Biosynthetic steps
-
Human milk oligosaccharides (OS) play a key role in brain and gut microbiota development of the neonate, but the underlying biosynthetic steps of OS in the mammary gland are still largely unknown.
15p visilicon2711 20-08-2021 8 1 Download
-
Carotenoids play important roles in photosynthesis, hormone signaling, and secondary metabolism. Phytoene synthase (PSY) catalyzes the first step of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we aimed to characterize the PSY genes in tobacco and analyze their function.
18p vijichea2711 28-05-2021 13 1 Download
-
The gibberellin (GA) pathway plays a central role in the regulation of plant development, with the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODDs: GA20ox, GA3ox, GA2ox) that catalyse the later steps in the biosynthetic pathway of particularly importance in regulating bioactive GA levels.
19p vihashirama2711 21-05-2020 17 1 Download
-
Strictosidine glucosidase (SG) is an enzyme that catalyses the second step in the biosynthesis of various classes of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. Based on the comparison of cDNA sequences of SG from Catharanthus roseus and raucaffricine glucosidase (RG) from Rauvolfia serpentina, primers for RT-PCR were designed and the cDNA encoding SG was cloned from R. serpentina cell suspension cultures. The active enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Analysis of its deduced amino-acid sequence assigned the SG from R. serpentina to family 1 of glycosyl hydrolases.
10p research12 01-06-2013 41 4 Download
-
The clinically used beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces clavuligerus. The orf6 gene of the clavulanic acid biosynthetic gene cluster in S. clavuligerus encodes a protein that shows sequence homology to ornithine acetyltransferase (OAT), the fifth enzyme of the arginine biosynthetic pathway. Orf6 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli (at 15% of total soluble protein by SDS/PAGE analysis) indicating it was not toxic to the host cells. The recombinant protein was purified (to 95% purity) by a one-step technique.
8p research12 01-06-2013 31 4 Download
-
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is one of the most potent inflammatory mediators. It is biosynthesized by either the de novobiosynthesis of glyceryl ether lipids or by remodeling ofmembranephospholipids. PAFis synthesizedandcatabo-lizedbyvarious renal cells andtissues andexerts awide range of biological activities on renal tissue suggesting a potential role during renal injury.
9p fptmusic 16-04-2013 46 2 Download
-
The fernPolypodium vulgareis a phytoecdysteroid (PE)-producing plant. Cultures ofP. vulgareprothalus produce PE, whereas prothalus-derived callus cultures do not. However, this callus line can transform topically applied ecdysone (E) to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), which is the last step in the biosynthetic pathway of the main plant PE. This hydroxylation is cata-lysed by a cytochrome P450 enzyme.
9p fptmusic 12-04-2013 29 2 Download
-
2C-Methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate synthase, encoded by the ispC gene (also designated dxr), catalyzes the first committed step in the nonmevalo-nate isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway. The reaction involves the isomeriza-tion of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate, giving a branched-chain aldose derivative that is subsequently reduced to 2C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phos-phate.
14p galaxyss3 07-03-2013 43 2 Download
-
The linear biosynthetic pathway leading froma-ketoisovalerate to panto-thenate (vitamin B5) and on to CoA comprises eight steps in the Bacteria and Eukaryota. Genes for up to six steps of this pathway can be identified by sequence homology in individual archaeal genomes.
11p media19 06-03-2013 34 2 Download
-
Substrate channeling between the enzymatic steps in the (bacterio)chloro-phyll biosynthetic pathway catalyzed by magnesium chelatase (BchI⁄ChlI, BchD⁄ChlD and BchH⁄ChlH subunits) andS-adenosyl-l-methionine:mag-nesium-protoporphyrin IX O-methyltransferase (BchM⁄ChlM) has been suggested. This involves delivery of magnesium-protoporphyrin IX from the BchH⁄ChlH subunit of magnesium chelatase to BchM⁄ChlM.
13p viettel02 19-02-2013 30 3 Download
-
Neurosporaxanthin (b-apo-4¢-carotenoic acid) biosynthesis has been studied in detail in the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi. The genes and enzymes for this biosynthetic pathway are known until the last enzymatic step, the oxidation of the aldehyde group of its precursor,b-apo-4¢-carotenal. On the basis of sequence homology to Neurospora crassa
13p cosis54 04-01-2013 38 3 Download
-
The rhizome oil ofZingiber zerumbetSmith contains an exceptionally high content of sesquiterpenoids with zerumbone, a predominating potential multi-anticancer agent. Biosynthetic pathways of zerumbone have been proposed, and two genesZSS1andCYP71BA1that encode the enzymes catalyzing the first two steps have been cloned.
9p cosis54 04-01-2013 33 3 Download
-
As inhibitors of chitin synthase, nikkomycins have attracted interest as potential antibiotics. The biosynthetic pathway to these peptide nucleosides in Streptomyces tendaeis only partially known. In order to elucidate the last step of the biosynthesis of the aminohexuronic building block, we have heterologously expressed a predicted aminotransferase encoded by the gene nikK from S. tendae in Escherichia coli.
14p cosis54 09-12-2012 44 2 Download