ATP and Energy

The aim of this project is to provide a summary of the current knowledge on energy recovery options from wastewater treatment plants sludge and/or biosolids. This covers technologies as well as data from case studies and research experimental results. The focus of the study is the ATP. The project methodology comprised two stages. The first stage involved a review of the current literature.

166p runthenight07 01-03-2023 12 3   Download

Chapter 22 "Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates" Metabolism and Cell Structure, ATP and Energy, Digestion of Carbohydrates, Glycolysis Oxidation of Glucose, Utilization of Glucose

70p kimtuoi2410 22-09-2015 64 4   Download

Certain amino acids, like glutamine and leucine, induce an anabolic response in liver. They activate p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) involved in protein and fatty acids synthesis, respectively. In contrast, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which senses the energy state of the cell and becomes activated under metabolic stress, inactivates by phosphorylation key enzymes in biosynthetic pathways thereby conserving ATP.

9p system191 01-06-2013 50 5   Download

Mitochondrial functional and structural impairment and generation of oxidative stress have been implicated in aging, various diseases and chemotherapies. This study analyzed azidothymidine (AZT)-caused failures in mitochondrial functions, in redox regulation and activation of the HIV-1 gene expression. We monitored intracellular concentrations of ATP and glutathione (GSH) as the indicators of energy production and redox conditions, respectively, during the time-course experiments with U937 and MOLT4 human lymphoid cells in the presence of AZT (0.05 mgÆmL)1) or H2O2 (0.01 mM) for 15–25 days.

7p system191 01-06-2013 46 3   Download

Mammalian adenylate cyclases are predicted to possess complex topologies, comprising two cassettes of six trans-membrane-spanningmotifs followedbyacytosolic, catalytic ATP-binding domain. Recent studies have begun to provide insights on the tertiary assembly of these proteins; crystal-lographic analysis has revealed that the two cytosolic domains dimerize to forma catalytic core, whilemore recent biochemical and cell biological analysis shows that the two transmembrane cassettes also associate to facilitate the functional assembly and trackingof the enzyme. ...

9p research12 23-04-2013 37 2   Download

Rad51 and disrupted meiotic cDNA1 (Dmc1) are the two eukaryotic DNA recombinases that participate in homology search and strand exchange reactions during homologous recombination mediated DNA repair. Rad51 expresses in both mitotic and meiotic tissues whereas Dmc1 is confined to meiosis.

10p inspiron33 26-03-2013 55 5   Download

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by multifarious dysfunctional alterations including mitochon-drial impairment. In the present study, the formation of inclusions caused by the mutation of huntingtin protein and its relationship with changes in energy metabolism and with pathological alterations were investigated both in transgenic and 3-nitropropionic acid-treated mouse models for HD.

16p inspiron33 23-03-2013 39 6   Download

Iron regulatory protein-1 binding to the iron-responsive element of mRNA is sensitive to iron, oxidative stress, NO, and hypoxia. Each of these agents changes the level of intracellular ATP, suggesting a link between iron levels and cellular energy metabolism.

12p galaxyss3 19-03-2013 34 3   Download

In vertebrates, phosphocreatine and ATP are continuously interconverted by the reversible reaction of creatine kinase in accordance with cellular energy needs. Sarcoma tissue and its normal counterpart, creatine-rich skel-etal muscle, are good source materials to study the status of creatine and creatine kinase with the progression of malignancy.

12p galaxyss3 07-03-2013 44 4   Download

Protein degradation in the cytosol ofEscherichia coliis carried out by a variety of different proteolytic machines, including ClpAP. The ClpA com-ponent is a hexameric AAA+ (ATPase associated with various cellular activities) chaperone that utilizes the energy of ATP to control substrate recognition and unfolding.

11p media19 06-03-2013 39 2   Download

An NADH oxidase (NOX) was cloned from the genome ofThermococ-cus profundus (NOXtp) by genome walking, and the encoded protein was purified to homogeneity after expression in Escherichia coli.Subsequent analyses showed that it is an FAD-containing protein with a subunit molecular mass of 49 kDa that exists as a hexamer with a native molecular mass of 300 kDa.

11p vinaphone15 28-02-2013 39 3   Download

To understand oxidative stress, we review mitochondria together. MItochondria Mitochondria consume over 80 percent of the oxygen we breathe and make over 90 percent of the energy our cells need to function. They use the oxygen in the air we breathe to release energy from food. This process transforms food calories into chemical energy, water, and carbon dioxide. The released chemical energy is then stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the universal currency of energy used by all life on earth.

4p truongthiuyen1 09-06-2011 68 5   Download