang duy<br /> rang: Ngudi Viet Nam dang sd hQu nen van nha't la nghien ciu lich si vdn hda vd cdc<br /> minh dae sic nhUng thdi gian va sU tan nen vdn minh cua cdc ddn tgc viing Vien<br /> pha ciia thien tai eung nhu viec ehua y Ddng, chil khdng thQc hien chQe nang dao<br /> thdc ve giQ gin gia tri van hoa eua ngudi tao nhu cac trudng khae theo ten ggi cua<br /> dan ban xQ dang lam cho nhQng di san dd nd.<br /> diing trude nguy ed bi mai mdt. Nam 1897, Nhiem vu eua Vien Viin Ddng Bae Co<br /> sau nhieu phat hien ve cac kie'n true thap d dUdc quy dinh trong dieu 2 - Nghi dinh ve<br /> Binh Dinh, Charles Lemire la ngudi dau quy che doi vdi doan khao co hoc Ddng<br /> tien de xudng viee t h a n h lap mgt ed quan DUdng dang tren Cong bdo Dong DUdng<br /> nghieu cQu va bao quan nhQng di tieh lieh nam 1899:<br /> sit cua Ddng Dudng. Tai hgi nghi Ddng 1. Thdm do khao cd vd ngi vdn tren<br /> phudng hge hgp d Paris, dQ an eua Charles todn bdn dao Trung - An, Uu tien bang mgi<br /> 74 Rghien cOru Lich sit. s6 9.2003<br /> <br /> phudng tien de'n cdc kie'n thic lich si, cdc cdng tdc mot cdeh hiu ich tren cae cong<br /> cong trinh kie'n true vd phUdng ngi. trinh khdo co.<br /> 2. Gdp phdn vao viec nghien ciu chuyen 2. Lanh dgo vd kie'm tra viec hge tap vd<br /> sdu cdc vung vd cdc nen vdn minh ldn can: cong viec cua nhing ngUdi dUdc trd cdp se<br /> An Do, Trung Hoa, Malaysia... (3). dUdc neu ra d dieu 4.<br /> Vdi vai trd la td' ehQc chuyen nghien cQu Vi mue dieh dy, Gidm ddc dUde quyin<br /> ve chau A, thu nhan, kiem ke va phan tieh lap ra cdc phong ban tgo nguon cdn thiei<br /> nhQng yeu td' eiia cae nen van hoa d luc dia nhu Thu vien, Bao tdng; thdnh lap vd chi<br /> ehau A, Vien Vien Ddng Bae Co' edn cd dgo mgt dn phdm trong dd dang cdc edng<br /> tham vgng md rdng tri thQc ve ehau A vUdt trinh cua Dodn dUdc dUa len trUc tiep, tap<br /> ra khdi ndi dung va phUdng phap nghien hdp tdt cd nhing gi co the vd khuyen khieh<br /> cQu cua eac nha Ddng phUdng hge Tay Au ben ngoai bang cdch cho nhiing ldi khuyen,<br /> trUde dd. nhing kinh nghiem neu tdc gid cdn.<br /> Ngoai nhQng nhiem vu ed't ye'u dd, Vign Dieu 4<br /> Vien Ddng Bae Cd edn la ed quan thQa Chic vu phd dodn phdi Id nhing ngUdi<br /> hanh mgt so' nhiem vu ma ehinh quyen Phdp duac hudng lUcfng, dUdc sii ehi dinh<br /> Phap giao phd nhU: Tu v i n khoa hge eho cua Vien Nghien ciu Van khae, sdlUdng co<br /> nhieu td chQe ehinh quyen, van hoa - Uy the thay doi theo hodn canh vd thdi cugc,<br /> ban danh t h i n g , Sd du lich, Hdi Dia ly Ha khong dUdc qud 3 ngUdi trong moi trUdng<br /> Ndi; cat cQ mdt t h a n h vien t h a m gia cdng hdp thdi diem thay doi.<br /> tae giang day d cae trUdng hge cua chinh<br /> Dieu 5<br /> quyen Phap lap ra: Dai hge Ddng Dudng,<br /> Hdng ndm, Gidm dd'e phdi gii bdo cdo<br /> Cad d i n g Van kbda Ha Ndi...