Mitochondrial DNA

Vietnam, a nation with a rich and complex history of migration and settlement, is home to 5 fundamental language families: Austroasiatic (AA), Tai-Kadai (TK), Austronesian (AN), SinoTibetan (ST) and Hmong-Mien (HM). Among them is the Austronesian, a language family substantial in island Southeast Asia (ISEA) but marginal in mainland counterpart (MSEA), constituted five Vietnamese ethnolinguistic groups. Here, we analyzed the control region, and the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 121 individuals from 3 AN-speaking populations (Churu, Ede, and Giarai).

10p myhouse01 09-11-2024 2 1   Download

Evaluate genetic diversity of Lien Minh chickens based on sequences of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region; determine the genetic relationship and the origin of Lien Minh chickens; identif genetic relationships between candidate genes and egg yield traits in Lien Minh chickens.

27p kequaidan7 01-09-2020 33 3   Download

Nitrogen monoxide (NO) is a cytotoxic effector molecule produced by macrophages that results in Fe mobilization from tumour target cells which inhibits DNA synthesis and mitochondrial respiration. It is well known that NO has a high affinity for Fe, and we showed that NO-mediated Fe mobilization is markedly potentiated by glutathione (GSH) generated by the hexose monophosphate shunt [Watts, R.N. & Richardson, D.R. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 4724–4732]. We hypothesized that GSH completes the coordination shell of an NO–Fe complex that is released from the cell.

10p research12 01-06-2013 49 3   Download

A severe challenge to the idea that mitochondrial DNA mutations play a major role in the aging process in mammals is that clear loss-of-function mutations accumulate only to very low levels (under 1% of total) in almost any tissue, even by very old age. Their accumulation is punctate: some cells become nearly devoid of wild-type mitochondrial DNA and exhibit no activity for the partly mitochondrially encoded enzyme cytochrome c oxidase. Such cells accumulate in number with aging, suggesting that they survive indefinitely, which is itself paradoxical....

7p research12 01-06-2013 27 3   Download

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion mutations accumulate with age in tissues of a variety of species. Although the relatively low calculated abundance of these deletion mutations in whole tissue homogenates led some investigators to suggest that these mutations do not have any physiological impact, their focal and segmental accumulation suggests that they can, and do, accumulate to levels sufficient to affect the metabolism of a tissue.

6p research12 01-06-2013 24 4   Download

Mammalian mitochondria contain strong nuclease activity. Endonuclease G (endoG), which predominantly resides in mitochondria, accounts for a large part of this nuclease activity. It has been proposed to act as an RNase H-like nuclease on RNAÆDNA hybrids (R-loops) in the D-loop region where the origins of mitochondrial replication are mapped, providing RNA primers for mtDNA replication.

6p tumor12 22-04-2013 38 2   Download

Despite the likely requirement for a DNA topoisomerase II activity during synthesis of mitochondrial DNA in mam-mals, this activity has been very difficult to identify convin-cingly.TheonlyDNAtopoisomerase II activity conclusively demonstrated to be mitochondrial in origin is that of a type II activity found associated with the mitochondrial, kineto-plast DNAnetwork in trypanosomatid protozoa [Melendy, T., Sheline, C., and Ray, D.S. (1988)Cell55, 1083–1088; Shapiro, T.A.,Klein,V.A., andEnglund, P.A. (1989)J.Biol. Chem.264, 4173–4178]....

14p tumor12 20-04-2013 28 3   Download

Termination of mitochondrial (mt) H-strand transcription in mammalian cells occurs at two distinct sites on the genome. The first site of termination, referred to as mt-TERM occurs beyond the 16 S rRNA gene. However, the second and final site of termination beyond the tRNA Thr gene remains unclear. In this study we have characterized the site of termination of the polycistronic distal gene transcript beyond the D-loop region, immedi-ately upstream of the tRNA Phe gene.

13p tumor12 20-04-2013 46 3   Download

The crystal structure of theSchizosaccharomyces pombe Holliday junction resolvase Ydc2 revealed significant struc-tural homology with the Escherichia coliresolvase RuvC but Ydc2 contains a small triple helical bundle that has no equivalent in RuvC.Two of thea-helices that form this bundle show homology to a putative DNA-binding motif known as SAP.To investigate the biochemical function of the triple-helix domain, truncated Ydc2 mutants were expressed inE.coliand in fission yeast.

