Xuất khẩu gạo ở Việt Nam thời Pháp thuộc (1858-1945)

XUAT K H A r GAO 6 VIET ]\AM T H d l<br /> P H A P THUOC ( 1 8 5 8 - 1 9 4 5 )<br /> <br /> <br /> TRANVI^TNGHU'<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> T rong thdi k^ Phap thudc gao la mat<br /> hang xua't khdu chien iQpc c6 gia tri<br /> kinh te cao nha't b Viet Nam. Tuy nhien,<br /> du ca'm xua't khdu gao ddu tien (1). Sac du<br /> nay ban ra trong hdi canh dan doi la hdp ly,<br /> nhQng la cd scl ndn tang cho chinh sach<br /> xua't khdu gao chi dem lai Idi feh to 16n eho ca'm xua't khdu gao ve sau. Nam 1816, nha<br /> tQ ban Phap, Hoa thifdng va dia chu, con vua ra dao luat Cam ra bien trong do eo<br /> da sdnong dan - nhQng ngQcli triic tidp lam ca'm xua't khdu gao: "Ca'm thuyen buon ehci<br /> ra hat gao lai so'ng trong sQ d6i nghdo eQng rieng gao, hoa vSt thong thQdng vdi nU6c<br /> eUe. Hat gao xua't kh^u khong ehi gan lidn ngoai. Ke nao vi pham thi la'y luat ra rieng<br /> vdi dcii so'ng kinh td, ma eon lien quan chat bd coi va luat pham ca'm ra bien de xQ.<br /> che ddn cac va'n dd chinh tri, xa hoi, phong Thuyen va hang hoa sung eong. Quan sb<br /> trao da'u tranh giai ea'p va giai ph6ng dan tai bidt ma c6 y dung tung thi cung toi" (2).<br /> tSe cl Viet Nam trQ6c Caeh mang Thang Cae vi vua kdtiep la Minh M§nh, Thieu<br /> Tam nam 1945. Tri va Tu DQe deu co gkng kiem soat gao.<br /> 1. Xua't khau gao t r o n g thdi ky thiic Tridu dinh ca'm dan ehung khong dUdc ban<br /> dan Phap x a m lifcfc: 1858-1886 gao eho thuyen buon nUde ngoai va thuyen<br /> Trxtdc khi thQe dSn Phap xam iQdc thi buon nude ngoai den mua gao. Neu ke ban<br /> gao la mot trong nhQng mat hang hi tridu ngQdi mua bi phat giac se hi tridu dinh xQ<br /> Nguyen kidm soat chat ehe nha't. Trong ly theo phap luat. Tuy dQa ra nhQng hinh<br /> thcli ky chidn tranh v6i quan TSy Sdn, phat ha khSc, nhUng trieu dinh van khong<br /> Nguydn Anh tQng xua't khdu gao de la'y kiem soat dQdc nan buon lau gao trong<br /> tidn mua nhQng hang hoa thidt yeu tQ niide nUdc. Gao vkn bi thdm lau ra nUde ngoai.<br /> ngoai, dac biet la vu khi. Ngudn gao ddi dao TrQde tinh hinh buon lau gao gia tang, nSm<br /> 6 da't Nam Ky da gop phdn giup ong danh 1847 Tong do'c Nguy Khae Tuan dang sd<br /> bai quan Tay Sdn. Nam 1802 ong Ion ngoi xin trieu dinh bai bo lenh ca'm xua't khau<br /> vua, la'y hieu la Gia Long. gao. Vua Thieu Tri da bac bd ban sd nky.<br /> Den ddu ddi vua T\l DQe tinh hinh xua't<br /> Thang 2-1803, vua Gia Long la'y cd dan<br /> khdu gao lau vkn didn bien ra't phQc tap.