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Hypovolemia Etiology True volume depletion, or hypovolemia, generally refers to a state of combined salt and water loss exceeding intake, leading to ECF volume contraction. The loss of Na+ may be renal or extrarenal (Table 46-1). Table 46-1 Causes of Hypovolemia I. ECF volume contracted A. Extrarenal Na+ loss 1. Gastrointestinal (vomiting, nasogastric suction, drainage, fistula, diarrhea) 2. Skin/respiratory (insensible losses, sweat, burns) 3. Hemorrhage B. Renal Na+ and water loss 1. Diuretics 2. Osmotic diuresis 3. Hypoaldosteronism 4. Salt-wasting nephropathies C.

5p ongxaemnumber1 29-11-2010 63 5   Download