Genetic drift

The Colombian population, as well as those in other Latin American regions, arose from a recent tricontinental admixture among Native Americans, Spanish invaders, and enslaved Africans, all of whom passed through a population bottleneck due to widespread infectious diseases that left small isolated local settlements.

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Ebook "Evolutionary population genetics of drosophila ananassae" introduces readers to classical population genetics and the ways in which it can be applied to practical problems, including testing for natural selection, genetic drift, genetic differentiation, population structuring, gene flow and linkage disequilibrium. It provides a comprehensive monograph on the topic, addressing the theory, applications and evolutionary deductions, which are clearly explained using experimental results.

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Population-wide genotypic and phenotypic data is frequently used to predict the disease risk or genetic/phenotypic values, or to localize genetic variations responsible for complex traits. GPOPSIM is a simulation tool for pedigree, phenotypes, and genomic data, with a variety of population and genome structures and trait genetic architectures.

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Most eukaryotic genes are subject to alternative splicing (AS), which may contribute to the production of protein variants or to the regulation of gene expression via nonsense-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) decay (NMD).

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Genomic studies of endangered species provide insights into their evolution and demographic history, reveal patterns of genomic erosion that might limit their viability, and offer tools for their effective conservation. The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is the most endangered felid and a unique example of a species on the brink of extinction.

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Restrictions to gene flow, genetic drift, and divergent selection associated with different environments are significant drivers of genetic differentiation. The black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), is widely distributed throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans including along the western, northern and eastern coastline of Australia, where it is an important aquaculture and fishery species.

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The quality seed production in rice is ensured by different classes of seed involving Nucleus, Breeder, Foundation and Certified seed at different cropping stages attributing seed requirement of farmers at diversified and sustainable crop production of rice. In this regard, the maintenance breeding attributed as a foremost factor for wider spread of a particular rice variety. The chance of outcrossing and genetic drift were removed through sustained maintenance breeding to maintain the seed purity and thereby contributing to 30 to 40 per cent higher crop production.

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Transcription factor binding site (TFBS) loss, gain, and reshuffling within the sequence of a regulatory element could alter the function of that regulatory element. Some of the changes will be detrimental to the fitness of the species and will result in gradual removal from a population, while other changes would be either beneficial or just a part of genetic drift and end up being fixed in a population.

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Biến động di truyền ngẫu nhiên (genetic random drift), hay nói gọn là biến động di truyền, đó là những sự biến đổi ngẫu nhiên vô hướng về tần số allele trong tất cả các quần thể, nhưng đặc biệt là ở các quần thể nhỏ. Biến động di truyền là một quá trình thuần túy ngẫu nhiên, mang tính xác suất và tỷ lệ nghịch với kích thước quần thể. Trong một quần thể lớn, thông thường biến động di truyền chỉ gây ra một sự thay đổi ngẫu nhiên nhỏ. Nhưng trong các quần thể nhỏ, nó có...

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We have endeavoured to make A Primer of Conservation Genetics as com- This book is intended to provide a brief accessible introduction to the general principles of conservation genetics prehensible as possible to a broad range of readers. It is suitable for those undertaking introductory genetics courses at university, for students undertaking conservation biology courses and even for motivated first-year biology students who have completed lectures on basic Mendelian genetics and introductory population genetics (allele frequencies and Hardy--Weinberg equilibrium).

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Biodiversity forms patterns not just across space, but also across time. New species emerge, old ones become extinct; rates of diversification speed up and slow down. These long-term patterns in evolution get their start in the generation-to- generation processes of natural selection, genetic drift, and reproductive isolation. When a lineage of organisms evolves over a few million years, these processes can potentially produce a wide range of patterns (see ). Natural selec- tion may produce a significant change in a trait such as body size, for example.

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One prominent set of patterns from the cross-section has to do with medium-term momentum and post-earnings drift in returns. These describe the tendency for stocks that have had unusually high past returns or good earnings news to continue to deliver relatively strong returns over the subsequent six to twelve months (and vice-versa for stocks with low past returns or bad earnings news). Early work in this area includes Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) on momentum and Bernard and Thomas (1989, 1990) on post-earnings drift.

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As most readers know, evolutionary biology took off only after it was synthesized with population genetics in the 1920s and 1930’s (Fisher 1930). Mathematical treatments of allele frequencies that incorporated selection, drift, mutation, and migration made it possible to begin to understand the forces that shaped the genome. As Lewon- tin (1974) has noted, however, this theory developed separately from breeder’s theories about selection for phenotypes; the task of mapping changes in allele frequency to changes in phenotype remains a challenge.

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Population geneticists study the genetic composition and variability of natural populations as well as the theories that explain this variability in terms of natural selection, mutation, recombination, genetic drift and gene flow. Population genetics was first developed among eukaryotes in an attempt to reconcile Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection and Mendelian genetics. When Darwin postulated that natural selection is the main force of evolutionary change, a great controversy was created.

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. Học thuyết tiến hóa của Charles Darwin là học thuyết được chấp nhận rộng rãi (mặc dù có những tranh cãi). Thuyết tiến hóa này cho rằng sự sống của sinh vật chịu tác động dưới một áp lục gay gắt gọi là chọn lọc tự nhiên. Phiêu bạt di truyền (genetic drift) là cơ chế bổ sung về học thuyết này và được gọi là thuyết tiến hóa hiện đại (modern synthesis).

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