Vua Lê Thánh Tông với việc biên soạn quốc sử của triều Lê

VUA Ll; TIlAlVH T 6 ] \ G v d l VIllC<br /> BlfllV SOAN QUd'c sir CUA TRIEU LII<br /> <br /> NGUYfiN Htru TAM*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> L Vfii n d t v e vi^c bidn s c a n q u o c suT nhu An DUdng vUdng, Tri§u Vu d^: "LQc<br /> trUdc t r i l u Ld b^y gid vi$c ch^p sQ bd thi^u nfln danh hi$u<br /> Vi§t Nam lfi quflc gia cfl m^t truyin cfic chfiu qufin khflng tra khao vfio dfiu<br /> thd'ng vfin hiS'n Ifiu ddi, Nguyin Trai tQng dU0c" (5). Theo nhfi sii hpc ho L§, vfio buoi<br /> khing djnh trong Dgi cdo binh Ngd: "NhQ binh minh dQng nUdc ciia dfin t$c chiing ta,<br /> nude Dai Vi$t ta vflh xUng n i n vfin hi^n da vi§c bidn soan lich sQ ciia thdi c^ dai chUa<br /> Ifiu" hofie nhu nhfi bfic hoe Ld Quf Dfln dfi dU(?c chQ f, cho ndn rfi^t khfl khftn tim hiiu<br /> vid't: "Vfiy cfii tdn Giao Chi da cfl tQ Ifiu, d u ^ d n h hinh xa hpi dUdng thdi.<br /> Kinh thi goi lfi Minh dd (1), thQc dfing lfi Sau nhilu nfim nghien cQu ciia gidi khoa<br /> cfii vQc sfiu, cfii chim rfim chQa tich vfin hpc ljch sQ, die bi^t dUa vfio thfinh tuu cua<br /> minh cua ngQdi ta vfiy" (2). Phan Huy Chu Khao c6 hoc hdn mdt t h ^ ^ qua, tren dfit<br /> trong bd bfich khoa Lich triiu hiin chiidng nUdc Vi$t Nam da phat hi§n hfing loat hi$n<br /> logi chi cung k h i n g djnh: "Nudc Vi$t ta vfit d ^ dfio tieu bilu cua n i n vfin hfla Ddng<br /> ti^ng khen l l nghia da hdn nghin nfim, vdn Sdn nhu trflhg dong, th^p dong, d i ^ g cu san<br /> ed thu tich da tQ Ifiu lim" (3). Ong tQ hfio xufi't, do diing sinh hoat,... minh chQng m6t<br /> vdi t i n g Idp tti thQc vfi khfli lU^ng thU tich dilu: Thdi dai Dflng Sdn mfi chii nhfin lfi<br /> eua dfin t0c: "Huflhg chi Nho si ddi nfio nhQng cu dfin V\%t tQng tfin tai trong tiin<br /> eung cd, vfin chUdng nay nd nhU rQng; sfich trinh Uch sQ d i ^ g nUdc, giQ nUdc cua dfin tdc<br /> vd ngfiy ngfiy cfing nhilu, nd'u khdng trai Vi$t Nam. Khdng ai cfl t h i phu nhfin sU thfit:<br /> qua binh iQa ma thfinh tro tfin, thi h i n lfi M^t n i n Vfin minh Ddng Sdn phfit triin rdc<br /> trfiu k6o phai mdt, nhfi ehfi't phai diy" (4). rd trdn vQng dfii cu tru cua dfin tflc ban dia,<br /> Nhung dfing tiS^c, nhQng thQ tich d l dfl lfi san p h i m dUpc Mnh thfinh bdi chhih<br /> minh chQng cho thfinh tQu ciia nen vfin bfin tay khdi dc cua cQ dan Vidt.<br /> hidn dan t§c trong thdi c^, trung d^i, trai TQ t h ^ ky I dSh t h ^ ky X, trong sudt thdi<br /> qua bao phen binh IQa, cdn l?ii dSh nay k;^ bj Id thu^c vfio phong kien phQdng Bie,<br /> khdng cdn dU^c bao nhidu. Ld Qu^ Ddn vi$c bidn soan ljch sQ cua nUdc ta cung<br /> trong tfic p h i m Vdn ddi logi ngU, p h i n chUa thtfy xufi't hifln dfi'u hi$u gi die bidt.<br /> Khu vd ciing da phai t r i n trd khi n h i c d€h Cic nhfi nghien cQu mud'n tim h i i u Hch si(<br /> vi$c bidn soan lich sQ vfio nhQng thdi c l d^i giai doan nfiy thudng phai dQa vfio nhQng<br /> <br /> <br /> • TS. Vien SQ hoe<br /> Vua L& ThAnh Tflng...