Xuất khẩu thủy sản Việt Nam - thực trạng và những vấn đề đặt ra

Xudt Ichau thuy san Viet Nam - thuc trqng<br /> vd nhung vdn de dqt ra<br /> N G U ' ^ N HUtJ DAT<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> X udt khdu thuy sdn ngdy cdng dong vai trb tich ciic vdo tdng trUdng xudt khdu chung cd<br /> nUdc; tuy nhiin, vdi sU suy gidm cua kinh tetodn cdu do khung hodng tdi chinh gdy ra,<br /> xudt khdu ciia Viet Nam noi chung phdi ddi mat vdi nhieu kho khdn, thdch thde nghiim trgng.<br /> Tim cdc bien phdp thdo gd kho khdn nham tii'p tuc ddy mqnh xudt khau hdng thuy sdn dang la<br /> vdn di dUdc quan tam sdu sac d nUdc ta. Bdi viit ldm ro vai trb cua xudt khdu thuy sdn ddi vdi<br /> sU phdt trien kinh ti'Viit Nam, cdc nhdn td tdc dgng tdi hoqt dgng xudt khdu hdng thuy sdn d<br /> nUdc ta nhUng nam qua, tren cd sd do dUa ra mgt so udn di cdn chu y nhdm tiip tuc duy tri vd<br /> ddy mqnh xudt khdu hdng thuy sdn cua Viet Nam trong boi cdnh suy thodi kinh ti'todn cdu<br /> hien nay.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. Vai tro cila xuat khau hang thiiy khau cung tao dieu kien kfch thfch day manh<br /> san doi vdi s\i phat trien kinh te ap dung cac tien bd khoa hpc ky thuat vao<br /> Viet Nam san xua't, gdp p h i n md rdng quan he kinh te<br /> Xua't khiu hang thiiy san la hinh thflc qud'c te.<br /> xua't khau hflu hinh, trong dd hang hda xuat ThU ba, gdp phan giai quyet cdng an viec<br /> khau la cac san pham cd ngudn gdc tfl cac loai lam cho ngfldi lao ddng, cai thien va nang<br /> thiiy san cung nhfl cac san pham che' bien tfl cao mflc sd'ng cua ngfldi dan, giam ap Iflc di<br /> thuy san nhfl: ciic loai ca, tdm, nhuyen the va dan tfl nhflng vflng kinh te ven bien vao do<br /> cac thiiy hai san dac biet khac. Hang thuy san thi.<br /> xuat khau chil yeu la: thiiy san tflpi, thily san ThU tu, gdp p h i n md rdng va thuc day<br /> sP che, thuy san ddng lanh, thtly san ddng phat trien cac quan he ddi ngoai trong tien<br /> hop. Vai trd cua xuat khau hiing thuy san ddi trinh hdi nhap kinh te' qudc te cua Viet Nam.<br /> vdi phat trien kinh te dflpc the hien khai quat<br /> 2. Nhufng nhan to anh hitdrng de'n xua't<br /> tren nipt sd milt sau:<br /> khau thuy san cua Viet Nam<br /> ThU nhdt, ddng gdp vao viec chuyen dich<br /> Cung gid'ng nhu bat cfl loai hinh xua't<br /> CP ca'u kinh te ndng nghiep, thuc diy san<br /> khau nao, hoat ddng xuat khau thiiy san<br /> xuat ndng nghiep phat tridn. Dieu nay la do<br /> chiu Sli tac dpng cua nhieu nhan td, trong dd<br /> xuat khau thuy san giup phat trien cac<br /> cd mdt sd' nhan td' chinh sau day:<br /> nganh ehan nudi, khai thac, che bien thuy<br /> 2.1. Moi trUdng qudc te<br /> san, tu dd, tac ddng de'n nhieu mat cua qua<br /> trinh san xuat va tieu thu san pham, tao Nhflng nam gan day, thi trUPng tieu thu<br /> dieu kien cho cac vting ndng nghiep tflng thuy san tren the gidi cd nhieu bien ddng: do<br /> budc chuyen