Anti-bacterial agents

FtsZ is conserved in almost all bacteria and is an essential protein for bacterial cell division. The cell division is prevented by the inhibitors against FtsZ’s functions. Thus, FtsZ is known as an attractive, and underexploited novel antibacterial target protein. The aim of this research is searching for new antibacterial agents from 72 plants collected in Central Vietnam.

6p vifaye 20-09-2024 3 1   Download

A green and simple approach has been successfully developed to synthesize chitosan/Ag nanocomposites using kumquat extract as a biological reducing agent. It indicates to be an ecofriendly and green method for the synthesis providing a cost effective and an efficient route for the chitosan/Ag nanocomposites’ synthesis. The prepared chitosan/Ag nanocomposites have been characterized by UV-vis, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. Result showed those chitosan/Ag nanocomposites have been obtained with average particle size ~15-25 nm.

10p abcxyz123_02 03-03-2020 28 2   Download

Cationic antimicrobial peptides are naturally occurring antibiotics that are actively being explored as a new class of anti-infective agents. We recently identified three cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides from chicken, which have potent and broad-spectrum antibacterial activitiesin vitro (Xiao Y, Cai Y, Bommineni YR, Fernando SC, Prakash O, Gilliland SE & Zhang G (2006)J Biol Chem281, 2858–2867).

13p inspiron33 26-03-2013 50 4   Download

Haem (protohaem IX) analogues are toxic compounds and have been con-sidered for use as antibacterial agents, but the primary mechanism behind their toxicity has not been demonstrated. Using the haem protein catalase in the Gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalisas an experimental system, we show that a variety of haem analogues can be taken up by bac-terial cells and incorporated into haem-dependent enzymes.

10p mobifone23 21-01-2013 56 4   Download

AlthoughL-amino oxidase (LAAO; EC 1.4.3.2) has been reported to be a potent antibacterial agent, the mechanism responsible for its antibacterial activity has not been identified. The present study aimed to identify the mechanism responsible for the antibacterial activity of Th-LAAO, an LAAO recently isolated from the extracellular proteins of Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323, at the same time as elucidating the nature of this enzyme.

14p cosis54 09-12-2012 42 4   Download

Adverse Reactions Adverse drug reactions are frequently classified by mechanism as either dose-related ("toxic") or unpredictable. Unpredictable reactions are either idiosyncratic or allergic. Dose-related reactions include aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity, linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia, penicillin-induced seizures, and vancomycin-induced anaphylactoid reactions. Many of these reactions can be avoided by reducing dosage in patients with impaired renal function, limiting the duration of therapy, or reducing the rate of administration.

9p colgate_colgate 21-12-2010 62 4   Download

Drug Interactions Antimicrobial drugs are a common cause of drug-drug interactions. Table 127-8 lists the most common and best-documented interactions of antibacterial agents with other drugs and characterizes the clinical relevance of these interactions. Coadministration of drugs paired in the tables does not necessarily result in clinically important adverse consequences.

8p colgate_colgate 21-12-2010 65 3   Download

Principles of Antibacterial Chemotherapy The choice of an antibacterial compound for a particular patient and a specific infection involves more than just a knowledge of the agent's pharmacokinetic profile and in vitro activity.

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Distribution To be effective, concentrations of an antibacterial agent must exceed the pathogen's MIC. Serum antibiotic concentrations usually exceed the MIC for susceptible bacteria, but since most infections are extravascular, the antibiotic must also distribute to the site of the infection. Concentrations of most antibacterial agents in interstitial fluid are similar to free-drug concentrations in serum.

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Inhibition of Protein Synthesis Most of the antibacterial agents that inhibit protein synthesis interact with the bacterial ribosome. The difference between the composition of bacterial and mammalian ribosomes gives these compounds their selectivity. Aminoglycosides Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, streptomycin, neomycin, and amikacin) are a group of structurally related compounds containing three linked hexose sugars. They exert a bactericidal effect by binding irreversibly to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and blocking initiation of protein synthesis.

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Harrison's Internal Medicine Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections: Introduction The development of vaccines and drugs that prevent and cure bacterial infections was one of the twentieth century's major contributions to human longevity and quality of life. Antibacterial agents are among the most commonly prescribed drugs of any kind worldwide. Used appropriately, these drugs are lifesaving.

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Sulfonamides Antibacterial sulfonamides have a rather high risk of causing cutaneous eruptions and are among the drugs most frequently implicated in SJS and TEN. The combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim frequently induces adverse cutaneous reactions in patients with AIDS (Chap. 182). Desensitization is often successful in AIDS patients with morbilliform eruptions but is not recommended in AIDS patients who manifested erythroderma or a bullous reaction in response to their earlier sulfonamide exposure.

5p konheokonmummim 03-12-2010 73 4   Download

Introduction: β-Lactum antibiotics constitute an important class of antibacterial agents being used extensively for both humans and food-producing animals to treat or prevent infections. The drugs occasionally cause human deaths due to anaphylactic shock during medical treatments, especially when they are parenterally administered without their prior intracutaneous tests. These cases are usually handled as medical accidents (malpractice), and subjected to autopsies and analysis of the drugs used. These antibiotics are composed of cephems ( Table 10.1) and penicillins ( Table 10.

8p bigbaby87 01-09-2010 103 6   Download