Cancer cell metabolism

Oncogenic metabolic reprogramming contributes to tumor growth and immune evasion. The intertumoral metabolic heterogeneity and interaction of distinct metabolic pathways may determine patient outcomes. In this study, we aim to determine the clinical and immunological significance of metabolic subtypes according to the expression levels of genes related to glycolysis and cholesterol-synthesis in bladder cancer (BCa).

15p vielonmusk 21-01-2022 17 0   Download

Lactic acid produced by tumors has been shown to overcome immune surveillance, by suppressing the activation and function of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. The strategies employed to impair tumor cell glycolysis could improve immunosurveillance and tumor growth regulation. Dichloroacetate (DCA) limits the tumorderived lactic acid by altering the cancer cell metabolism.

12p vielonmusk 21-01-2022 7 0   Download

Peroxisomes are pivotal metabolic organelles that exist in almost all eukaryote cells. A reduction in numbers and enzymatic activities of peroxisomes was found in colon adenocarcinomas. However, the role of peroxisomes or the peroxisome pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not defined.

17p vielonmusk 21-01-2022 12 0   Download

Protein synthesis requires both amino acids, as precursors, and a substantial amount of metabolic energy. It is well established that starvation or lack of nutrients impairs pro-tein synthesis in mammalian cells and tissues. Branched chain amino acids are particularly effective in promoting protein synthesis. Recent work has revealed important new information about the mechanisms involved in these effects. Anumber of components of the translational machinery are regulated through signalling events that require the mam-malian target of rapamycin, mTOR. ...

12p tumor12 22-04-2013 34 2   Download

Anandamide is an endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptor and its protein-mediated transport across cellular membranes has been demonstrated in cells derived from brain as well as in cells of the immune system. This lipid is inactivated via intracellular degradation by a fatty acid amidohydrolase (FAAH). In the present study, we report that rabbit platelets, in contrast to human platelets, do not possess a carrier-mediated mechanism for the transport of [ 3 H]anandamide into the cell, i.e. cellular uptake was not temperature dependent and its accumulation was not satu-rable. ...

9p tumor12 20-04-2013 24 3   Download

The therapeutic effect of iron (Fe) chelators on the poten-tially toxic plasma pool of nontransferrin-bound iron (NTBI), often present in Fe overload diseases and in some cancer patients during chemotherapy, is of considerable interest. In the present investigation, several multidentate pyridinones were synthesized and compared with their bidentateanalogue, deferiprone

10p fptmusic 16-04-2013 26 2   Download

New technologies enable acquisition of large data-sets containing genomic, proteomic and metabolic information that describe the state of a cell. These data-sets call for systematic methods enabling relevant information about the inner workings of the cell to be extracted. One important issue at hand is the understanding of the functional interactions between genes, proteins and metabolites.

11p awards 06-04-2013 26 2   Download

Histidine-containing protein (HPr) is a central metabolic sensor in low-GC Gram-positive bacteria and plays a dual role in sugar uptake by the phos-phoenolpyruvate–sugar phosphotransferase system and in transcriptional control during carbon catabolite repression. The latter process is mediated by interaction between HPr and the carbon catabolite repression master transcription regulator, carbon catabolite protein A (CcpA), a member of the LacI-GalR family of DNA-binding proteins.

11p inspiron33 26-03-2013 48 5   Download

Enhancer of rudimentary (ER) is a small protein that has a unique amino acid sequence and structure. Its highly conserved gene has been found in all eukaryotic kingdoms with the exception of fungi. ER was proposed to be involved in the metabolism of pyrimidines and was reported to act as a transcriptional repressor in a cell type-specific manner.

14p inspiron33 23-03-2013 49 3   Download

In early studies on energy metabolism of tumor cells, it was proposed that the enhanced glycolysis was induced by a decreased oxidative phosphoryla-tion. Since then it has been indiscriminately applied to all types of tumor cells that the ATP supply is mainly or only provided by glycolysis, without an appropriate experimental evaluation.

