Gas gangrene

Clostridium perfringens causes a range of diseases in animals and humans including necrotic enteritis in chickens and food poisoning and gas gangrene in humans. Necrotic enteritis is of concern in commercial chicken production due to the cost of the implementation of infection control measures and to productivity losses. This study has focused on the genomic analysis of a range of chicken-derived C. perfringens isolates, from around the world and from different years.

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Gas gangrene is an invasive, fatal anaerobic infection that is characterized by acute, rapid evolution and high mortality. Gas gangrene is often secondary to open fractures with deep wounds but is extremely rare in the patients undergoing elective surgery.

4p vitennessee2711 01-02-2021 9 2   Download

Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of several diseases and enteric infections in animals and humans. The virulence of C. perfringens is largely attributable to the production of numerous toxins; of these, the alpha toxin (CPA) plays a crucial role in histotoxic infections (gas gangrene).

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Since the book "Gangrene: Current Concepts and Management Options" had been published in August 2011, certain advancements in the field have been observed and several important multicenter studies have been successfully accomplished. The presented book, second in the series, continues the discussion of many clinical, physiological, immune-and bacteriological, as well as socio-economic aspects of the complex problems pertain to diabetes-associated and non-diabetic gangrene management.

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Clostridium histolyticum collagenase is responsible for extensive tissue destruction in gas gangrene, and its activity is enhanced by calcium ions. The collagen-binding domain is the minimal segment of the enzyme required for binding to insoluble collagen fibrils and for subsequent colla-genolysis.

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Bacteria of the genus Clostridium are gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobes that are ubiquitous in nature. There are 60 recognized species of clostridia, many of which are generally considered saprophytic. Some of these species are pathogenic for humans and animals, particularly under conditions of lowered oxidation-reduction potential. Infections associated with these organisms range from localized wound contamination to overwhelming systemic disease.

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Cooney and Cooney International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011, 4:14 http://www.intjem.com/content/4/1/14 CASE REPORT Open Access Gas gangrene and osteomyelitis of the foot in a diabetic patient treated with tea tree oil Derek R Cooney* and Norma L Cooney Abstract Diabetic foot wounds represent a class of chronic non-healing wounds that can lead to the development of soft tissue infections and osteomyelitis.

4p dauphong13 09-02-2012 57 4   Download

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Lethal pneumatosis coli in a 12-month-old child caused by acute intestinal gas gangrene after prolonged artificial nutrition: a case report

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Diagnosis The diagnosis of clostridial disease, in association with positive cultures, must be based primarily on clinical findings. Because of the presence of clostridia in many wounds, their mere isolation from any site, including the blood, does not necessarily indicate severe disease. Smears of wound exudates, uterine scrapings, or cervical discharge may show abundant large gram-positive rods as well as other organisms. Cultures should be placed in selective media and incubated anaerobically for identification of clostridia.

9p colgate_colgate 21-12-2010 61 3   Download

Gas Gangrene (Clostridial Myonecrosis) Gas gangrene is characterized by rapid and extensive necrosis of muscle accompanied by gas formation and systemic toxicity and occurs when bacteria invade healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with clostridia. Although 30% of deep wounds are infected with clostridia, the incidence of clostridial myonecrosis is quite low. These infections occur in both military and civilian settings.

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Clinical Manifestations Intestinal Disorders Food Poisoning C. perfringens, primarily type A, is the second or third most common cause of food poisoning in the United States (Chap. 122). The responsible toxin is thought to be a cytotoxin produced by 75% of strains isolated from cases of foodborne disease. The cytotoxin binds to a receptor on the small-bowel brush border and induces a calcium ion–dependent alteration in permeability. The associated loss of ions alters intracellular metabolism, resulting in cell death.

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Harrison's Internal Medicine Chapter 135. Gas Gangrene and Other Clostridial Infections Definition Bacteria of the genus Clostridium are gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobes that are ubiquitous in nature. There are 60 recognized species of clostridia, many of which are generally considered saprophytic. Some of these species are pathogenic for humans and animals, particularly under conditions of lowered oxidation-reduction potential. Infections associated with these organisms range from localized wound contamination to overwhelming systemic disease.

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Spontaneous nontraumatic clostridial myonecrosis (gas gangrene). A man in his 50s presented with severe pain in the right upper extremity. Over several hours, he developed progressive swelling and discoloration in that extremity (A), with hemorrhagic ecchymoses and bullae (B). Gram's stain of aspirate from bullous lesions revealed gram-positive bacilli (C). The patient underwent amputation of the extremity. Tissue Gram's stain (D) also showed gram-positive bacilli, and surgical cultures grew C. septicum.

5p colgate_colgate 21-12-2010 70 2   Download