dich cP ca'u kinh te. dpi sdng ngay cang dflpc nang cao, mdt bo<br /> phan ldn ngudi dan thanh thi trp nen giau cd,<br /> ThU hai, tao dieu kien md rdng thi trfldng<br /> hp chuyen sang tieu thu dac san cao cap, lam<br /> tieu thu san phim n h i m thu ngoai te ldn de<br /> tao vdn cho qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien<br /> dai hda da't nfldc. Hpn nfla, hoat ddng xua't Nguyen Hihj Dat, TS., Vien Kinh te Viet Nam.<br /> <br /> 12<br />  Xuat khia thuy san<br /> <br /> cho san lupng tieu t h u thuy san tiep tuc khan rat ldn ve kha nang thanh toan cho<br /> tang. Khu viic Chau A dang la thi trUdng cac doanh nghiep nhap khau thily san My,<br /> cd sfl tang trudng rat manh ve tieu thu budc cac doanh nghiep nfldc nay phai cat<br /> thuy san, trong dd dac biet la thi trudng giam nhu ciu nhap khau. Theo mot cupc<br /> Trung Qud'c, Hdng Kdng, Nhat Ban, My. khao sat cila Unilever tren 47.000 ngfldi<br /> Thi trUdng Trung Qud'c, Hong Kong tieu dung cho biet, da so' hp da giam tieu<br /> nhieu nam trUdc, thi trUPng Trung Qud'c, dung cac mat hang thiiy san va mpt so'<br /> Hdng Kdng la mot trong nhflng mang thi thflc pham ddng lanh khac. Theo nhan<br /> trUPng tieu thu ldn thuy san cila Viet dinh cila dng Trflpng Dinh Hoe (Tdng thfl<br /> Nam, giai doan 2001-2004 cd sfl sa sut ky Hiep hdi che bien va xua't khau thily<br /> nghiem trpng, chu yeu do Chfnh phil san Viet Nam) thi thi trfldng nhiip khau<br /> Trung Qud'c thay ddi phflpng thflc thanh thily san ctia Viet Nam nam 2009 chae<br /> toan, quan ly ngoai hdi va ap dung mdt so' c h i n se tiep tuc giam manh. Tai hdi nghi<br /> quy dinh ve kiem dich va quan ly chat nganh thUPng mai gan day, dng Nguyen<br /> Iflpng. Tfl nam 2005-2006, nhap k h i u thiiy Hflu Dung (Phd chu tich VASEP) dfla ra<br /> san Viet Nam ctia cac thi trfldng nay da cd du bao kim ngach xuat k h i u thuy san cua<br /> bfldc phuc hdi, nhflng rat cham. Sang nam Viet Nam trong nam 2009 khd cd the vUpt<br /> 2007, sfl phuc hdi kha hPn, vdi mflc tang qua moc tang trUPng 10%.<br /> trfldng dat trung binh 25%/thang, trong dd 2.2. Moi trudng kinh doanh vd cdng<br /> thi trfldng Hdng Kdng dat tren 30%. nghe<br /> <br /> Thi trUdng Nhdt Bdn: day la thi trfldng • Vi moi trUdng kinh doanh: bao gdm<br /> nhap khau ldn thfl 2 thuy san cua Viet cac cdng cu chfnh sach khuyen khfch cila<br /> Nam, (mac dfl cd tinh trang tang trUPng Nha nUdc cung nhU cac yeu to' kinh te vi<br /> am tu cudi nam 2006). Nam 2007, Nhat md khac cd lien quan:<br /> Ban nhap sd Iflpng ldn hang thuy san Viet - Vi cong cu chinh sdch khuyin khich<br /> Nam, ehiem khoang 21,1% tdng gia tri cua Nhd nUdc doi vdi linh vUc xudt khdu<br /> xuat k h i u thuy s i n cila Viet Nam. thuy sdn. Hien nay, nen kinh te nUdc ta<br /> van hanh theo cP che thi trUdng chiu sii<br /> Tuy nhien, bfldc sang nam 2008, nhu<br /> quan ly vi md cua Nha nUdc. Dang vit Nha<br /> cau nhap khau chung ve hang thily san