<br /> <br /> truyin thuyg't dfin gian cua Vi$t Nam, eiing cd quan cao n h i t cua nhfi nUde cfl nhidm vi?<br /> cfic ghi ch^p le te, nhilu khi mang tinh phi;i trfich bien soan Qud'c sQ (7).<br /> philh di^n, cQc doan tQ cfic b$ sQ nhfi nUdc Ld Vfin HUu, dd Bang nhfin khoa thi<br /> hofie tu nhfin Trung Qufl'c. nfim Dinh MQi ddi T r i n Thfii tflng (1247) lfi<br /> Theo nhQng tU h$u hi^n cfl, vi$c bidn vj Giam tu Qu6c sQ d i u tidn cua D^i Vidt.<br /> soan qudc sQ b i t d i u dupe quan tam tQ SQ gia Le Vfin HUu thfing trai nhilu chQc<br /> thdi LJ (1009-1225), song chi t h i y xufi't W trong trilu Trin, tQ Hfin lfim vi§n Hpc<br /> hi^n tfic p h i m Sit ky do tfic gia Do Thi0n SI r i i ThQpng thU B$ Binh tUdc Nhfin Uyen<br /> vilt vfio khoang nfim 1127 sau Cflng h i u . Theo thU tjch c l cho biit: Khi Lfl Vfin<br /> nguyen. Npi dung eua b$ sfich nfiy gidi h^n HUu lfim Hfin lfim vi$n Hoc si, dng dUpc<br /> tQ Tri$u Vu vUdng nfim 207 trUdc Cdng trilu T r i n ban kiem chQc Quoc sd vidn<br /> nguyin dS'n h^t trilu L^ Nhfin tflng nfim Giira tu (8). Trong giai doan giQ chQc Gifim<br /> 1127, t i n g c$ng thdi gian mfi sach d l cfip tu, Ld Vfin HQU dQdc giao nhidm vu quan<br /> kdo dfii khoang 1334 nfim. Dang til'c cufl'n trpng bien soan bd ljch sQ quflc gia tQ Tri$u<br /> sQ d i u tidn de'n nay da thfi't truyin. Theo Vu de de'n hg't trilu L^. Khdng rd thdi gian<br /> suy doan chii quan, cd le thdi k^^ nfiy v i n Men soan bd Qud'c sQ cua Ld Vfin Huu lfi<br /> ehua cd hinh thfinh cd quan viet sQ cua nhfi bao Ifiu, ehi biet r i n g vfio thfing Gidng,<br /> nudc, cho nen vide bien soan lich sQ dfin toe mQa xuan nfim Nhfim Than (1272), dng dfi<br /> cung chUa dUde thUc hi$n. Chinh vi the', vfio<br /> trinh bd Dgi Viit s^ ky gIm 30 quyin ldn<br /> th^ky XV, nhfi sQ hoc Ngd Si Lien da dUa ra<br /> vua Trin Thanh Tflng. Sau khi duy$t xem,<br /> nhfin dinh v l tinh hinh bidn ch§p sQ trUde<br /> vua Thanh Tflng da ha chilu ban khen (9).<br /> khi cfl bd Dgi Viet sit ky ra ddi nfim 1272 eua<br /> Cd t h i khing dinh, Bgi Vi$t s& ky lfi san<br /> Ld Vfin HUu nhu sau: "NhQng vi thiiu sQ<br /> phim cua ed quan bien soan Qudc sQ vidn<br /> sfich bien chdp mfi sU thQc diu nghe truyen<br /> trieu Trin, la bd Quoc sQ diu tien dUdc bidn<br /> midng, ldi ghi cd p h i n quai dan, sU vi$c cd<br /> soan dudi sU chi dao cua nhfi nUdc. Dfing tiec<br /> khi quen khi sdt, cho dd'n vilt chQ khflng<br /> diing, ghi rUdm ra, chi lfim loan mit, cdn bd sQ sau dd da thfi't truyin, chiing ta chi ed<br /> dQng lfim gUdng sao dUde" (6). the tim dUdc mdt so' nfli dung edn sflt lai cua<br /> bd Quoc sQ qua 30 doan trieh dfin hidn vfin<br /> Vide bidn soan Uch sQ dan tpc dUijc trilu dupe chdp trong bd Bgi Viet sut ky todn thii vfi<br /> dinh trung Udng chQ trpng b i t diu tQ thdi dd la nhQng ddng sQ dang tin cfiy. Gidi sQ hpc<br /> T r i n (1225-1400). Nha T r i n da dfit ra hi$n dai dfinh gifi cao nhQng ddng ghi chdp<br /> Quflc sQ vi§n, vfi dfiy lfi cd quan nhfi nude cua sQ gia Ld vfin HUu: "Cfl the coi nhQng<br /> chuydn trach sUu t i m vfi bidn so^n quflc sQ doan trieh d i n dd lfi nhiing manh vd nhUng<br /> d i u tidn cua Vidt Nam. thuin khiet ciia Bgi Viit svl ky ciia Le Vfin<br /> Vide thiSt l i p Qufl'c sQ vi$n vdi chQc vu HUu cdn giQ dUde trong Bgi Viet s^ ky todn<br /> cao nhfi't IQc bfi'y gid lfi Gifim tu Quoc sQ thii va lfi cd sd dang tin cfiy nhfi't" (10).