11p fptmusic 16-04-2013 36 4   Download

The selective manipulation of the expression and replica-tion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within mammalian cells has proven difficult. In progressing towards this goal we synthesized a novel mitochondria-targeted DNA-alkylating reagent. The active alkylating moiety [(11aS)-8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,2,3,11a-tetrahydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c] [1,4]benzodiazepin-5-one (DC-81)], irreversibly alkylates guanine bases in DNA (with a preference for AGA tri-plets), preventing its expression and replication.

10p fptmusic 16-04-2013 33 4   Download

A search has been initiated for lead inhibitors of the non-structural protein 3 (NS3)-associated NTPase/helicase activities of hepatitis C virus,the related West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and the human mitochondrial Suv3 enzyme. Random screening of a broad range of unre-lated low-molecular mass compounds,employing both RNA and DNA substrates, revealed that 4,5,6,7-tetra-bromobenzotriazole (TBBT) hitherto known as a potent highly selective inhibitor of protein kinase 2,is a good inhibitor of the helicase,but not NTPase,activity of hepa-titis C virus NTPase/helicase. ...

9p fptmusic 16-04-2013 41 4   Download

Alterations in mitochondrial activity resulting from defects in mitochond-rial DNA (mtDNA) can modulate the biogenesis of mitochondria by mech-anisms that are still poorly understood. In order to study mitochondrial biogenesis in cells with impaired mitochondrial activity, we used rho-L929 and rho 0 143 B cells (partially and totally depleted of mtDNA, respectively),

25p fptmusic 12-04-2013 56 4   Download

The humanSUV3gene encodes an NTP-dependent DNA⁄RNA DExH box helicase predominantly localized in mitochondria. Its orthologue in yeast is a component of the mitochondrial degradosome complex involved in the mtRNA decay pathway. In contrast to this, the physiological func-tion of human SUV3remains to be elucidated. In this report we demon-strate that the hSuv3 protein interacts with HBXIP, previously identified as a cofactor of survivin in suppression of apoptosis and as a protein that binds the HBx protein encoded by the hepatitis B virus....

12p fptmusic 12-04-2013 39 3   Download

Whereas the majority of disease-related mitochondrial DNA mutations exhibit significant biochemical and clinical heterogeneity, mutations within the mitochondrially encoded human cytochrome b gene (MTCYB) are almost exclusively associated with isolated complex III deficiency in muscle and a clinical presentation involving exercise intolerance.

10p fptmusic 11-04-2013 35 3   Download

Eukaryotic genomes are composed of isochores, i.e. long sequences relat-ively homogeneous in GC content. In this paper, the isochore structure of Arabidopsis thalianagenome has been studied using a windowless technique based on theZcurve method and intuitive curves are drawn for all the five chromosomes. Using these curves, we can calculate the GC content at any resolution, even at the base level.

9p fptmusic 11-04-2013 42 3   Download

Three pairs of parental (q + ) and established mitochondrial DNAdepleted (q 0 ) cells, derived frombone, lungandmuscle were used to verify the influence of the nuclear background and the lack of efficient mitochondrial respiratory chain on antioxidant defences and homeostasis of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).

11p awards 05-04-2013 46 4   Download

Information on the regulation and structure–function rela-tion of enzymes involved in DNA precursor synthesis is pivotal, as defects in several of these enzymes have been found to cause depletion or deletion of mitochondrial DNA resulting in severediseases.Here, the effect of aminoacid106 on the enzymatic properties of the cell-cycle-regulated human cytosolic thymidine kinase 1(TK1) is investigated.

9p dell39 03-04-2013 52 4   Download

Peroxiredoxins belong to a family of antioxidant proteins that neutralize reactive oxygen species. One member of this family, peroxiredoxin I (PRDX1), suppresses DNA oxidation. Peroxiredoxin V (PRDX5) has been cloned as a transcriptional corepressor, as a peroxisomal⁄mitochondrial antioxidant protein, and as an inhibitor of p53-dependent apoptosis.

11p inspiron33 26-03-2013 46 4   Download

Five healthy adult female first-generation hybrid tree frogs were produced by interspecific breeding of closely related tree frogsLitoria splendidaand L. caeruleain a cage containing large numbers of males and females of both species. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences estab-lished the female parent to be L. splendida.

9p inspiron33 25-03-2013 38 4   Download

DNA polymerasec, a mitochondrial replication enzyme of yeasts and ani-mals, is not present in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Recently, DNA polyme-rases with distant homology to bacterial DNA polymerase I were reported in rice, Arabidopsis, and tobacco, and they were localized to both plastids and mitochondria.

20p galaxyss3 07-03-2013 55 4   Download