<br /> Gia Dinh hi doi va gia gao len eao dd ra Sac<br /> <br /> * TS. Khoa Lieh sQ, TrQdng Dai hoc KHXH&NV-DHQGHN<br />  Hgnien cini jjjcn sir, so lU.awia<br /> <br /> M^c dQ ca'm tQ thQdng xua't khdu g^o, Ho^t d$ng xua't kha'u gao trong thdi k^<br /> nhUng tridu dinh vikn dQa m^t ad thuydn 1860-1866 chu ydu diSn ra tren dia ban<br /> chb gao ban cho mdt sd nQdc lang gidng dd midn Ddng Nam Kj^ va chju nhidu tac dpng<br /> c6 tidn mua nhQng hang ngo^i thidt ydu. cua chidn tranh. ThQdng nhan Phkp ehQa<br /> ThQe td la tridu Nguydn nftm dde quydn man ma vdi thi trQdng Nam Kj> la do ho<br /> trong xuft't khdu gao. quan tfim nhidu hdn ddn eac thi trQdng<br /> Chfnh sach ca'm xu&'t khdu ggo c6 tQ truydn thdng va cdc thu^e dia ma d dd tinh<br /> thdi Gia Long, nhQng x^t ca mot tidn trinh hinh chfnh tri da dn dinh. Tdng sd gao<br /> thi n6 n^m trong ehfnh saeh han ehd bu6n Nam Ky xua't khdu trong thdi k^ nay la<br /> ban va d6ng ciia cua tridu Nguydn. Trong 426.003 ta'n, trung binh 60.857 t?fn/nam.<br /> bdi canh kinh td, chinh tri khung hoang thi LQi;fng g^o xuft't khdu tftng nhanh sau khi<br /> si^ d6c quydn gao eua tridu Nguyen la mot thi^c dftn Phap thdn tfnh xong Nam K^.<br /> trong nhQng bi^n phap dd tang quydn li;(e Trong thdi k^ 1867-1896 Nam K^ xu^t-<br /> cua chinh quydn trung Qdng. Tridu NguySn kha'u d\i(}c 12.206.836 ttfn gao, trung binh<br /> mud'n ha gia gao dd tang uy tin ddi v6i dan 406.895 ta'n/nftm (3). Sd iQdng gao xuft't<br /> nghdo va on dinh xa hSi. Ngoai ra gia gao khdu tftng nhQng khdng dn dinh mft ed sii<br /> ha con giup tridu Nguyen dS tfch trQ dQ^c bidn ddng dang kd theo nam do ma't mQa,<br /> quSn iQdng va to ehQc cQu ddi dan ngh6o chidn tranh va thi trQdng khong on dinh.<br /> khi raa't mQa. Gao trd thftnh mat hang xua't khdu c6 gia<br /> trj kinh td cao nha't, chidm tdi gdn 6/7 tdng<br /> Chfnh sach ca'm xua't khdu gao cua tridu<br /> gift tr; xuft't khdu.<br /> Nguyen da lam cho cac hoat dong mua ban<br /> gao trong nQdc va xua't khdu gao ra thi B§n canh mot sd thi trQdng truydn<br /> trQdng qudc td gap ra't nhidu kh6 khan, thdng b chau A, g^o Nam K^ da dQpe xuft't<br /> trai vdi tinh tQ nhien cua quy luat cung sang mdt ad" thi trudng mdi nhU Phap vft<br /> cdu. Ba't cha'p SU nghiem ca'm cua tridu mdt sd nQdc ehau Au. Trung Qudc la thi<br /> dinh, nong dan nhidu ndi v i n I6n lut ban trQdng tieu thy ehfnh eua gao Nam Kj^.<br /> gao eho thUdng nhan. Ldi dung ke hb eua Ndu nhu nftm 1878 Trung Qudc nhap cua<br /> luat phap va cae quan chQc tham 10 n§n Nam Ky 1.768 tft'n g^o thi ddn nam 1895 Ift<br /> hat gao Vi§t Nam vSn bf raftt xudt ra thj 163.000 ta'n (4). LQijng gao xuft't khdu sang<br /> trQdng qudc te. Phap eon ra't khi^m tffn, ehi chidm 1/10<br /> Nam 1858 thuc dan Phap xam lQ(?e Vi^t tdng gift tri hang xua't khdu. Tdng kim<br /> Nam. Den nam 1867 chung chidm tron ngach xuft't khdu g^o cua Nam K^ thdi k$<br /> Nam Kj> lue tinh. Vi^c tridu Nguydn dd ma't 1891-1896 d^t 388.551.936 fr (francs: phd<br /> Nam K^, vua lua Idn nha't ca nQdc, da tftc rang), trung binh 64.758.656 fr/nftm (5).