<br /> vien, dupc tham khao vfi hpc tfip mfl hinh SQ ra ddi cua bd Bgi ViSt silc ky, da danh<br /> ddi Dudng - Td'ng. Theo Uch sQ Trung Qufl'c dfi'u mflt budc tilh quan trpng trong vide bidn<br /> vfio ddi Dudng dfi b i t d i u hinh thfinh quy soan Uch sQ qudc gia eua Viet Nam, dong thdi<br /> c h l cac quan trpng t h i n trong trieu nhu T l tao cd sd cho qua trinh phfit trien sQ hpc<br /> tudng, Dai t h i n dUdc dam trach chQc Gifim trong nhiing giai doan Uch sQ ke tiep. Le Vfin<br /> tu Qud'c sQ. Nhung d i n ddi Tflng (960 - HUu xQng dfing lfi nhfi sQ hpc diu tidn md<br /> 1238) mdi xufi't hidn tdn gpi Qufl'c sQ vien lfi dudng eho vide bidn soan qudc sQ cua dfin tflc.<br />  Rghien eiiru Ljeh sJr. s61.Z013<br /> <br /> Sau L6 Vftn Hou, vfto thang 9 nftm Dinh S i u nguyin) d i n trudc khi thftnh llip trilu Ll<br /> niSn hi^u Khai H\fu thfl 8, dcri vua TrSn HiSh (1428), thSi gian klo dfti hon 1500 nftm.<br /> T6ng (1337), Nguyin Trung Ngsm dang Ift An Vdi 38 nftm tri vi (1460-1497), Le Thftnh<br /> phu sfl Ngh$ An cOng dU(Jo trilu Trfo ban T i n g dft xfty d i ^ g quic gia Dai Vi$t m^t<br /> kiSm chflc Qu6c s i vi$n Giftra tu (11). t h i c h l chfnh trj phong k i l n phat triin<br /> II. NhCmg d 6 n g g6p c u a v u a hi toftn di^n. Ong quan tftm d i n moi mftt ciia<br /> T h i n h T 6 n g t r « n Itnh v^c ail h p c m | t quic gia, t i i n hftnh cai cftch hftnh<br /> Vudng trilu L8 dUcJc thftnh 14p nftm chfnh tfl trung Udng d i n d)a phUdng. Trong<br /> 1428, ngofti vi$c tflp trung ciing ctf vft xfty dl, vlfn d l sfl hoc dUdc L l Thanh T i n g chfl<br /> di^ng t h i c h l chfnh tri, tSng cudng qufic trpng k i t h f l a vft phftt triin. BiSn soan quIc<br /> phdng, d^y manh phftt triin kinh t l , c6n sfl trilu Le Thftnh T i n g dftnh dft'u mot mic<br /> chii y ngay tfli vi$c k l thiJa truyin t h i n g son trong st^ nghi$p sfl hpc dan t$c.<br /> bi6n sojn quic sik c6 til trilu TrSn. Nhft L6 Quic sfl vi^n - cd quan chuyftn trach sfl<br /> cung da l^p ra co quan chuyfin trftch v l hpc tilp ti;u: dupc vua Le Thanh ting duy tri<br /> quic sii 1ft Quic s i vi$n. Trong dl, ngUdi vft phat triin. Tfl t h i ky XI trci di, Thftng<br /> dflng d^u Quoc sii v i | n 1ft Tri Quoc sfl vi^n Long da luon luin hi$n didn vdi vai tro 1ft<br /> (12). Svi gia Phan Phu Tito 1ft nguW dSu trung tftm chfnh tri vft vftn hda ciia ca nudc.