<br /> chi tie't len ong Todn quyen Ddng DUdng vi<br /> 3. Cd c a u t o c h i l e c u a V i e n V i e n<br /> cdc cdng viec cua Dodn, cdc dn phdm dang<br /> D o n g B a e Co<br /> Idm vd cdc dii dinh, hogt dgng cua cdc<br /> Dieu 3, 4, 5 trong Nghi dinh ve quy che' thdnh vien vd ndi chung tdt cd nhing gi co<br /> doi vdi dodn khdo co hoe Dong DUdng dang lien quan de'n ket qud vd tieh trien khoa<br /> tren Cdng bdo Ddng DUdng nam 1899 eung hoc. Bdo cdo ndy se dUdc vien Todn quyin<br /> ghi ro ve cd ca'u td' ehQc cua Vign Vien Ddng thong bdo de'n Vien nghien ciu qua Bg gido<br /> Bae Cd': due. Vien nghien ciu se trao dd'i thdng tin<br /> Dieu 3 vdi Gidm doe qua dd Vien se xi ly va thdng<br /> Dodn cd mgt Gidm doc, do dng Todn bdo nhing quan die'm hoac cho y kien (4).<br /> quyen bo' nhiem theo sU gidi thieu cua Vien<br /> Ve bg mdy n h a n sQ, dQng dau Vien Viin<br /> Nghien ciu Vdn khdc.<br /> Ddng Bae Cd la Giam dd'e va Phd giam ddc<br /> Gidm dd'e dUdc bo' nhiem trong thdi han deu la ngQdi Phap. Giam dd'e cua Vien phai<br /> Id 6 ndm vd cd the gia han nhiem vu cua do Toan quyen Ddng DQdng bd' nhiem vdi<br /> Gidm ddc: SQ gidi thieu eiia Vien Nghien cQu Van<br /> 1. Chi dgo vd tham gia gidng day, phdi khac. Phd Giam dd'e do Vien Nghien cQu<br /> cd trinh do tie'ng Phan vd tie'ng Pali vd phdi Van khae ehi dinh. T h a n h vien ciia Vien<br /> bie't thiic hdnh khao co, ddo tgo nhing bao gdm eac nha khoa hge P h a p va Vift<br /> ngudi chdu Au hay bdn xi de hg cd dUdc Nam chuyen sau ve Ddng phudng hoc, ngdn<br /> phUdng phdp Idm viec tdt vd du ndng lUc ngQ hge, di tich, van hoa, my t h u a t cua<br /> Vien Vi^n E6ng Bae ed Phap... 75<br /> <br /> Dong DQdng... Hg deu phai dap Qng ddi hdi trinh nghien cQu ciia cac hge gia trong cae<br /> nhit dinh ve b i n g ca'p va trinh do chuyen linh vQc khoa hge xa hdi - nhan van nhQ:<br /> mon trUdc khi lam cdng tae vien eua Vien. Dan tdc hge, SQ hge, Ngdn ngQ hge, Tdn<br /> Cac nha khoa hge Viet Nam lam viee va giao, Nghe thuat... Dae biet tap san edn<br /> nghien cQu eung vdi ngUdi Phap n h i m hai danh rieng mdt mue ve "thdi sQ chau A" vdi<br /> muc dieh rd rang la tim kie'm mdt kie'n thQc nhQng bai vie't lien quan de'n eac va'n de<br /> mdi, phQdng phap nghien cQu khoa hge mdi chinh tri nhU: Thanh edng cua Tdn Trung<br /> cua phUdng Tay va dUa vad nhQng nghien Sdn d Trung Qud'c, hay nhQng cuge dinh<br /> cQu khoa hge a'y de hieu biet ve di san van cong ldn, nhQng tin tQc boat ddng cila cae<br /> hoa - lich sQ cua dan toe minh. dang phai d An Dd... Tuy nhien, nhQng<br /> Nim trong he tho'ng quan ly hanh chinh thdng tin nhu vEly ehi it lau sau dd da bi<br /> va chuyen mdn eua Vien Vien Ddng Bae Cd' ehinh quyen thUc dan kiem seat va ban ehe.