<br /> dong xa'u ddn cuoc khang ehien chdng Phap Nam 1892 gia tri g^o xua't kh^u sang Phap<br /> cua nhan dan ta. Quan iQdng eua tridu d^t 6.882.000 fr, thi ddn nftm 1896 giam<br /> Nguyen bi thieu hut, ddi so'ng eiia nhSn xudng con 5.634.542 fr (6).<br /> dan Trung K^ va Bftc K^ g$p khd khan do Trong khi hoat dong xua't khdu gao d<br /> ma't ngudn cung gao tQ Nam K^. Sau khi Nam Ky qua cang Sfti Gdn dien ra s6i ndi<br /> tridu Nguydn mdt quydn kidm soat Nam thi b Bac Ky l^i kha am dam. Hoa thQdng<br /> Kj^ thi hoat dong xu£t khdu gao ct day didn tuy chi phdi ho^t dong xua't khdu g^o d Bac<br /> ra tQ do. Ky, nhQng ho khdng dat moi quan h$ bu6n<br /> Xuat hhau gno 6 Viet Kam..<br /> <br /> ban true tidp vdi ngUdi ndng dan nhQ b Nam 1882, quftn Phap danh chidm Bac<br /> Nam Ky. Ho ehd gao tQ cac ndi ddn cang Ky Idn thQ hai. Nftm 1884, trieu Nguyen ky<br /> Hai Phong roi dua len tau chd di eae nQdc, Hi$p Udc Patendtre dang tron Vi$t Nam<br /> chu yeu Ift Hdng Kong. Hoa thQdng d Bac cho thUe dftn Phftp. Sau khi chiem tron<br /> Ky c6 khi nh^n dQde su Uu dai tQ phfa Vi?t Nam thUe dan Phftp da xdp Bfte Ky va<br /> chfnh quydn set tai. Nam 1866 Hoa thUdng Trung Ky vao danh muc thi trUcfng nhap<br /> den mua gao b cang Hai Phong dupc midn khdu gao Nam Ky. Mpt mftt chung vd v6t<br /> thud 5 nam vi trUdc d6 ho giup ehinh quydn gao Bac Ky xua't khdu, mat khac dUa gao<br /> danh dudi bon cudp bidn d vinh Ha Long va Nam Ky (da dftnh t h u d n h u gao xua't khdu)<br /> cxia s6ng Ca'm. Trong khi dd Hoa thUdng b ra bftn dd ftn chgnh l§eh. Ddi v6i Bftc Ky<br /> Hai DUdng va Nam Dinh phai ddng thud 1ft vi^c san xuft't gao du an da la kh6 ndi gi<br /> 4.091 lang b^e de mua 1.364.260 can g^o ddn thUa mQa dd xuft't khdu. ThUc dftn<br /> (tQdng dUdng 818,5 tdn n6) (7). Tinh Hai Phftp thu gom gao d Bfte Ky xuft't kh^u<br /> DUdng quy dinh Hoa thUdng chi ed 8-9 eftng lam cho tinh tr^ng khan hiem gao d<br /> ngay d§ mua gao chd di va ndu d qua han day th§m eftng thang, gia gao vi thd cung<br /> se bi coi Ift gian thUdng vft bi bftt giQ. leo thang va buoc phai nhftp kh^u gao tQ<br /> Nam Ky. Ngudi Phftp nhan dd true lc}i Idn<br /> Nam 1872 mot thUdng nhftn Phftp Ift Jean do chenh l^ch gia gao giQa Bftc Ky va Nam<br /> Dupuis da xam nhap Bftc Ky bft't hdp phap Ky kha cao. Nam 1887 Bfte Ky mft't mua<br /> qua dudng s6ng Hdng nen bj ehfnh quydn sd nhUng ngUdi Phap vSn xuft't cang 1.796 ta'n<br /> tai tam giQ lai. Nftm 1873 quftn Phap la'y cd gao va nhftp 45.000 ta'n gao Nam Ky (9).