<br /> tien dam nhiem chflc VT^ nfty. Sau dl, thftng Din trilu Le, Thftng Long Que nfty vdi ten gpi<br /> 12 nien hieu Thai Hoa thfl 6, dcfi vua Le 1ft Ddng Do) vfin dupc cftc vua Le coi trpng, 1ft<br /> Nhan tdng (1448), da d p them chflc Quoc ndi tftp trung mpi cd quan d i u nfto cua trilu<br /> sfl viSn Dong tu sfl. Nhflng ngflcli gifl chflc CQnh. Duong nhien Quic sfl vi$n - cd quan<br /> CO BW Phflc, Nguyin VSn Chit, Phan bien soan sfl quic gia luon dupc dftt ben canh<br /> Hoan, Nguyin Thiic Thong (13). ThUc ra, nhft vua vft cftc cd quan trpng yiu cua vUdng<br /> chflc Quoc sfl quan Dong tu sfl da dU(?c dftt trilu tai Kinh d l Thftng Long.<br /> ra tfl trUlc vft d i n nSm 1448 thi b i n vita Tuy Le Thftnh T i n g 1ft m | t vi quftn<br /> quan vfla k l tren mdi du^c trilu Le chfnh vuong, I n g khong true t i l p 1ft ngudi tiafc<br /> thflc trao cho gifl chflc nfty. Vi vfto 4 thftng hi§n vi$c Iftm quic sfl, nhUng vf vua tfti gioi<br /> trudc, tflc 1ft thang 8 nftm 1448, sii c6 chip uy6n bftc tren Dnh v\fc vftn hda, thudng<br /> sU ki$n vi§n quan "Quic sfl Ding tu 1ft xuySn quan t i m vft t^o dilu ki$n cho cing<br /> Nguyin VSn To xin tfl chflc" (14). tac chep sfl phftt triin. Tfl tudng chi dao vl<br /> So vdi Quic sfl vi$n trilu Trin thi ho?t vi$c bien 80?n quic sfl cila Le Thftnh Ting<br /> ding biSn soan cua Quic sfl vi^n trieu lA c6 da dupc cftc sfl gia dudng thdi, trong dl<br /> hi|u qua vft dat dfl^ nhflng thftnh tflu Mn xuS't sic nhtft 1ft N g i Si Lien da quftn tri$t<br /> hdn. B | Bifi Vi^t su: ky do Phan Phu Tiin phy vft the h i | n sftu s i c vfto n i i dung cua b |<br /> trach chlnh 14 bo Quic sfl d i u ti6n dui)c thi^c Dfli Vi^t sit ky todn thit. Chung ta cl thi<br /> hiin dudi trilu Le. Nftm At Hcpi (1455), Ing k h i i q u i t d i n g gdp cua Le Thftnh Ting vfto<br /> vua dUdng tri vi 1ft Le NhSn Tong sai Phan Unh vUc bien so^n quic sfl nhu sau:<br /> Phu Tien soan bp Dai Vi?t sfl k^, giai do?n tfl<br /> 1. Co y thiic coi trfng, d6n doc, situ tam<br /> T r i n Thai Tong din khi quSn Minh rflt v l<br /> thu th&p tit li^u mdt cdch todn diin, k l ca<br /> nulc (tflc tfl 1226 din 1427), gIm 10 quyin<br /> nhflng t u U^u d i n gian, da sfl... sau dl,<br /> (16). Nhu vfty, cho din deli vua L6 N h t o Ting<br /> dupc giam dinh phe phftn nghiem tuc vft<br /> (1443- 1459), be Quoc sfl da dUdc chip tfl<br /> chpn Ifla c i n thftn. Theo ghi ch6p cua thu<br /> Trieu vUOng K e n Dflc (nftm 111 trfldc Cong<br /> tjch, c l it n h i t 2 l i n vua Le Thanh T i n g da<br /> Vua h& Thanh TQng..<br /> <br /> ban ldnh cho quin t h i n eUu tfip sQ li§u trong VUdng, Lac Long Qufin, HQng VUdng, An<br /> dfin gian. Dilu nfiy da dUpc cfic sQ gia nil DUdng VUdng, l i n d i u tidn vfio qudc sQ (19).<br /> tidng cua nUdc ta lfi Ngfl Si Lidn vfi Ld Qu^ Ciing chfnh tQ Ngfl Si Lidn vdi phin Ngogi ky<br /> Ddn phan anh trong efie cdng trinh sQ hpc ciia cua minh da khdi diu cho quan ni§ra "Con<br /> nunh. Trong Bfii tQa eua bo Doi Vi^t sCc ky chfiu l^c Hing", "Con Ring, chiu Tidn", "Con<br /> todn thii, Ngd ^ Lien vilt: "Khoang nfim chfiu vua HQng" (20) hinh thfinh trong nhfin<br /> Quang Thufin (1460-1469) xuflhg chilu tim dfin vfi dupe til'p nfli mai cho din ngfiy nay vfi<br /> kiem da sQ vfi cfic truy$n kf xUa nay, do cfic cho tdi mai sau.