cd<br /> nUdc ta chil trUPng khuyen khfch da dang<br /> xu hudng suy giam, trong dd cd nhu cau<br /> hda cac thanh phan kinh te va md cfla ra<br /> nhap k h i u hang thily san cila Viet Nam<br /> ben ngoai tU do budn ban, kinh doanh<br /> do tac ddng cila suy thoai kinh te toan<br /> xua't nhap khau trong khudn khd luat<br /> ciu. Ngoai ap Iflc ddi giam gia tfl cac ddi<br /> phap cho phep, trong dd linh vUc xuat<br /> tac, nhu c i u nhap khau tfl nhflng thi<br /> khau hang thily san dupc sii quan tam<br /> trfldng ldn dang giam theo, do khd khan<br /> khuyen khfch dac biet. Cac chfnh sach<br /> ciia nen kinh te cac nfldc nay trUdc tac<br /> khuyen khfch xua't khau ciia Nha nUdc ddi<br /> ddng cua khung hoang tai chfnh the gidi.<br /> vdi linh vtic xua't khau thuy, hai siin bao<br /> Cd nhflng dPn hang n h a p khau da ky ket,<br /> gdm:<br /> nhflng cac ddi tac da clt, khdng tiep tuc<br /> mua. My la mdt trong 3 thi trfldng xua't (i) Xay dflng bieu thue xua't khau vdi<br /> k h i u chfnh cua hang thuy san Viet Nam, cac mflc rat thap hoac khdng diinh thue<br /> nhttng do suy thoai kinh te, cac ngan hang vdi mdt sd mat hang thily, hai san cd gia<br /> My dang thflc hien t h i t chat tin dung, tri tha'p;<br /> han che tdi da khdng cho cac nha nhap (ii) Cd chfnh sach chuyen dich cP ca'u thi<br /> khau My vay tien, chfnh vi the, gay khd trflpng phfl hpp vdi yeu cau khach quan;<br /> <br /> Nghien cdu Kinh tesd374 • Thang 7/2009 13<br />  Xuat khiu thuy san<br /> <br /> <br /> (iii) Ddi mdi bd may quan ly hoat ddng gay nen nhflng khd k h a n nghiem trpng<br /> thflpng mai ndi chung, xuat khau ndi cho ca ngUdi nudi trdng, danh bat thuy<br /> rieng, theo hfldng gpn nhe, nang cao chat hai san l l n cac n h a xua't khau. Bfldc vao<br /> Iflpng; nhflng thiing cudi n a m 2008, xu the dao<br /> (iv) Chuyen ddi mpt each triet de quan ngflpc lai x u a t hien, nen kinh te phai ddi<br /> ly hoat ddng xua't khau sang cP che thi mat vdi nguy cP thieu phat, suy thoai<br /> trflpng cd sfl dieu tiet cila Nha nfldc; kinh te. Vdi tinh t r a n g suy thoai kinh te<br /> (v) Cd Sli nhat quan gifla cP che quan ly dien ra tren p h a m vi toan cau da va dang<br /> kinh te chung, cP che quan ly xua't, nhap tiic ddng r a t tieu cflc tdi xua't khau thiiy<br /> khau va cP che quan ly nganh cd lien san cua Viet Nam hien nay va trong<br /> quan; nhflng nam tiep theo.<br /> (vi) Thflc hien nghiem chinh cac cam • Vi moi trUdng cong nghi: viec ap<br /> ket vdi cac td chflc trong khu vflc va WTO. dung khoa hpc ky t h u a t , cdng nghe tien<br /> tien vao cac n g a n h san xua't, gia cdng<br /> - Vi cdc yeu td kinh ti' vl mo lien quan:<br /> che bien thily san gdp p h a n lam gia tang<br /> (1) Yeu to' ty gid ho'i dodi. Yeu td' nay giii tri cac siin p h a m thily san, tfl dd gdp<br /> tac ddng manh me tdi hoat dpng kinh p h a n d i y m a n h xua't k h a u h a n g thuy<br /> doanh xuat k h i u cua cac doanh nghiep, nd