<br /> CO cae Vien Bao tang, Thu vien va Tap san 4. H o a t d o n g c u a Vien Vien Dong<br /> rieng cd ten ggi "Tap san Vien Viin Ddng Bae Co' giai d o a n 1900 - 1957<br /> Bae Cd" (Bullentin de I'Ecole Francaise Ngay sau khi thanh lap, Vien da trie'n<br /> dExtreme Orient - ggi t i t la BEFEO). khai heat dgng sdi ndi tren cae mat: edng<br /> Nhim bao quan va lUu giQ ede hien vat tac nghien cQu khoa hoc; Cdng tac dieu tra,<br /> thu thap duge treng qua trinh nghien cQu, sQu t i m va iQu giQ ngudn tU lieu, hien vat;<br /> Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd' da xay dUng he Cdng tae bao quan va trung tu cae di tieh<br /> thdng cae bao tang tren ea nUdc. 6 Ha Ndi, lich sQ.<br /> bao tang Louis Finot duge xay dung quy md<br /> Nghien citu khoa hoc la linh vUe boat<br /> vao nam 1926 va khanh thanh nam 1932.<br /> ddng thu dUde nhieu thanh tvtu nha't eua<br /> Ben canh dd, Vien edn xay dUng va quan ly<br /> Vien Vien Ddng Bae Co'. Qua hdn 50 nam,<br /> he thd'ng eac bio tang: Bio tang Khdme d<br /> Vien da trien khai nghien cQu tren h i u<br /> Phndm penh (thanh lap 1906), Bao tang Cd'<br /> k h i p eac linh vQc eua khoa hge xa hdi -<br /> vat Cham d Da N i n g (thanh lap 1918), Bao<br /> nhan van: Khao ed hge, Dan toe hge, SQ<br /> tang Lao d Vieng Chan (thanh lap 1925),<br /> hge, Ngdn ngQ hge, Tdn giao, VSn hge, Dia<br /> Bao tang Khai Dinh d Hue (thanh lap<br /> If, Nghe thuat. Vdi ndi dung tap trung tim<br /> 1927), Bao tang Sai Gdn (thanh lap 1929).<br /> hieu lieh sQ va nhQng ye'u td' van boa ehu<br /> Ngay tQ khi Vien Viin Ddng Bae Co' ra chd't eua dan tdc Viet Nam thdng qua<br /> ddi, ThQ vien rieng cua Vien da dUde thanh phQdng phap nghien cQu hieu qua, da<br /> lap nhim tap hdp, sUu t i m mgi tai lieu, ke dang: ThQc dia, dien da tren khap eac vQng<br /> ca nhQng a'n p h i m va nhQng van b i n chUa mien xa xdi cua Viet Nam ke't hdp vdi ghi<br /> dUdc a'n thanh, nhQng ban vie't tay thudc chep, khai quat, giam dinh, dieu tra... Ket<br /> linh vQc khoa hge xa hdi - nhan van, tranh qua cua nhQng boat ddng nghien cQu khoa<br /> anh, ban do eung cae ddn vi bao, tap ehi... hge ben bi la sQ ra ddi eua nhQng cdng<br /> Mgt a'n p h i m mang ten Tap san Vien trinh khoa bgc gia tri dQdc edng bd' tren tap<br /> Viin Ddng Bde Co (BEFEO) dUde ra m i t san, eac tap chi hay la nhQng cud'n saeh<br /> thudng nien 1 nam 1 sd' n h i m dang tai cae ldn. Trong sd' dd, nghien cQu ve Viet Nam<br /> cong trinh nghien cQu cua Vien. Mae du la nhanh chdng chiem mot p h i n quan trgng<br /> nhu la mgt Uu tien (chiem 1/4 tdng so' eac<br /> mot tap san chuyen vi Triet hge va Khao ed<br /> edng trinh). BQe tranh qua khQ ciia dan tgc<br /> hoc nhQng da dang tai rgng rai nhieu edng<br /> 75 Rghien ciJru Lieh sit. s6 9.2009<br /> <br /> <br /> Viet Nam dQdc k h i e hga tren nhieu khia nhQng con thuyen ddc mgc, xieh tay, do<br /> canh: eac nen van hda khad cd, va'n de t r a n g sQc, vu khi... ThU vien Vien Viin<br /> ngudn gd'c, qua trinh dQng nQdc; Cac dae Ddng Bae Cd' eung da sQu t a m va lUu giQ<br /> diem ve ngdn ngQ, tin ngQdng dan gian; mgt kho sach dd so. Ti'nh de'n n a m 1957, so"<br /> nhQng phong tue, tap quan va nhQng net tai lieu va an p h a m ciia T h u vien gdm:<br /> van boa ed' truyen dac sac ciia lang xa ndng Saeh chQ Latinh hdn 36.000 cuon, sach<br /> thdn Viet Nam... ta't ca deu dQdc tie'p can Viet van tren 1.000 cud'n, saeh H a n - Ndm<br /> va kham pha mgt each mdi me, dgc dao. hdn 4.000 eudn, saeh H a n Van ed' tren<br /> NhQng khai niem quan trgng ddi vdi lieh sQ 33.000 cud'n, saeh N h a t Ban 10.000 eudn,<br /> van minh Viet Nam nhU: Vdn hda Hod ban dd 2.070 td; van bia 22.500 td; hQdng<br /> Binh, Vdn hda Bae Scfn, Vdn hod Dong Qdc (ehQ Han: 4.700 tap, chQ Viet 4.000<br /> Scm, Vdn hod Sa Huynh... lan d i u tien tap);... a n h chup 70.000 chie'c (5).<br /> dude bie't de'n thdng qua nhQng nghien cQu Khdng chi p h a n a n h sQ dd so, phong phu<br /> cua cae nha khao eo Vien Viin Ddng Bae ve so' iQdng, kho sach ciia Vien cdn chQa<br /> Cd'. Vien da xuat ban ThQ mue Han - Ndm dQng gia tri ngi dung thdng tin va kie'n<br /> quan trgng dau tien eua E.Gaspardone, thQc van boa, khoa hge dac biet quy gia. Dd<br /> cdng trinh nghien cQu quy md ve tdn giao la ngudn tQ lieu vd gia cho nhQng nghien<br /> tin ngudng Viet Nam eua L.Cadiere, nhQng cQu ve Viet N a m dUdc p h a t huy qua nhieu<br /> ban ve kie'n tnie va cac cdng trinh khao ta the he.<br /> ti mi eua L.Bezacier, H.Parmentier. NhQng<br /> Bdo quan va trung tu eac di tieh lich sii -<br /> trd'ng ddng Viet ed' ghi da'u trinh dd cao eua<br /> van hda, Vien Viin Ddng Bae Co' da tien<br /> nen Van minh sdng Hdng eung lan dau tien<br /> h a n h khao sat, dieu tra, p h a t hien, xay dQng<br /> dUdc gidi thieu mdt each trang trgng tren<br /> hd sd, nghien cQu va gidi thieu nhieu di tich<br /> Tap san Vien Vien Ddng Bde Cd va trong<br /> tieu bieu d cac nUdc Ddng DUdng. Hdn 1.200<br /> cae edng trinh nghien cQu eua nhieu hge<br /> di tich lich sQ - van hoa ciia ba nUdc Vigt<br /> gia ten tudi...<br /> Nam, Lao, Campuchia da chi'nh thQc dUdc<br /> Cae edng trinh nghien cQu da ghi da'u cdng nhan xep hang, khdi phuc gia tri vSn<br /> ten tudi eua ddi ngu ede nha khoa hoc Phap hoa. 401 di tich lich sii dUdc xep hang n i m<br /> va Viet Nam, nhQ: Ldopold Cadiere, Gusta tren lanh tho Viet Nam gdm h a u bet la cac<br /> ve Dusnoutier Ldoonard Aurousseau, cong trinh kie'n true nhU: Den, mie'u, dinh,<br /> Henri Parmentier, Henri Maspero, chua, lang mg, t h a n h quach... thuge van hda<br /> Maurice Durand, Madeleine Colani, Louis ngQdi Viet; NhQng di tich den, thap, bia,<br /> Bezaeier, T r i n Han Ta'n, T r i n Van Giap, tUdng