<br /> tu nhfin cit giQ, diu ra l^nh dfing ca len di Sau nhQng biln ctf xay ra trong cung<br /> s i n tham khao" (16). SQ gia Ld Qu^ Ddn song dinh, Ld Thfinh Tflng Ifin n i m giQ ngdi vua<br /> vfio nOa sau thi" ky XVIH, trong bfl Bgi Vi^t nfim 1460. Ngd Si Lidn vdi vai trd Dfl NgU<br /> thdng sd hay cdn gpi lfi lA triiu thdng sit, da sQ da cd nhQng f kid'n can gifin khdng dUpe<br /> cfl nhQng ldi dfinh gifi cao v l cflng tfic chuin Ld Thfinh Tdng vQa f, cho ndn, nfim 1461,<br /> hi sQ U$u cho bidn soan quflc sQ eua Thfinh<br /> dng bj huyin chQc Dd NgQ sQ vfi dUpc giao<br /> Tdng: "Vua Thfinh Tdng ham thich sfich vd,<br /> chQc vy L§ bO hQu Thi lang kiim Qud'c tQ<br /> hii d i u nam Quang Thufin (1460-1469) h^<br /> giira Tu nghidp. Cd t h i nhfin thfi^y, tQ sau<br /> chid'u tim tdi cfic da sQ, thu thfip truy$n 1^ co<br /> khi Ngd Si Lidn chuyin sang boat ddng<br /> kim cdn chQa d efie nhfi ridng dera dfing ldn<br /> trdn Knh vQc vfin hfla - giao due, flng da<br /> tfi't ca. Khoang nfim Hing DQc (1470-1497),<br /> phfit huy dupc sd trUdng cQng nfing lUc eua<br /> nhfi vua lai ha chil'u ciu nhQng sfich cdn sflt<br /> minh. Trdn 10 nam sau, vfio nam 1471,<br /> lai dera chQa cfit Bi cfic" (17). SQ gia hp Lfl cdn<br /> cho hilt: Trong dip nfiy nhilu ngUdi da dem Ngfl Si Lien dUpc trao cho chQe SQ quan tu<br /> ca sfich quy, hie'm la, ngay ea sfich bi truyin soan. Cho dl'n nam 1479, Le Thanh Tdng<br /> vfi tfi't ca mpi ngUdi dfing sfich diu dupe trieu l^i "sai SI? quan Tu sogn Ngd Si Liin sogn<br /> (£nh khuyin khich ban khen thudng dung bd Bgi Viet svC ky todn thU 15 quyen" (21).<br /> mQc. Vi the, tiidng qua nhQng dpt siiu t i m Trdn mdt cUdng vi mdi - bidn soan qufl'c<br /> dudi trilu vua Le Thfinh Tdng, rfi't nhilu sfich sQ, Ngfl Si Lien da mang h i t sQc lUc vfi tfim<br /> quy cua ddi trude cung d i n din dUpc phfit huye't dl gdp p h i n eung cfic nhfi sQ hpc tao<br /> hi$n vfi thu thfip lai de phyc vu cho cdng tfic ra mdt bp lich sQ dfin tdc d l ddi. Trong bp<br /> viS't Quoc sQ (18). qufl'c sQ ldn nfiy, dng da d l lai nhieu dfi'u i n<br /> quan trpng, dong thdi cung t h i hi$n dupe<br /> 2. Niu cao tii tiidng yiu ni/dc, tinh thdn tii tu tudng cQng nhfin cfich eua mdt sQ gia<br /> hdo ddn tdc sdu sdc, bdt ddu chinh thi^ tgo Vi$t Nam thdi phong kiln.<br /> diing viec ddn tdc Viit co nguSn gde titi&n tii Neil chung ta dfi danh gia cao ddng gdp<br /> Kink BiiOng Vuang - HUng Viiang, khai md cua SQ gia Ngd Si Lien thi eung khdng t h i<br /> mdt truyin thdng "con Lgc, chdu Hong". Cfic phu nhfin vai trd cua vi vua sfing sud't Le<br /> nhfi nghidn cQu diu da ghi nhfin ddng gdp Thfinh Tdng. Vi chfnh dng vua nfiy da phat<br /> xuit sic cua Ngd Si Lidn trong vide bien s o ^ hi$n ra tfii nfing trdn Hnh vQc sQ hpc cua<br /> radi p h i n Ngogi ky chdp tQ Hing Bfing thj Ngd Si Lidn vfi tao cd h0i cQng dilu kidn<br /> dd'u hiit