Angina pectoris

Đại Cương Là chứng đau vùng tim từng cơn do rối loạn dinh dưỡng của cơ tim, thường sẩy ra sau khi gắng sức, xúc động mạnh, bị lạnh. Gặp nhiều ở người lớn tuổi. Đàn ông và người lao động trí óc bị nhiều hơn đàn bà và lao động chân tay. Đông Y xếp vào loại ‘Hung Tý’, ‘Hung Thống’, ‘Tâm Thống’. Theo nhiều tác giả về tim học thì 90% trường hợp đau thắt ngực là hậu quả của bệnh nhiễm mỡ xơ mạch vành, do đó trong điều trị, ngoài việc cắt cơn đau cần chú...

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Unstable Angina and Myocardial Infarction (See also Chaps. 238 and 239) Patients with these acute ischemic syndromes usually complain of symptoms similar in quality to angina pectoris, but more prolonged and severe. The onset of these syndromes may occur with the patient at rest, or awakened from sleep, and sublingual nitroglycerin may lead to transient or no relief. Accompanying symptoms may include diaphoresis, dyspnea, nausea, and light-headedness. The physical examination may be completely normal in patients with chest discomfort due to ischemic heart disease.

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Angina Pectoris (See also Chap. 237) The chest discomfort of myocardial ischemia is a visceral discomfort that is usually described as a heaviness, pressure, or squeezing (Table 13-2). Other common adjectives for anginal pain are burning and aching. Some patients deny any "pain" but may admit to dyspnea or a vague sense of anxiety. The word "sharp" is sometimes used by patients to describe intensity rather than quality.

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Clinical Practice Guidelines According to the 1990 Institute of Medicine definition, clinical practice guidelines are "systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances." This definition provides emphasis to several crucial features of modern guideline development. First, guidelines are created using the tools of EBM. In particular, the core of the development process is a systematic literature search followed by a review of the relevant peer-reviewed literature.

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Hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD) are of great importance. Hypertension affects above 20% of the total population of the USA with its major impact on those over age 50. CHD is the cause of death in 30% of males and 22% of females in England and Wales. Management requires attention to detail, both clinical and pharmacological. The way drugs act in these diseases is outlined and the drugs are described according to class.

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Introductio: β-Blockers (β-adrenergic receptor antagonists) block the effects of catecholamines on signal transmission through β-receptors; they cause hypotension by decreasing the heart beat rate and cardiac output, and prevent the attacks of arrhythmia and angina pectoris. In the brain, the drugs attenuate migraine by suppressing the dilation of blood vessels; in the eye, they decrease intraocular pressure by suppressing the production of aqueous humor.

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Introduction: Alkyl nitrites are highly volatile organic solvents of aliphatic alcohol esters of nitrites [1]. Amyl nitritea, butyl nitrite and isobutyl nitrite are the representative alkyl nitrites; their boiling points are 98, 78 and 67 °C, respectively. Amyl nitrite is being widely used as a detoxicant for cyanide poisoning, because alkyl nitrites oxidize hemoglobin in erythrocytes to yield methemogloblin, which is bound with cyanide to inactivate it [1].

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