thuge a n hda Cham; nhiing di tich<br /> Nguyin Van Huyen, Nguyen Van To'... thudc v a n hda P h u Nam va Khdme. NhQng<br /> Diiu tra, sUu tdm vd lUu giU nguon tU di tieh lieh sii eua Ha Ndi dQdc xep hang vao<br /> lieu, hien vdt, Vien Vien Ddng Bae Cd' da thdi gian nay gdm: Den Quan Thanh, den<br /> tie'n h a n h dieu tra, sQu tap ed he thd'ng. Ngge Sdn, chua Tra'n Qud'c, chua Ly Qud'c<br /> NhQng hien vat ed ngudn gd'c tQ khap mgi SQ, chQa Mdt Cdt, den Bach Ma... Ben canh<br /> ndi dUdc dUa vao luu giQ tai eac Bao tang do, Vien Vien Ddng Bae Cd cdn de nghi len<br /> eua Vien nhU: Trd'ng ddng, cae ban dieu toan quyen Ddng Dudng cho thUc thi viee<br /> khae Cham - Khdme, ede khudn tUdng ban trung tu nhieu di tich lich sQ quan trgng<br /> than eua nhQng dan tgc khac n h a u cung nhQ: v a n mie'u Qudc TQ Giam (1918 - 1920),<br /> vdi eac edng cu nghe det, gudng nude. ehua Mdt Cdt (1922), chua But Thdp va<br /> Viin Vien Bdng Bae cd Phap.. 77<br /> <br /> <br /> chua Phat Tich (1930); Ddng thdi, eung eo' lap Vien Viin Ddng Bae Co', eung khdng<br /> mgt so thap Cham, ve ghi hang tram di tich gia'u ndi sQ tam d i e khi ndi ve ed quan<br /> Viet va Cham... nghien cQu khoa hge nay: "Tdi ra't tQ hao ve<br /> Khi Viet Nam gianh t h i n g ldi trong cudc ngdi trudng nay, ve vi tri eua nd trong the<br /> khang chien chdng Phap (1954), Vien Vien gidi khoa hge... Ca nhan tdi khdng bao gid<br /> Dong Bae Cd' khdng cdn dieu kien tie'p tue quen dUde ldi ndi cua mdt nha bae hge ldi<br /> nghien cQu d Viet Nam nen da chinh thQc lac eua the ky trUdc - Nhing ldi ich do<br /> ban giao lai eho cd quan ehQc nang Viet khoa hoc mang lgi se dn sdu vao ldng ngUdi<br /> Nam va rut ve nude nam 1957. Vien da tie'n hdn bdt ci ldi ich nao khdc md chung ta dd<br /> hanh ban giao toan bg cd sd vat cha't (gdm mang lgi cho hg" (6).<br /> thu vien va eac bao tang) va kho tU lieu, Cac nha khoa bgc Phap khi edng tdc vdi<br /> hign vat trong bd sUu tap cua Vien cho cd chinh quyen Phap du it hay nhieu, edng tac<br /> quan chQe trach Viet Nam. Va tQ dd tdi nghien cQu eua hg la de phuc vu cho muc<br /> nay, thu vien vdi kho saeh khdng Id, cac dieh a'y. Cd the ndi, mue dieh ban dau eiia<br /> bao tang vdi sd' lUdng hien vat phong phu hg khdng hoan toan la mue dieh khoa bgc.<br /> va cac cdng trinh nghien cQu dUde dieh ra NhQng trong qua trinh tim hieu lich sQ va<br /> nhieu thQ tie'ng, tai ban nhieu lin... da van hda Viet Nam, tie'p can vdi nhieu ddi<br /> dUdc nhieu dee gia va eac nha nghien cQu tUdng nghien cQu vdi thUe te' eua xa hdi d<br /> thudng xuyen lui tdi. Nam 1993, khi quan tQng dia phQdng, hg da bi ha'p d i n trQdc<br /> h? Viet Nam va Phap cd nhQng bQdc phat mdt nen van hda, van minh ddc dao va<br /> trien mdi. Van phdng dai dien eua Vien khdng kem p h i n tinh te eua dan tdc Viet.