Expenditure approach

Ebook "A primer for the exercise and nutrition sciences: Thermodynamics, bioenergetics, metabolism" provides a fresh approach to the study of energy expenditure by introducing the latest concepts in open system thermodynamics and cellular to whole-body energy exchange. The carefully researched text advances traditional exercise physiology concepts by incorporating contemporary thermodynamic and cellular physiology principles into the context of a ‘working’ metabolism.

167p manmanthanhla0201 27-02-2024 2 2   Download

Ebook "At what price?: Conceptualizing and measuring cost-of-living and price indexes" examines the foundations for consumer price indexes, comparing the conceptual and practical strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of traditional “fixed basket” and COLI approaches. The book delves into a range of complex issues, from how to deal with the changing quality of goods and services, including difficult-to-define medical services, to how to weight the expenditure patterns of different consumers.

349p tuongnhuoclan 28-11-2023 7 3   Download

Ebook "Optimal redistributive taxation" presents the main and most important ideas in optimal taxation; comprehensive coverage, from early literature to Mirrlees' most recent macro public finance; numerical simulations provide clear explanation of computational and technical approaches.

506p loivantrinh 29-10-2023 9 3   Download

Low-value prescribing may result in adverse patient outcomes and increased medical expenditures. Clinicians’ baseline strategies for navigating patient encounters involving low-value prescribing remain poorly understood, making it challenging to develop acceptable deprescribing interventions. Our objective was to characterize primary care physicians’ (PCPs) approaches to reduce low-value prescribing in older adults through qualitative analysis of clinical scenarios.

7p vinobelprisen 26-03-2022 18 5   Download

The results show that FDI inflow crowds in private investment in this region. In addition, public expenditure, inflation, and population also promote private investment. These findings suggest some crucial policy implications for local governments in this region to receive more FDI inflows as well as promote private investment.

10p princessmononoke 29-11-2021 14 2   Download

Chapter 6 - Planning, the balanced scorecard, and budgeting. The goals of this chapter are: Describe the purposes, strategies, and approaches to budgeting; explain the process of revenue process planning and prepare the resulting budgets and schedules; discuss the process of conversion process planning and prepare the resulting budget; explain the process of expenditure process planning and prepare the resulting budgets and schedules.

15p lovebychance05 01-06-2021 15 1   Download

Chapter 8 - Purchasing/Human resources/Payment process: Recording and evaluating expenditure process activities. The goals of this chapter are: Describe the difference between the periodic and perpetual inventory systems and record inventory activities using each system, discuss the difference between the net price and gross price methods for recording inventory and record inventory activities using each method, explain the payroll reporting process and record payroll and payroll taxes,...

15p lovebychance05 01-06-2021 19 1   Download

Chapter 16 - Capital expenditure decisions. After completing this chapter, you should be able to: Use the net-present-value method and the internal-rate-of-return method to evaluate an investment proposal; compare the net-present-value and internal-rate-of-return methods, and state the assumptions underlying each method; use both the total-cost approach and the incremental-cost approach to evaluate an investment proposal;...

30p koxih_kothogmih7 29-09-2020 18 1   Download

This study aims to assess the most efficient combinations of vaccination and screening coverage for the prevention of cervical cancer (CC) at different levels of expenditure in Nigeria. An optimization procedure, using a linear programming approach and requiring the use of two models (an evaluation and an optimization model), was developed.

16p virose2711 24-09-2020 11 2   Download

Chapter 24 - Measuring the wealth of nations. In this chapter you will learn: How to calculate gross domestic product (GDP)? Why each component of GDP is important? What different approaches are used to calculate GDP? What the difference is between real and nominal GDP?...

11p koxih_kothogmih6 22-09-2020 15 0   Download

This article details the approach to minimize energy expenditures when using vehicle transmissions. This approach comprises certain mathematical simulation techniques which help to study and minimize energy expenditures of transmission unit systems.

11p lucastanguyen 01-06-2020 12 3   Download

The authors use the approach of autoregressive distributed lag model and Vietnam’s macro data in the period of 1990-2016, to evaluate the short and long-term effects of public investment on economic growth and private investment. The model evaluates the impact of public investment on economic growth and private investment based on the neoclassical theories. The public investment which strongly affects economic growth is also reflected by aggregate supply and demand.

18p nguathienthan5 03-06-2020 23 0   Download

In this study, we incorporate trade credit policy into a joint marketing and pricing problem in which demand rate depends on the length of the credit period provided by the retailer for her customers, marketing expenditure, and selling price.

16p tocectocec 24-05-2020 18 1   Download

This research was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the company’s capital expenditure. Data were collected from the firms listed on Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) over the period of nine years from 2010 to 2018, including the sample of 192 non-financial listed companies. Three statistical approaches were employed to address econometrics issues and to improve the accuracy of the regression coefficients: Random Effects Model (REM).

10p tozontozon 25-04-2020 23 2   Download

This research was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the company’s capital expenditure. Data were collected from the firms listed on Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) over the period of nine years from 2010 to 2018, including the sample of 192 non-financial listed companies. Three statistical approaches were employed to address econometrics issues and to improve the accuracy of the regression coefficients: Random Effects Model (REM).

10p tociitocii 18-04-2020 13 1   Download

Total factor productivity indicates the contribution of noninputs to the growth of agricultural productivity. In this study, the estimation of total factor productivity of millets in Karnataka and returns to investment in research in Karnataka is attempted. For the study, the time series data on the cost of cultivation was collected from farm management reports, published by Directorate of Agriculture, Government of Karnataka. The Tornqvist Theil index of TFP is used for measuring TFP growth. Regression analysis was employed to identify sources of TFP growth.

8p trinhthamhodang3 22-02-2020 22 0   Download

This ambiguity a ects the reliability of the results. Using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method with the data obtained from 43 Asian countries in the period 2004-2016, we estimate the impact of public expenditure on economic growth with a large number of explanatory variables included in the model.

24p viartemis2711 22-10-2019 14 1   Download

This paper reviews the relevant literature on the monetary approach that has long and widely been used to identify and measure poverty. According to this approach, a household is considered as poor if their income or expenditure is lower than the value of given poverty lines that are the absolute poverty line, the relative poverty line and the subjective poverty line.

8p vixuka2711 06-06-2019 16 0   Download

Learning objectives of this chapter include: Distinguish between the private and public sector approaches to project evaluation; explain the net present value approach to project evaluation and compare it with the internal rate of return and the benefit-cost ratio; show why, under ideal conditions, public sector projects should strive to maximise consumer (and producer) surplus;...

23p thiendiadaodien_8 24-02-2019 36 3   Download

Chapter 16 - Capital expenditure decisions. After completing this chapter, you should be able to: Use the net-present-value method and the internal-rate-of-return method to evaluate an investment proposal; compare the net-present-value and internal-rate-of-return methods, and state the assumptions underlying each method; use both the total-cost approach and the incremental-cost approach to evaluate an investment proposal.

30p thiendiadaodien_8 24-02-2019 36 2   Download