ddi An Dudng VUdng trong b0 sach cho ngdi but cua Ngd Si Lien dQdc cd dip<br /> Dgi Viet sH ky todn thii. Ong da chinh thQe phfit triin. Chic chin khi efie sd t h i n trinh<br /> dUa Uch sQ thdi dai rad nUdc cdn mang tinh bfiy phfim le, ndi dung ban thao bfl sfich, da<br /> ehfi't nOa huyen tho^i nOa ljch sQ cua dfin tdc dQpc vi qufin vUdng Ld Thanh Tdng dpc<br /> Vi$t Nam bao gIm cfic ddi Kinh DUdng duy$t, cho phdp thi chung ta ngfiy nay mdi<br />  Rghifin eiJru Lieh ajr. s61.2013<br /> <br /> <br /> cfl dupe nhQng trang vi^t cua b$ Qud'c sQ Thfinh t i ^ ldn nhfi't dUdc ghi nhfin cua<br /> trfin d i y nilm tU hfio dfin t$c. Quoc sQ vi$n dUdi thdi vua Ld Thfinh Tdng lfi<br /> 3. Khdng dinh chu quyin ldnh thdquSc v i ^ h i t d i u dfit cd sd cho vi§c bien soan bp<br /> gia, khdng nhdn nhiing ki thti xdm phgm Dgi Vi4t sit ky todn thii. Nftm 1471, Ld Thfinh<br /> biin ciidng TdquS'c Tflng giao cho SQ quan Tu so^n Ngfl S Lien<br /> ChQng ta cin nhic dl'n cfiu ndi nii til'ng bidn so^n b^ Qufic sQ, sau 8 nftm cQng vdi cfic<br /> ding sQ mi§t mfii, vfio thfing 1 nfim 1479, sd<br /> cua vua Ld Thfinh Tflng nhU m^t Tuydn ngfln<br /> gia hp Ngfl dfi trinh ldn vua m$t bfi sQ cd ten<br /> vl chu quyin Ifinh t h i qufic gia trong bfii Dy<br /> lfi Bgi Vi^t sit ky todn thii, 15 quyin. Thflng<br /> ban cho Thfii bao lA Cinh Huy, dUpc chfip<br /> qua bidn soan qufic sii, LS Thfinh Tflng da tfip<br /> trong bd Bgi Viit sut ky todn thit. "M^t thUdc<br /> hpp dupc m$t dpi ngu sut gia tfii gidi, tfim<br /> nui, m0t tic sflng cua ta, 16 nfio nen vQt bd?...<br /> huyfiit vdi ljch ail dfin t ^ . Lfl QuJ Ddn da ca<br /> Nlu ngUdi dim dera ra^t thUdc m^t tfic d i t<br /> ngpi v i ^ tuyin chpn sii gia dUdi trilu Le<br /> cua Thfii t l lfim mii cho gific, thi tdi phai tru<br /> Thfinh Tflng nhu sau; "Bfi'y gid (chi trilu Le<br /> di" (22). Chfnh sfich bidn cUdng, dfic bidt lfi<br /> Thfinh Tfln^ kfin chpn sQ quan rfi't cin trpng,<br /> ddi vdi phUdng Bie eua trilu Ld trong giai nhu sQ quan Ld Nghla chdp thing, giQ ngay,<br /> doan eudi t h i ky XV da lfim nii bfit tfii lanh ed khf til't c^ nhfin" (25). Su ki§n sQ thin L§<br /> d^o khdn k h ^ , Qng xQ diy mUu lUpe cua vj Nghia mfi Ld Qu^ Ddn nhic d^n dupc chip<br /> vua Thfinh Tflng. Trong cfic b$ sfich hi^n cdn diy du trong bd Bgi Viit SIJC ky todn thii. N6i<br /> nhu Bgi Viit su" ky todn thii, Quoc triiu hinh dung c u ^ dm t h o ^ giQa SQ quan Ld Nghia<br /> lugt cua Viet Nam vfi Minh sii ky si/ bdn mat, vfi Le Thanh Tdng xoay quanh vide nhfi vua<br /> Minh Hien tdng thiA: lgc hay Minh su! cua muon xem Quoc sQ, nhUng SQ quan khdng<br /> phfa Trung Qud'c diu cfl rfit nhilu ghi chdp ding f. Ld N ^ a da t h i n g t h i n ndi vdi vj vua<br /> minh chQng: trilu Le Thanh Tdng da chu dfmg tri vi: "Vua mfi xem Quoc sQ, hfin khflng<br /> ddng gifinh tQng tfi'e dfi't bien cUdng, bao v^ phai lfi vide hay" (26), hofie "Chi cin Bfl h§L c£f<br /> tofin v?n lanh tho quflc gia (23). Ld Thfinh ging lfim dilu hay