<br /> Vien Ddng Bae Cd' Phap (EFEO) da dQdc Cae nha khoa hge Phap nghien cQu vdi mdt<br /> tai lap tai Ha Ndi. Dd la mgt cd hgi thuan niem say me va vdi mue dich khoa hoc thQc<br /> l(ji de Vien tie'p tuc trien khai nhieu chQdng sQ nghiem tuc. Ket qua eua nhQng boat<br /> trinh nghien cQu trgng diem ve Viet Nam. dgng ben bi, nha't quan va cd phudng phap<br /> Tren cd sd tim hieu nhQng net khai quat eua Vien Viin Ddng Bae Co' da dUa tdi si,!<br /> ve Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd' Phap d Viet ra ddi cua nhQng cdng trinh nghien cQu ed<br /> Nam giai dean 1900 - 1957, cd the rut ra nhieu gia tri va khdi tQ lieu dd so ve lieh<br /> mgt sdnhan xet nhQ sau: sQ, van boa va van minh Viet Nam. Khaeh<br /> quan ma ndi, viec lam eua eac nha khoa<br /> Thi nha't, muc dich cua ehinh quyen<br /> hge Vien Viin Ddng Bde Co' da vQdt ra<br /> thi,(c dan khi lap ra Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd'<br /> ngoai y dd eua thile dan Phap. NhQng<br /> khong gi khae la nham tim hieu tQdng tan<br /> thanh tQu nghien cQu eua hg ve lieh sQ,<br /> vi dan tgc Viet Nam de tQ dd de ra nhQng<br /> van hda, van minh Viet Nam da de lai<br /> chinh sach cai tri hieu qua. Ddng thdi,<br /> nhQng gia tri khoa bgc quy gia va nhan van<br /> thong qua ed quan nghien cQu khoa bgc<br /> sau sic.<br /> nay, thile dan Phap edn cd tham vgng<br /> khuech trQdng anh eua van hda - van minh Thi hai, trong edng tae nghien cQu khoa<br /> Phap ddi vdi cac dan toe Ddng DQdng va hge, Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd' da trien khai<br /> cuoi cung la de ea ngdi edng lao "khai hda nhQng ndi dung nghien cQu vdi m\ie dich<br /> van minh" eua ngQdi Phap ddi vdi cac dan khoa hge ro rang eho tQng nganh cy the: TQ<br /> toe thuge dia. Ban than toan quyen nhQng nghien cQu ve khao ed tien sQ d Vigt<br /> P.Doumer - Ngudi da ky nghi dinh thanh Nam den lich sQ dung nUde eua eac dan tdc<br /> 7a Rghien curu Lich siSr. stf 9.2009<br /> <br /> <br /> tren lanh thd' Viet Nam va nhQng dae diem canh thQc te, t h a m gia vao cudc song<br /> ve ngdn ngQ, loai hinh cQ tru, tin ngudng thQdng n h a t cua ngQdi dan, cung cgng tac<br /> cua cac dan tdc... NhQng ndi dung nghien vdi nhQng ngQdi ban dia cd tri thQc, trien<br /> cQu trong h i u bet cae linh vQc khoa hge xa khai va ap dung cac phQdng phap thQc dia,<br /> hdi - nhan van eho tha'y Vien Viin Ddng dien da, dieu tra, khai quat, giam dinh...<br /> Bae Cd' khdng he coi nhe mdt khia canh nao n h a m tim ra nhQng gia tri khoa hoc thQc<br /> trong viec nghien cQu ve Viet Nam. Dac sU. Vien Vien Ddng Bae Co' ra ddi da dat cd<br /> biet, Vien da tie'p can vdi mgt hQdng nghien sd cho phUdng p h a p tie'p can va nghien cQu<br /> cQu tie'n bd dd la de tai ve ldng xd ndng mdi me ve phUdng Ddng.