san cua Viet N a m t r e n thi trfldng qud'c<br /> tac ddng trflc tiep tdi hieu qua trong te. Hpn nfla, ky t h u a t cdng nghe phat<br /> thflpng mai qud'c te. Ty gia hdi doai tang trien m a n h , nha't la cdng nghe thdng tin,<br /> se khuyen khfch nhap khau, han che xuat cung da cd nhflng tac ddng r a t tfch cflc<br /> khau va ngflpc lai. Cd the ndi ty gia hdi ddi vdi cdng tac q u a n g ba cac san pham<br /> doai dflpc vf nhfl chiec gay vd hinh dieu thuy san cua Viet N a m nhflng nam qua.<br /> khien hoat dpng xua't khau. 0 nfldc ta Tai Viet N a m , doanh nghiep cd the lap<br /> nhflng nam qua, chfnh sach ty gia hdi doai t r a n g web rieng de gidi t h i e u cac thdng<br /> chii yeu van la gifl dn dinh tflPng ddi so tin ve doanh nghiep hay t h a m gia vao:<br /> vdi ddng ddla My, day cung la nhan td' "Hi thong thu vien Catalogue doanh<br /> quan trpng, giflp linh vflc xuat khau thily, nghiep ud sdn xudt hdng hoa tren thi<br /> hiii san tang trfldng dn dinh. Tuy vay, trudng Viit Nam" do P h d n g Thflpng mai<br /> budc vao nam 2008, vdi yeu td ty gia bien va Cdng nghiep Viet N a m (VCCI) va Bo<br /> ddng kha that thudng da la nhan td tac Van hda - Thdng tin (cii) phd'i hpp thanh<br /> ddng bat lpi ddi vdi xua't khau ndi chung lap. Day la mdt cdng cu hflu fch cho<br /> ciia Viet Nam, trong dd cd linh vtic xua't ngfldi tieu dung, cho cac cP quan hflu<br /> khau thiiy siin. quan va cho chfnh cac doanh nghiep<br /> (2) Lam phdt. Day la n h a n to' khdng chi Viet Nam va doanh nghiep nfldc ngoai<br /> anh hudng triic tiep de'n hoat ddng xua't trong viec Itia chpn san p h a m , tim kiem<br /> khau, ma cdn keo theo nhieu van de kinh dd'i tac, nghien cflu p h a t trie'n thfldng<br /> te - xa hdi nay sinh, bdi vay, muc tieu cua mai, dau tfl. Ddng thdi, mdt he thd'ng<br /> bat ky mdt Chfnh phil nao cung la kiem thfl vien dien ttl cung dflpc xay dflng va<br /> soat va kim gifl lam phat d mflc tha'p, tao ket nd'i i n t e r n e t . Hien nay tai "He thdng<br /> mdi trfldng t h u a n lpi cho cac doanh thu vien Catalogue doanh nghiep vd sdn<br /> nghiep yen tam siin xua't kinh doanh. phdm hdng hoa trin thi trUdng Viet<br /> Nhflng nam qua, lam phat p nfldc ta dupc Nam" da cd k h o a n g hPn 1.000 doanh<br /> kiem soiit khii tdt, tuy nhien, tfl nam 2007 nghiep t h a m gia (chii yeu la cac doanh<br /> lam phat bflng phat, gay trd ngai kha ldn nghiep x u a t n h a p k h a u mudn gidi thieu<br /> den hoat dipng xua't k h i u thily hai san. minh ra thi trfldng t o a n cau).<br /> <br /> <br /> 14 Nghien ctiu Klnh te sd374 • Thang 7/2009<br />  Xuat khiu thuy san<br /> <br /> <br /> 2.3. Moi trudng chinh tri vd ludt phdp chat IflPng san pham dfla tren nguyen tac<br /> Day la nhflng n h a n to cd tac dpng manh phan tfch va xac dinh cac nguy cP ya diem<br /> me den viec md rdng hay kim ham sfl phat kiem soat gidi han, n h i m dam bao an toan<br /> trien cung nhfl viec khai thac cac cd hdi ve sinh va ngan ehan tfl xa tat ca cac mdi<br /> kinh doanh trong thflpng mai qudc te. nguy tiem I n ve sinh hpc, hda hpc, ly hpc.