<br /> ra Bac Ky de xut ly ho tridu Nguydn vu<br /> J.Dupuis nhUng thue cha't la de xam lUdc. 2. X u a t k h a u gao t r o n g hai dc(t k h a i<br /> De ddi lai viee quan Phap nit khdi Bae Ky, thftc t h u o c dia: 1897-1929<br /> tridu Nguyen da ky vdi ehung ban Hiep Udc Trong ddt Idiai thac thuoe dia Idn thQ nha't<br /> Giap Tua't (1874) chft'p nhftn tU do hoa cftc (1897-1914), thuc dftn Phap da thUe hien m6t<br /> tuydn thUdng mai d Bftc Ky. Phan Qng lai so chinh sach de tang lUdng gao xuat khiu b<br /> trieu Nguydn vftn duy tri chinh sach ca'm Viet Nam nhU tao didu kien cho tQ ban<br /> xuft't kh^u gao d Bftc Ky, Hoa thQdng da gtii Phap va dia ehu cQdp doat ru6ng dat ciia<br /> thu tdi Lanh sU Phap d Hai Phong nhd can ndng dan dd tap trung ruong da't; khuye'n<br /> thi$p. Trong nhQng kien nghi gtii nam khich khai hoang lap ddn didn; dau tU eho<br /> 1879-1880, ho doa neu tinh trang nfty vSn ha tho'ng thuy n6ng; ap dung khoa hoc ky<br /> tidp tue thi se rdi bo thftnli phd'. Hp mudn thuat vao san xua't; phat trien ha tdng cd<br /> ehinh quydn eho xua't khdu gao, vftn sd; doc chidm thi trUdng...<br /> ehuyen tU do tren cae eon sdng va bai bo Tdng iQdng gao Nam Ky xua't khdu<br /> thud nhap khdu noi dia. trong thdi ky 1897-1913 la 14.061.697 ta'n,<br /> Nam 1880 trong mot bQe thU gQi Toftn trung binh 827.159 ta'n/nam (10). So vdi<br /> quydn Dong DUdng, Lanh sU Phap b Hai thcli ky 1860-1896 tdng iQdng gao xua't<br /> Phong da vui mOng thong bao ngoai thQdng khdu trong 37 nam chi dat 12.776.603 ta'n,<br /> B^e Ky dang phat trien. Trong nam nay da thi den thdi ky nay thUc dan Phap chi ma't<br /> cd 25.630 ta'n gao dUde xua't cang va thu mdt nda sd' thdi gian tren da xuft't khau<br /> dUdc 5 tri$u fr. Nam 1881 lenh ea'm xua't dUde hdn 14 trieu tft'n.<br /> khdu gao dQde bai bd (8). Mac du dat dUde nhQng thftnh tUu a'n<br /> tUi^ng trong xua't khdu g^o nhUng tang vdi sd lugng Idn. Trong thdi ky 1914-1918<br /> khSng dn dinh theo cftc nftm. Nam 1905 ad Nam Ky xua't khdu 6.321.486 tdn gao,<br /> lU(?ng gao xuft't khdu chi d^t 510.400 tft'n, trung binh 1.264.296 ta'n/nftm (13). Do<br /> nhung ddn nftm 1907 tftng vpt 16n chidm tdi 65,3% trong cd eft'u hftng hda xudt<br /> 1.264.143 tft'n. Mft't mQa Ift nguydn nhfln khdu n6n g^o vSn vQng vftng b vi tri ad mpt<br /> chfnh dSn ddn luc?ng gao xuft't khdu tftng trong danh mye eac mftt hang xu^t khdu ca<br /> khdng ddu. Trong cftc nam 1902-1906 do vd luting vft gift trj (14).