<br /> thdn truyin thdng eua ngUdi Viet. Day la Thi tu, trong qua t r i n h hoat dgng cua<br /> mgt de tai ed y nghia lieh sQ va thQc t i i n Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd' cdn tdn tai nhflng<br /> sau sic ddi vdi sU tdn tai va phat trien cua b a n che. Vdi vai trd la cd quan khoa hoc do<br /> xa hdi Viet Nam. chinh quyen thQc dan lap ra n h a m ho trd<br /> Thi ba, Vien Viin Ddng Bae Cd' ra ddi cho chinh sach cai tri va bde lot cl thudc dia<br /> da danh da'u bUde dot pha trong phQdng nen Vien Vien Ddng Bae Co' ludn chiu sU<br /> phap nghien cQu cua cac nha khoa hge kiem soat chat che cua thQc dan Phap.<br /> phQdng Tay ddi vdi nganh Ddng phQdng Dieu nay h a n che it nhieu de'n thien hUdng<br /> hge. Viee nghien cQu cac nen van hoa ldn va kha n a n g nghien cQu cua cac hge gia<br /> eua phudng Ddng nhu An Dg, Trung Quo'c Phap. Mat khac, cac bgc gia P h a p do dQng<br /> trUde dd du dQdc trien khai kha manh me tren lap trQdng quan diem thQc dan, chiu<br /> b i n g nhQng cudc tim kie'm edng phu cac anh hQdng cua tU tudng hge t h u a t nhU:<br /> van ban chQ P h a n hcac ehQ Trung Qud'c cd "Thuye't thien di", "Chu nghia truyen ba'<br /> nhQng lai dUdc tie'n h a n h treng khudn khd' hay "Trung t a m chau Au"... nen trong<br /> cac thu vien ldn d Paris, ngay tren nUdc khdng it cdng trinh nghien cQu da dUa ra<br /> Phap chQ khdng phai d ehau A - ndi san nhQng luan diem danh gia cd tinh sai lech,<br /> sinh ra eac nen van hca nay. NhQng nghien thieu khoa hoc. Trong mgt thdi gian dai, de<br /> cQu ve phudng Ddng trdng gidi b a n chat giai quyet nhiing khd k h a n ve tai chinh,<br /> hep cua cae thu vien phUdng Tay da tach chinh quyen thQc dan da cho ph^p Vien<br /> ddi tUdng nghien cQu khdi thUc te sinh Viin Ddng Bde Cd' ban di nhieu cd vat quy<br /> ddng cua ehung, dan tdi ket qua eua cac hiem. Do khdng b a n che dudc tinh trang<br /> cdng trinh nghien cQu thieu sU chan thile, mua ban cd' vat lam tha't thoat nhieu cd' vat<br /> khdeh quan. Han ehe nay da gay nen quy tieu bieu eua nen van hoa Ddng DUdng<br /> nhQng thieu sdt eua nen Ddng phUdng hge da khien cho uy tin ciia Vien Viin Ddng Bae<br /> Tay Au trong mgt thdi gian dai. Cd hi giam siit. Song, boat dgng ciia Vign<br /> Viin Ddng Bae Co da t h u dUde nhieu thanh<br /> Vien Vien Ddng Bde Co' ra ddi da dap<br /> tuu nghien cQu cd ^ nghia ldn lao tren h i u<br /> Qng ddi hdi thQc t i i n trong nghien cQu, dae<br /> het cac linh vQc: Khao cd' hoc, Dan tgc hoc,<br /> biet la nghien cQu cae van ban cd' khdng the<br /> Lieh sQ, Ngdn ngQ hge. Van hge, Van hda<br /> dUdc tie'n h a n h khi tach rdi ddi tUdng<br /> dan gia... Trong dd, nhilng p h a t hien ve<br /> nghien cQu vdi bdi canh con ngudi, dia ban<br /> Khao ed hge la t h a n h cdng tieu bieu cila cac<br /> lieh sQ va van hoa cua nd. Cae nha khoa<br /> nha khoa hge Vien Vien Ddng Bae Co.