26p galaxyss3 21-03-2013 44 4   Download

Hepoxilins are biologically relevant epoxy-hydroxy eicosanoids synthesized through the 12S-lipoxygenase (12S-LOX) pathway of the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. The pathway is bifurcated at the level of 12S-hydro-peroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HpETE), which can either be reduced to 12S-hydro-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) or converted to hepoxilins.

10p galaxyss3 19-03-2013 21 1   Download

Branched-chain lipids are important components of the human diet and are used as drug molecules, e.g. ibuprofen. Owing to the presence of methyl groups on their carbon chains, they cannot be metabolized in mitochon-dria, and instead are processed and degraded in peroxisomes. Several dif-ferent oxidative degradation pathways for these lipids are known, including a-oxidation, b-oxidation, and x-oxidation.

14p media19 06-03-2013 39 3   Download

Nur77 is one member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. As a transcrip-tion factor, Nur77 participates in a variety of biological processes, includ-ing T cell development, inflammatory responses, steroid hormone synthesis, and hepatic glucose metabolism. It typically acts via binding to the Nur77 responsive element (NBRE) in the promoter regions of its target genes.

14p media19 06-03-2013 48 4   Download

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies are often carried out to provide metabolic information on tumour cell metabolism, aiming for increased knowledge for use in anti-cancer treatments. Accordingly, the presence of intense lipid signals in tumour cells has been the subject of many studies aiming to obtain further insight on the reaction of cancer cells to external agents that eventually cause cell death.

14p vinaphone15 27-02-2013 28 3   Download

What is the highest possible replication rate for living organisms? The cellular growth rate is controlled by a variety of processes. Therefore, it is unclear which metabolic process or group of processes should be activated to increase growth rate. An organism that is already growing fast may already have optimized through evolution all processes that could be opti-mized readily, but may be confronted with a more generic limitation.

17p vinaphone15 27-02-2013 30 1   Download

Prokaryotes, yeasts and plants synthesize thiamin (vitamin B1) via complex pathways. Animal cells capture the vitamin through specific high-affinity transporters essential for internal thiamin homeostasis. Inside the cells, thi-amin is phosphorylated to higher phosphate derivatives. Thiamin diphos-phate (ThDP) is the best-known thiamin compound because of its role as an enzymatic cofactor.

9p viettel02 22-02-2013 32 3   Download

FE65 is a neural adaptor protein known to interact with a number of pro-teins, including Alzheimer’s amyloid b-protein precursor (APP). Although several different functions have been proposed for FE65, its primary physi-ological role remains unclear. We previously showed that APP can liberate FE65 from the membrane as a result of APP phosphorylation, and that the liberated FE65 translocates into the nuclei of osmotically stressed cells.

11p viettel02 20-02-2013 35 2   Download

Eukaryotic cells have to regulate peroxisomal metabolism to meet their environmental or developmental requirements. Therefore, the control of peroxisome number, which is mediated not only by proliferation but also by degradation, is an important cellular event. Here we briefly review stud-ies on the autophagic degradation of peroxisomes, a process now termed pexophagy.

6p viettel02 19-02-2013 33 3   Download

The efficient turnover of messenger RNA represents an important mecha-nism that allows the cell to control gene expression. Until recently, the mechanism of mRNA decay was mainly attributed to exonucleases, com-prising enzymes that degrade RNAs from the ends of the molecules.

15p mobifone23 18-01-2013 49 5   Download

a-enolase (ENOA) is a metabolic enzyme involved in the synthesis of pyru-vate. It also acts as a plasminogen receptor and thus mediates activation of plasmin and extracellular matrix degradation. In tumor cells, EMOAis upregulated and supports anaerobic proliferation (Warburg effect), it is expressed at the cell surface, where it promotes cancer invasion

0p cosis54 05-01-2013 44 2   Download