<br /> thien tai gfiy mft't mQa liSn tidp n§n IU0ng NhSn cd hdi nUdc Phftp bftn mai vdi<br /> gao xuft't khdu giam trung binh 17.049 chidn tranh, Hoa thUdng tidp tuc cung cdvj<br /> tft'n/nftm ao vdi thdi ky 1897-1901. trf cua minh trong hoat ddng xuft't khdu<br /> Vdi sQc xuft't khdu gao m^nh mc eua gao. Trung Qud'c vfin la thj trudng xutft<br /> Nam Ky, Viet Nam da vUdn I§n vi trf thQ khdu g^o Idn nha't ciia Vi^t Nam. Do chidn<br /> hai trdn thd gidi vd xua't khdu g^o. Tdng ad tranh n6n ad lUpng gao xuft't sang thj<br /> gao xuft't khau eua D6ng DQdng, ehu ydu la trUdng Phap vft chftu Au giam dftng kd.<br /> Vigt Nam trong thdi ky 1899-1913 Ift Trong thdi ky 1914-1918, tdng scf gao xutft<br /> 12.660.000 tft'n (11). Trung Qudc ti6u thy tdi sang Phap la 713.877 tft'n vft chau Au la<br /> 3/4 tdng ad gao xuft't khdu cua Vi^t Nam. Do 21.381 ta'n (15).<br /> dxioc Uu dai thudnfin s6'ludng gao Vi§t Nam Trong dpt khai th&c thupc dia Idn thfl<br /> xuft't khdu sang Phap bat ddu tftng nhanh. hai (1919-1929), thiic dftn Phap da tfip<br /> Trong thdi ky 1900-1913 Nam Ky xuft't sang trung v6n ddu tQ ra't manh vfto ndng<br /> Phap vdi mQc trung binh la 124.000 ta'n nghipp, tQ 52 tri^u fr (1924) tftng Idn 400<br /> gao/nam (chidm khoang 1/4 tdng lUdng gao tridu fr (1927) (16). Chiing tao nhQng dieu<br /> xua't khdu eiia Nam Ky) (12). Phap trd kipn thuftn ldi nhft't eho dia ehu ban xQ vft<br /> thftnh nha nhap khdu gao Idn nhft't cua tu ban Phap cUdp doat rupng da't cua nong<br /> Viet Nam d thi trudng chftu Au. dftn. Cftc ddn didn c6 quy md Idn ra ddi<br /> Trong ddt khai thac nfty tuy thUc dftn ngfty eftng nhidu. Tdc dd tU ban hda trong<br /> Phap tang cudng xua't khdu thdm nhidu ndng nghi$p didn ra nhanh. H6 thd'ng thiiy<br /> mat hftng khae nhU ehd, eao su, ddu va ngd, ndng, ky thu^t, gidhg cfiy trdng, phan bdn<br /> nhUng gao v&n chidm hdn 60% tong lUijng vft ha tdng ed sd dUdc ddu tu hdn so vdi<br /> xua't khau ciia ViSt Nam. Toftn quydn trUde. Nhd ddy manh tidn trinh tftp trung<br /> Klobukowsky ehu trUdng khdng n§n dd gao ru^ng dft't vft dSu tU vdn nSn dien tieh va<br /> chi phdi nen kinh te, nhUng ngUdi Phap san lupng liia tftng dang kd, do dd lUpng<br /> vSn ra sQe xua't khdu gao vi nd mang l^i gao xua't khdu cung tftng theo.<br /> sieu li?i nhuan. Tdng lupng gao xuft't khdu trong thdi ky<br /> Trong thdi ky dien ra Thd chidn thQ 1919-1929 dat 14.079.238 tft'n, trung binh<br /> nha't (1914-1918), ho^t ddng xua't khdu g^o 1.279.930 ta'n/nam (17). Cung trong thdi ky<br /> cl Viet Nam kha dn dinh. Trong cac nftm 1920-1929, trung binh mdi nam gia trj gao<br /> 1915-1917 thien tai xay lien tuc b ca ba ky xua't khdu dat 1.673.106.100 fr (18).<br /> da lam cho san iQpng gao hi giam sut. L5 ra Sd'lUpng gao xuft't khdu tuy tftng nhUng<br /> thQe dftn Phap phai e^t giam gao xuft't khong phai Ift mdt chu6i lidn tue. Ddu nftm<br /> khdu dd dam bao nhu cdu iQdng thuc d Vi^t 1919 do Nam Ky bi mft't mQa nen vipc thu<br /> Nam, nhUng lUdng gao xuft't kh^u lai tftng mua gao rft't khd khftn. Dd ed gao xudt<br /> Xufit hhau gao d Viet Ham..