<br /> hge da g i n ddi tUdng nghien cQu vdi bdi<br /> Vien Vien Sdng Bae ed Phap.. 79<br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THICH<br /> (1). Philippe Papm. Vien Viin B6ng Bde Co (4). D i n theo Nguyin Van TrUdng. Ky niem<br /> Phdp vdi viec nghien cdu Viet Nam. Tap chi Xda 100 ndm ngdy thdnh lap Trddng Vien Bdng Bde cd.<br /> vdNay, so 45, thang 11-1997, tr. 7. Tap chi Xda vd Nay, so 78B (8-2000), tr. 35.<br /> (2). Trin Duy. EFEO - Trddng Viin Bong Bde (5). Vien Vien Dong Bae Co Phap. 90 ndm<br /> CdPhdp, H4 Noi, 2003, tr. 4-5. nghien cdu vi vdn hod vd lich sd Viet Nam, Nxb,<br /> (3). Din theo Nguyen Van TrUclng. Ky niem Khoa hoc xa hoi. Ha Noi, 1995, tr. 119.<br /> 100 ndm ngdy thdnh tap Trddng Vien Bong Bde cd. (6). T r i n Duy. EFEO - Trddng Viin Dong Bde<br /> Tap chi Xda vd Nay, so 78B (8-2000), tr. 35. CdPhdp, sdd, tr. 6.<br /> <br /> <br /> OUAN HE THl/dNG MAI cOA D A N C TRONG<br /> (Tiep theo trang 45)<br /> CHU THtCH<br /> (1), (23), (24), (25). Nguyen Van Kim, Xd Ddng hoc xa hoi, Hk Noi, 2000, tr. 245, 233, 234.<br /> Trong trong cdc mdi quan he vd tddng tdc quyin<br /> (12). Trinh Hoai DUc, Gia Dinh thdnh thdng<br /> lite khu vdc, trong cuon Khoa hge xd hgi Nam Bo,<br /> chi. Do Mong KhUdng, Nguyen Ngoc Tinh dich,<br /> Nxb. Khoa hoc xa hoi, H^ Noi, 2007, tr. 173, 180,<br /> Nxb. Giao due. Ha Noi, 1998, tr. 194.<br /> 181, 176, 175.<br /> (13). T r i n Kinh Hoa, T4n quan Trinh Thinh<br /> (2), (5), (6), (8), (9), (16), (18), (19), (22). Le Quy<br /> Cong thdi Thanh sd di dan vao Nam ki, quyen<br /> Don, Phu. bien tgp tuc, Vi^n sQ hoc dich, Nxb. VSn<br /> ha, nit trong Tdn A hge bdo ky 2 quyin 8, tai li$u<br /> hoa thong tin, H4 Npi, 2007, t r 295, 294, 296, 278,<br /> luu tai thu vign Khoa hoc xa hoi, Hk Noi, 1968,<br /> 291, 292.<br /> tr. 44.<br /> (3), (28). Li Tana, Xd Ddng Trong lich sd kinh<br /> (14), (15), (17), (21). Cristophoro Borri, Xd<br /> te xd hgi Viet Nam the ki 17 vd 18, ban dich cila<br /> Ddng Trong ndm 1621, Hong Nhud, Nguyen Khic<br /> Nguyen Nghi, Nxb. Tre, 1999, t r 100, 219.<br /> Xuyen vk Nguyen Nghi dich, Nxb. Thanh pho Ho<br /> (4), (7). Thinh ThS' Vy, Ngogi thddng Viet Nam Chi Minh, 1998, t r 90, 91, 88, 92, 93.<br /> hii theky XVII-XVIII vd ddu theky XIX, Nxb. Sil<br /> (26), (27). Huynh Cong Ba, Hieu them vi khdi<br /> hoc, Hk Noi, 1961, tr. 243, 238.<br /> niem "Nam tien" td trong cdng cugc khai khdn<br /> (10). Do Bang, Phdcdng vitng Thuan Qudng theki<br /> Thuan Hod hdi trung the ki, Tap chi Nghien cdu<br /> XVII-XVIII, Nxb. Thu4n Hoa, Hue, 1996, tr. 125.<br /> Lich sd, so 4 (323), Trich trong t4p Tap chi Nghien<br /> (11), (20). Huynh Lfla, Gdp phdn tim hieu viing cdu lich sd, nam 2002, luu tai Thu vien Vien SOl<br /> da't Nam bg cdc theki XVII, XVIII, XIX, Nxb. Khoa hoc, tr. 85.<br />