<br /> • Vi moi trUdng chinh tri: nfldc ta cd Nhfl vay, de tham nhap thi trfldng nUdc<br /> mdi trfldng chfnh tri dn dinh, tao dieu ngoai, cac nha xuat khau phai chu y cac<br /> kien thuan lpi cho cac ddi tac lam an vdi nguy cP cd the lam cho hang hda xua't<br /> cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh hang thuy khau bi kem chat lupng, de tfl dd cd bien<br /> Siin tuan theo khudn khd luat phap Nha phap ngan ehan, tao cP sd day manh hPn<br /> nUdc. Vdi dudng ldi "Da dqng hoa, da nfla xuat khau trong hdi nhap kinh te<br /> phuong hoa cdc quan he kinh ti'ddi ngoqi, qud'c te. Tuy nhien, mdt thflc te la mac du<br /> Viet Nam mudn ldm hqn vdi tdt ca cdc hang thily san Viet Nam sau khi thu<br /> nUdc", Viet Nam da thiet lap quan he hoach cd chat Ifldng kha cao, nhflng do<br /> ngoai giao vdi hdn 170 nUdc va vflng lanh han che cdng nghe che bien va trong khau<br /> thd. Tren cd sd mdi quan he ngoai giao dd, bao quan da lam chat lUpng san pham<br /> da tao dieu kien t h u a n ldi cho viec hpp nhieu Id hang khdng dap flng cac tieu<br /> tiic, lien doanh, lien ket san xua't kinh chuan, them vao dd tinh trang chfla giai<br /> doanh gifla Viet Nam va cac nfldc, da md quyet dupc viec sti dung cac chat khang<br /> ra cho ciic doanh nghiep trong nfldc nhieu sinh, bPm tap chat da iinh hudng den chat<br /> cP hdi kinh doanh t h u a n ldi, trong dd dac lupng thuy san, khien cho hang thily san<br /> biet la linh vflc san xuat, khai thac va xua't khau thudng xuyen bi canh bao ttai<br /> xua't khau hang thuy san - vdn la the cac thi trUPng.<br /> manh ctia Viet Nam. Trong cac nhan td' tac ddng den xua't<br /> • Vi moi trUdng phdp ludt: hien nay, he khau hang thuy san cua Viet Nam, cac<br /> thdng luat phap nfldc ta tflpng ddi hoan nhan td ve mdi trUPng kinh doanh, cdng<br /> chinh, tuy nhien tinh ddng bp lai chfla nghe dang tac ddng rat manh den hoat<br /> cao, hieu lUc thflc thi cdn thap, cac chfnh dpng xua't k h i u mat hang nay cila nUdc<br /> sach, cac quy dinh ddi vdi hoat dpng xua't ta. Chfnh vi vay, viec tiep tuc tao ra mdi<br /> nhap khau thfldng xuyen thay ddi, thu trudng kinh doanh thuan lpi, dac biet la<br /> tuc hanh chfnh v i n cdn rfldm ra, quan kiem soat lam phat, cd chfnh sach ty gia<br /> hdp ly, hd trp tfch cflc cho ciic boat ddng<br /> lieu, nhflng bat cap nay nhieu khi da lam<br /> xua't khau cung nhfl kiem soat tdt nhap<br /> mat cd hdi kinh doanh ctia cac doanh<br /> khau, se cd tac ddng tfch cflc ddi vdi xuat<br /> nghiep. HPn nfla, dieu nay cdn dan den<br /> k h i u hang thuy san Viet Nam trUdc mat<br /> tinh trang vi pham cac qui dinh ve ve<br /> cung nhu trong tUPng lai.<br /> sinh, an toan thilc pham, d i n den trong<br /> mpt sd trfldng hdp bi mat uy tin tren mdt 3. Thilc t r a n g x u a t k h a u thily san<br /> sd thi trfldng xuat khau quan trpng cila ciia Viet N a m<br /> Viet Nam.