<br /> <br /> khftu, ehinh quyen thuoe dia da phai quy Khdng phai la trpng di^m xua't khftu<br /> djnh mQc xua't khdu toi da Ift 20.000 gao, nhUng trong 11 nftm (1919-1929) Bde<br /> tft'n/thang, sau nang len 60.000 tft'n/thang Ky da xuft't dUdc 1.838.167 tft'n gao, trung<br /> theo ty le 2/3 eho cac nhft xua't khdu Phap binh moi nftm xuft't cang dUde 167.113 ta'n<br /> va 1/3 cho Hoa thUdng. Quy dinh nay luc gao (21). Sd lUdng gao xua't khdu cua Bfte<br /> ddu td ra ed hieu qua, nhUng ddn thftng 6- Ky ft hdn ra't nhieu so vdi Nam Ky. Thuc<br /> 1919 thi khd khan mdi nay sinh. Do san dftn Phap vd v6t gao Bac Ky xuft't cang Ift<br /> lupng thde thu hoach tha'p hdn nhidu mQc dd lam thi trUdng gao cl dfty ludn khan<br /> du kidn tQ 800.000 ta'n xudng gdn 540.000 hidm rdi dem gfio Nam Ky ra ban vdi gia<br /> tft'n. Trong khi d6 chfnh quydn y§u cdu cao dd thu Ipi. Day la m6t mftnh khde trong<br /> 300.000 tft'n, nghiep doftn cac nhft xuft't kinh doanh eua ngUdi Phap.<br /> khdu yeu eau 250.000 tft'n vft cftc chfnh<br /> 3. Hoat d o n g xua't k h a u gao t r o n g<br /> phu nUdc ngoai yeu edu 100.000 ta'n (19).<br /> thdi k y 1930-1945<br /> Nan ddi Ian rong ra khap eae tinh Nam<br /> Ky. Lo sd dftn doi cd thd lam bdng phat Cupe khung hoang kinh te thd gidi 1929-<br /> cac hoat dong ehdng Phap nSn ddn thang 1933 da cd tftc dpng ra't Idn den tinh hinh<br /> 7-1919 Toftn quydn Dong DQdng da ra xuft't kh^u gao d Viet Nam. TQ nftm 1930 gia<br /> lenh Cam xuat khau gao. Do dUdc mua gao bi trUdt ddc manh. Gift mot ta gao vao<br /> vfto vu eud'i nftm nen hoat ddng xuft't kh^u thdi diem thang 4-1930 1ft 13,10 $, thang 7-<br /> gao b Nam Ky dan trcl lai binh thUdng. 1931 la 5,62$, thang 11-1933 la 3,20 $ (22)<br /> Nftm 1919 ea Nam Ky xuft't khdu dUdc va den nam 1934 chi eon la 1,88 $.<br /> 762.529 ta'n gao va ciing la nam duy nha't Trong 6 nam (1930-1935) Bftc Ky ehi<br /> trong thdi ky 1919-1929 xuft't khiu dUdi 1 xua't khdu dUdc 233.163 tft'n gao. Tuy Nam<br /> tri$u tft'n gao. Ky vftn xua't khau dUdc 8.965.000 ta'n gao,<br /> trung binh 1.280.714 tft'n/nftm (23), nhUng<br /> Trong thdi ky nfty gao Nam Ky bat ddu va'p gia tri kinh td tha'p, ehi bang 1/3 so vdi<br /> phai sQ canh tranh gay gat tQ gao Xiem (Thai trUde khung hoang.<br /> Lan) va gao Midn Dign (Mianma). LUdng gao<br /> Tdng gift trj xuft't khdu gao va cftc san<br /> xua't sang Inddnexia va Philipin giam do hp<br /> phim tQ gao thdi ky 1930-1934 ehi dat<br /> mua gao Xiem va Mien Dien ed gia re hdn.