thfli, vi§c ^ phai xem<br /> Tdng dfi dUa vfio thuc lUc cua minh, xfiy dUng Qudc sQ" (27). Thflng qua sU ki$n nfiy, sik<br /> dUdc mflt qudc gia D^i Vipt mfi kd thQ lfi trilu sfich ciia Vi^t Nam tQ xUa den nay vin rit bi<br /> Minh ciing phai edng nhfin lfi "qudc phu binh hfio v l tfnh trung thUc, khdng sp cim quyin,<br /> cudng" (24). dQ lfi m$t vi qufin vUdng dQng diu qudc gia<br /> 4. Cdng lao to ldn hOn cd trin linh viic sH cua ngudi chdp sQ.<br /> hgc cda vua Li Thdnh Tdng Id trin ca sd ki BO Bgi Vi4t suC ky todn thii b i t d i u dUpc<br /> thaa thdnh tiiu cda cdc triiu dgi triidc dd bidn soan tQ t r i l u Le Thanh Tdng dUpc kit<br /> ddy mgnh vi$c xdy diing Qudc sit vi$n - ca thuc vfio nfim 1697 lfi san p h i m ehung diic<br /> quan biin sogn qudc sit. Cd c i u cua Qufic cua n i n sQ hpc chfnh thong tQ thl^ ky XIII<br /> sQ vi$n dupc md rpng vfi dfit thfim cic chQc dl'n t h ^ ky XVII vdi sQ ddng gflp cua nhilu<br /> vy cfl tfnh ehfi't chuyen mfln hda cao nhU Tu nhfi 8ii hpc noi tiing trong giai doan Uch ait<br /> sQ, Tu soan. Trong dfl chQc SQ quan Tu b i y gid. Bp Bgi Viit sit ky todn thii la mflt<br /> soan dupc trao cho vien quan trQc tiep bifln bp qufl'c sQ ldn "lfi thfinh tUu cua n i n vfin<br /> soan ljch sii, mang tfnh ehuydn mdn hda hda D^i Vi$t" (28), "lfi mdt cdng trinh tfip<br /> cao. NgUdi d i u tien dupe trao chQc nfiy d^i thfinh nhieu b^ avt do n h i l u nhfi sii hoc<br /> dudi thdi Ld Thanh Tflng lfi nhfi sQ hpc n i i cua cfic ddi bidn soan, tQ Ld Vfin HQU dtii<br /> til'ng Ngd Si Lien. T r i n , qua P h a n Phu Tien, Ngd K Lifln, Vu<br /> Vua La T h t o h Tflng...<br /> <br /> <br /> Qujfnh ddi Ld sd, d l ' n P h a m C d n g TrQ, Lfl Lfl T h i n h T d n g c u a sQ g i a T r i n T r o n g K i m<br /> H y . . . ddi Ld T r u n g h u n g , cQng n h Q n g n g u d i t r o n g sfich Vi^t Nam sd liipc - b p sQ V i d t<br /> cfing sU c u a h p " (29). N a m d i u t i d n dUpc v i l t b i n g chQ Qud'c ngQ<br /> Lfl T h i n h Tfing t r o n g 3 8 nfim lfim v u a cfich dfiy g i n 1 0 0 nfim nhU sau: "Xem<br /> d a d U a qufic g i a D ^ i V i d t p h a t t r i i n m ^ n h n h Q n g cfing vi$c c u a v u a Lfl T h f i n h T o n g<br /> rae tofin d i § n t r d n c a l i n h vi^c c h f n h t r j , t h i Ngfii thfit lfi m $ t dfi'ng m i n h quan.<br /> k i n h t l ' vfi vfin h d a - sQ h p c . N h f i n d j p k y N h Q n g sU vfin t r j vfi vo cfing d nUdc N a m t a<br /> n i $ m 5 7 0 nftm ngfiy s i n h e u a Lfl T h f i n h k h d n g cfl d d i nfio t h i n h h d n ddi H i n g DQc.<br /> T d n g ( 1 4 4 2 - 2 0 1 2 ) , c h Q n g t a cQng n h a u fin N h d cd v u a Lfl Thfii T l t h i g i a n g s d n nUdc<br /> l a i cffng h i l ' n xufi't s i c t r e n l i n h vQc bifin N a m m d i cdn, vfi n h d cd v u a T h f i n h T d n g<br /> s o a n Qufl'c sQ, coi t r p n g vfin h i i n dfin t^c t h i vfin h d a nUdc t a m d i t h i n h , vfiy n e n<br /> c u a vj v u a tfii nftng xufi't c h i i n g . D l t h a y ldi ngUdi A n N a m t a khflng b a o gid q u d n cflng<br /> k i t lufin, c h i i n g t d i x i n d U a r a n h f i n d j n h v l dQc h a i flng v u a i y " (30).