<br /> 3.1. Tiem ndng thuy sdn cila Viet Nam<br /> ' 2.4. Dp an todn ve sinh thiic phdm<br /> Bao gdm nhflng quy dinh ve ngan ehan Ngudn lpi thuy sinh vat cila Viet Nam<br /> cd mdi nguy lam cho hang xua't khau rat phong phu, da dang va nhieu loai cd<br /> khdng an toan ve sinh nhfl: mdi nguy vat gia tri kinh te. Chi tfnh rieng cac loai sinh<br /> ly, sinh hpc, hda hpc. Tieu chuan an toan vat bien tfl nhien, thily san nfldc ta da rat<br /> ve sinh thflc p h i m la he thd'ng kiem soat phong phu (bang 1).<br /> <br /> Nghien cUU Kinh td sd 374 - Thang 7/2009 15<br />  Xuat khiu thuy san ..<br /> <br /> <br /> BANG 1: P h a n bo truf lildng va k h a n a n g k h a i t h a c t h u y s a n giufa c a c v u n g<br /> Ddn vi: tdn<br /> Triir lirgng Kha nang khai thac<br /> Vung bien<br /> Tan Tyle(%) Tain Tyle(%)<br /> Vjnh Bae Bg 681.166 16,5 271.467 16,3<br /> Biein Tmng Bg 606.399 14,7 242.560 14,5<br /> Biein Ddng Nam Bg 2.075.899 50,4 830.456 49,7<br /> Bien Tiiy Nam Bg 506.679 12,3 202.272 12,1<br /> Gd ndi 10.000 0,2 2.500 0,15<br /> Khu vgc khac quanh bien Ddng 300.000 5,9 120.000 7,25<br /> Tdng cpng 4.180.143 100 1.669.255 100<br /> <br /> Ngudn: Vien Nghien cuu hiii siin - Bg Thiiy san.<br /> Theo thd'ng ke cua cac nganh chflc nang, Moi trudng nUdc Id bao gdm vung nfldc ciia<br /> trfl Iflpng ca trong -vung them luc dia cd sdng, ven bien va rflng ngap man, dim pha.<br /> khoang 4 trieu tan, kha nang khai thac Day la nPi cfl tru, sinh san va sinh trfldng<br /> khoang 1,67 trieu tan/nam; trong dd: ca day cua nhieu loai tdm, ca cd gia tri kinh te cao.<br /> khai thac khoiing 856.000 tan/nam, ehiem Tdng dien tfch nfldc lp khoang 619 nghin ha,<br /> 51,26% kha nang khai thac; ca ndi nhd vdi nhieu loai thuy san, dac san cd gia tri<br /> 694.000 tan/ nam, ehiem 41,5 %; ca ndi dai kinh te cao nhfl tdm, ca nUdc man, nUdc lp,<br /> dflpng 120.000 tan/nam, ehiem khoang 7,24%. rong,... Dac biet, rflng ngap man la nPi nuoi<br /> Tuy nhien, theo danh gia cila cac chuyen dfldng chfnh cho au trung gid'ng hai san.<br /> gia thi trfl IflPng mdt sd' loai hai siin tieu bieu Theo td chflc FAG (1987) thi dien tfch rflng<br /> cd the khai thac hang nam tai vung bien kinh ngap man ven bien Viet Nam dang cd sil<br /> te dac quyen cila Viet Nam nhfl sau: ca giam sut manh, tfl 400 nghin ha xud'ng 250<br /> khoang 4.180.133 tan, tdm khoang 44.404 nghin ha. Do vung nfldc Id vfla cd y nghia san<br /> tan, mflc nang khoang 64.140 tan... Ben canh xuat ldn, vfla cd y nghia trong viec bao ve va<br /> nhflng ngudn lpi thiiy san tfl nhien, Viet Nam tai tao ngudn ldi, do dd, can thiet phai tang<br /> cdn cd tiem nang rat ldn trong viec phiit trien dien tfch nudi trdng thuy san d cac viing nay,<br /> nudi trdng thuy san tai cac vung nfldc ngpt ndi nhflng de tang dien tfch, thi bien phap hieu<br /> dia, nfldc lp ven bien va nfldc bien. qua nha't la chpn nhflng vflng