<br /> 3.357 trieu fr, trung binh 671 trieu fr/nftm<br /> Philipin con ddnh thud cao vao gao nUdc<br /> (24). Tien thu dUdc ft khong ehi tftc dpng<br /> ngofti nham bao ho cho ndn nong nghiep xa'u tdi dbi so'ng ndng dan, ma con anh<br /> trong nude. Trung Qudc giam iQdng gao hudng tieu eUc tdi cae nha xua't khau, dia<br /> nhap khdu do khung hoang tidn te va chu va Hoa thUdng. Mot bo phftn trong sd<br /> tuydn dudng vftn tai giQa Hdng K6ng va hp bi pha san do dde hdt vo^n ddu tU vao<br /> Quang Dong thidu an toftn. Phap vft chau nong nghi§p. Ngoai ngudn vd'n tU cd hp<br /> Au cung giam iQdng nhap khau gao tU phai vay th§m eua ngftn hang, khi gia gao<br /> Nam Ky. Trong thdi ky 1919-1923, sdlUdng xudng quft thft'p thi sd tidn thu vd khong du<br /> gao Nam Ky xulft khdu sang Phap la tra nd ngan hang, n§n tai san cua hp bi<br /> 368.247 ta'n vft chau Au 1ft 230.560 tft'n (20). phat mai. SU lae quan vd xuft't khau gao<br /> Trong khi efte thi trQdng ehu chdt giam thi trUde khung hoang da tan bidn, thay vao dd<br /> thi trudng ehau My lai tang lUdng gao nhftp la mpt bau khdng khf am dam bao trQm len<br /> tu Viet Nam. eae nha xuft't khau gao.<br />  Rghten eijru Ljch ai3r. s610.2012<br /> <br /> Trong thdi ky 1930-1936, stflupng gijo ngay 6-5-1941 Nhftt da budc Phftp hftng nftm<br /> Nam Ky xua't khdu sang Phftp d^t phfii cung eft'p dii nhu cdu iQdng thQe cho<br /> 2.425.000 va thupc dja cua Phftp d^t Nh^t. TQ dfty Phftp vQa phhi vd v^t gao cung<br /> 423.000 ta'n (25). Tuy nhidn, Trung Qudc cft'p cho Nh^t, vQa vd vdt riSng cho minh.<br /> van la nhft nhftp khdu g^o Idn nhft't khi ThMc dfin Phfip dft thidt l$p d Sfti Gdn<br /> nhftp tdi gdn 40% lupng g^o xuft't khdu eua Ban chi dg,o mua bdn xudt khdu lua gao vd<br /> Nam Ky. Cftc thi trudng khfic d chfiu A do cdc sdn phim phu. Ban nfty chi dao vi^c<br /> khiing hoang kinh td eQng giam sd lU(?ng thi;(c hidn mpi djch vy tQ thu mua ddn xu^t<br /> nhftp khdu gao Nam Ky xudng cdn vfti kh^u gao vft cftc ean phdm phy dd cung Qng<br /> nghin ta'n/nam. cho chfnh qudc, thude dia vft Iftm nghia vy<br /> Tuy giam nhUng g^o vft cftc m$t hftng vdi Nh^t. Ban chi d^o s§ edp gidy ph6p<br /> xuft't khft'u tQ gao v5n chidm tdi 49,2% xua't khdu, a'n djnh ty 1$ vd khdi lUpng, sd<br /> tdng gift tri hftng xuft't khft'u b Vi^t Nam, iQpng va gift ea.<br /> dQng sau Ift ngd (14%), cao su (8,4%), than<br /> DQ ra aQc vd v6t g^o nhQng Phftp khdng<br /> (5,6%) (26).<br /> dftp Qng dii dinh mQc raft Nhftt ygu cdu.<br /> Trong thdi ky 1936-1939 ndn kinh td Ngudi Nhat vi thd nghi ngd sU thidu thi$n<br /> Vi$t Nam cd nhQng da'u hidu phuc hdi sau ehf eua ngUdi Phap. Vi vay ngay 30-12-<br /> khiing hoang. Gao la'y lai da xuft't khdu khft 1941 Phftp thftnh Iftp Liin doan gao vd ngd<br /> manh. Tong sd gao xua't khdu trong 4 nam de vd v6t tren quy mo Idn nhftm dam bao<br /> nay dat 5.909.000 ta'n, trung binh cung ca'p du sd lu