<br /> <br /> <br /> CHUTHfCH<br /> <br /> (1). Minh d8 ^ i ! : Theo sfich Chu li, lfi tfin m$t Hft N§i, 1998, t r . l 3 .<br /> cfii cliim nliiiu co rfim rap. Cfing tSn Minh dd c6 (17), (18), (25). U QuJ Dfin: Dgi Viit thdng sCc,<br /> nhiiu chQ viit khac nhau, nhUng i m gifihg nhau, Nxb. Vftn h6a ThSng tin, Hft N6i, 2007, tr. 124-<br /> d i u chi lfi m$t ndi Minh da ca: Vong ChU, M^nh 125, 125, 23.<br /> trU, Mginh ChU, Minh ChU. Sach chii thfch; c h i m (20). Phan Dgi Doftn - Trfin Kim Dinh: Dgi Viit sU<br /> nfty d phfa nam a6ng Holing Hfi Ifiu ngky nu6c lyt ky todn thu vdi sil ngiing kit vdn hoa truyin thing<br /> nhilu, trfin ngfip, bi l i p kfn, nay kh6ng ro fl dja Viet Nam, in trong Ngd Si Liin wM Dgi Viit svC ky<br /> dilm n4o. ff ?S ( ^ H"*). ® B EP t ffi, 1988. TH todn thu, GS. Phan D ^ Doan chil bi6n, Nxb. Chinh<br /> Hdi Qiijp dinh ban), Trung Qudc, ThUdng vy da trj Qu& gia. Hft N6i, 1998, tr. 289.<br /> t h u qufin, 1988, tr. 362, 400. (23). Nguyin HOu Tfim; Triiu vua Li Thdnh TSng<br /> (2), (5). LS Quy Don: Vdn ddi loai ngS, T.I, odi chinh sdch bdo vi biin ci/cfngphid bdc. in troi^Le<br /> Nxb. Vftn h6a, Hft N§i, 1962, tr. 137, 170. Thanh Tdng (1442-1497) con ngUfi** vd s{l nghiip,<br /> (3), (4). Phan Huy Chu: IJch triiu hien chUOr^ Nxb. DHQGHN, Hft N6i, 1997, tr. 270-280.<br /> logi chi, T.n, Nxb. Giao dye, Hft Noi, 2007, tr. 379. (24). Nguyen vftn ^$, (Minh sii) chfip:<br /> (6). D^i Vi4t su! ky todn thii, T.I, Nxb. IChoa hpc mm^^Mmm^ititH^X. Phien am: "Hao hftng<br /> xa h§i, Hft N$i, 1998, tr. 99. kift, tu phy qudc phd binh cUdng triit toa d^i",<br /> (T). B mt}^•. ^ m M f^nmmm.itt^m nghia 1ft; H90 (chi vua L6 Thfinh t6ng) hfing dung<br /> its fct, :Jt :K, 1999. (La T6ng L^c chii bifin: Trung ki^t x u i t , t u phy nudc giftu qufin m^nh, thudng<br /> Quic l)ch d ^ quan ch^ d ^ tU diln, Bftc ICinh x u i t ngang nhiSn Iftm phfich". ifijgM^: m^,<br /> ban xa, Bie Kinh, 1994, tr. 507) CTrung vftn). «HW:::-f—, mwm~0%, n a - - S m . (Nh6m Trddng<br /> (8). Dgi Vi4t SI? ky todn thii, T.II, Nxb. Khoa Efinh Ngyc; Minh aii, q.321, Li^t t r u y | n 209, Ngogi<br /> hocxft h$i, Hft Noi, 1998, tr. 38. qufic nhj; An Nam).<br /> (9), (II), (13), (14), (15), (21), (22), (26), (27). (28). Dgi Viit sit ky todn thil. T.I, sdd, Nguyin<br /> Dgi Vi4t su! ky todn thU, T.H, edd, tr. 38, 125, 367, Khfinh Toftn: Ldi gidi thi$u, tr.8.<br /> 365, 379, 473, 462, 424, 424. (29). Dgi Viit si ky todn thU, T.I, add, Phan<br /> (10), (16), (19). Bgi Viit sil ky todn thil, T.I, add, Huy L§: Dgi Viit svC ky todn thii - 7'dc gid - Van<br /> tr.l20, 100, 23. bdn - Tdc phim, tr. 11,<br /> (12). Qudfc sil quan triiu Nguyin: Khdm dink (30). T r i n Trong Kim: Vi^t Nam su! liOc, tai ban,<br /> Viit sit thdng gidm ciiong muc, T.I, Nxb. Gifio dye. Nxb. Vfin h6a Thfing tin, Hft Nfii, 1999, tr. 267.<br />