nudi thfch hdp<br /> Moi trudng nUdc miin gdn hd la 'vung nfldc vdi ky thuat nudi tham canh, dieu nay ddi<br /> sinh thai quan trpng nhat ddi vdi ciic loai thily hdi phai cd quy hoach va chi dao san xuat<br /> sinh vat, vi nd cd ngudn thflc an cao nha't, do chat che. Ngoai ra, dieu kien ve khf hau, thdi<br /> cd Ciic cfla sdng, lach dem lai phu sa va cac tiet cua Viet Nam cung rat thfch hpp cho<br /> chat vd cP, hflu cP hda tan lam thflc an cho phat trien nudi trdng thuy san da loai, nhieu<br /> tdm, ca. Vi vay, vung nay trd thanh bai sinh loai hinh.<br /> san, cU tru va phat trien cila nhieu loai thuy<br /> san. Vung Ddng va Tay Nam Bd cd san lUdng 3.2. Ndng lUc khai thac, nuoi trong va<br /> khai thac cao nha't, cd kha nang dat 67% san che bien hdng thUy sdn xudt khdu cda<br /> lupng khai thac ctia Viet Nam. Vinh Bic Bp cd Viet Nam.<br /> tren 3.000 hdn dao, tao nen nhieu bai trieu ' Vi khai thde thuy sdn<br /> quanh dao cd the nudi cac loai nhuyin the cd<br /> Trong nhflng nam qua, san Ifldng khai<br /> gia tri cao nhU ngpe trai, hiu, sd huyet, bao<br /> thac thuy san cila Viet Nam khdng ngflng<br /> ngfl,...<br /> tang len (bang 2).<br /> <br /> 16 Nghien ciru Kinh teed 374 - Thang 7/2009<br />  Xuat l<br /> ~~~~-~-^____^^ Nam<br /> 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007<br /> Vung ' —-___<br /> Ddng bang sdng Hdng 8,6 8,7 9,2 9,4 9,5 9,4 9,5 6,55<br /> Ddng Bac 2,3 2,4 2,8 2,7 2,9 2,6 2,7 1,76<br /> Tay Biic 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,17<br /> Bac Trung Bo 7,3 7,2 7,3 7,6 7,3 7,0 7,1 4,99<br /> Duyen hai Nam Trung Bg 13,4 13,1 13,2 12,8 12,1 11,9 12,0 8,84<br /> Tay Nguyen 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,25<br /> Ddng Nam Bd 15,8 15,6 15,7 15,5 - 15,9 14,8 15,0 9,52<br /> Ddng bring sdng Ciru Long 52,0 52,3 51,1 51,3 ^ 51,7 53,7 53,1 67,91<br /> <br /> Nguon: Nien giam thdng ke - Tdng cue Thdng ke vii ti'nh toiin eiia tiic giil.<br /> <br /> Nghien cdu Kinh tds6374 - Thang 7/2009 17<br />  Xuat iihau thuy san<br /> <br /> <br /> San Iflpng thiiy san khai thac tang manh lUdng thily san nudi trdng cd xu hudng tang<br /> qua cac nam: tfl mflc 843,1 nghin tan nam 1992 nhanh hdn so vdi thily san khai thac.<br /> len 1.856,6 nghin tan nam 2003, nam 2004 dat Trong san lUpng thuy san nudi trdng, ty<br /> 1.940,0 nghin tan, nam 2005 diit 1.987,9 nghin trpng nuoi trdng d vflng nUdc man, lp ehiem til<br /> tan, nam 2006 diit 2026,6 nghin tan, nam 2007 44 - 46% va san lUpng nudi trdng thuy san<br /> dat 2.063,8 nghin tan. ehiem tfl 54 - 56%. Sfl phan bd' san lUpng thuy<br /> • Ve nuoi trong thuy sdn san nudi trdng theo vung mien: 2 vung Ddng<br /> Siin lupng thuy san nudi trdng tang nhanh b i n g sdng Cilu Long va Ddng biing sdng Hdng<br /> qua cac nam: tU 172,9 nghin tan niim 1992 len ehiem tdi 80%, rieng vung Ddng bing Sdng<br /> 425 nghin tan nam 1998, 844,8 nghin tan nam Cilu Long ehiem tfl 63% - 69% (giai doan nam<br /> 2002, 1.478 nghin tan nam 2005 va 2.085,2 2003-2005). Cac vung Bic Trung Bd va Duyen<br /> nghin tan nam 2007, dat td'c dp tang trUPng hai mien T r u n g do dieu kien thdi tiet<br /> binh quiln 18,9%/nam, cao gap 3 lln so vdi tdc khdng t h u a n ldi, dac biet la chiu anh<br /> dp tang trudng 6,3%/nam ciia siin lUpng thily hudng nhieu cdn biio trong nam, nen ty<br /> san khai thiic va ehiem tdi 52,26% tdng siin le san lUpng t h u y san nudi trdng kha<br /> lupng thtly Siin Viet Nam. Nhin chung, san t h a p (bang 4).<br /> BANG 4: Cd cau san lifpfng thiiy san nuoi trong phan theo v i i n g Ddn vi: %<br /> 1995 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007<br /> Ddng bang sdng Hdng 13,6 17,5 17,6 16,5 16,2 15,0 14,4 5,66<br /> Ddng Bac 2,8 3,7 4,6 4,0 4,0 3,1 3,2 2,09<br /> Tay Bac o.o.-s 0,04 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,04 0,04 0,04<br /> Bac Trung Bg 4,1 4,6 4,6 5,3 4,8 4,3 4,2 9,81<br /> Duyen hiii Nam Trung Bg 1,8 2,7 2,2 2,0 1,9 1,8 2,2 19,2<br /> Tay Nguyen 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,1 0,9 0,7 0,7 0,15<br /> Dong Nam Bg 7,5 7,3 7,8 7,3 7,4 6,3 5,7 21,2<br /> Ddng bang sdng Ciru Long 68,7 62,7 61,5 63,1 64,3 68,4 69,2 41,79<br /> <br /> Ngudn: Nien giam thdng ke - Tdng cue Thdng ke<br /> <br /> Trong nhflng nam gin day, nhieu hinh he thd'ng ciic cd sd che bien rdng khap cac<br /> thflc nudi trdng thuy san da dfldc ap dung, vflng mien va huy ddng sU tham gia cita<br /> nhfl: nudi thiim canh, biin tham canh, nudi nhieu thanh p h i n kinh te vao linh viic nay.<br /> ldng, be, nudi xen canh tdm - lua, tdm - vUdn, Theo Bd Thuy san, nganh cdng nghiep che<br /> dUa san lupng nudi trdng va khai thac ndi dia bien thuy san cua nUdc ta cd nhflng budc phat<br /> khdng ngUng tiing len. Ngoai tdm su, da xuat trien nhanh ve sd lUpng nha may cflng nhfl<br /> hien nhieu loai thuy siin nudi trdng cd san cdng sua't che bien. Den nay, ca nfldc cd 405<br /> lifdng hang hda ldn de xuat khau, nhU ca tra, nha may (che bien ddng lanh, che bien khd, dd<br /> ca ba sa, tdm cang xanh.... Hien nay, nudi hop, an hen,...), trong dd, cd 332 nha may che<br /> trdng thtly san da trd thanh nghe san xuat bien ddng lanh vdi tdng cdng suat cap ddng tdi<br /> phd bien trong ca nUdc va ehiem vi trf quan 1.800 tan/ngay. So' doanh nghiep che bien<br /> trpng, gdp phan dUa xuat khau thuy san tang thuy s i n dat tieu chuan nganh ve an toan<br /> nhanh trong thdi gian qua. thflc pham la 295. Nhin chung, cac cd sd che<br /> • Vd ndng hie chi bien thuy sdn xudt khdu bien thuy san xua't k h i u deu dupc nang cap,<br /> Che bien la khau quan trpng trong qua md rdng san xuat va xay mdi, dupc trang bi<br /> trinh san xuat, nudi trdng, che bien va kinh cdng nghe hien dai va d g i n vung nguyen heu.<br /> doanh thily SEin. Hien nay, nUdc ta da cd mdt Su phan bd' cac dia diem che bien nhu vay<br /> <br /> 18 Nghien cdu Kinh tesd374 - Thang 7/2009<br />  Xuat i