Modern biology

The case of homologous monomeric c-type and oligomeric b-type crystallins has been described and analyzed in evolutionary terms. Data and hypotheses from molecular genetics and structural investigations converge and suggest a novel three-phase model for the evolutionary history of crystallin-type proteins. In the divergent cascades of monomeric and oligomeric crystallins, a pivotal role was played by alterations in the gene segments encoding the C-terminal extensions and the intermotif or interdomain linker peptides.

9p system191 01-06-2013 41 4   Download

Modern tools in proteomics require access to large arrays of specific bind-ers for use in multiplex array formats, such as microarrays, to decipher complex biological processes. Combinatorial protein libraries offer a solu-tion to the generation of collections of specific binders, but unit operations in the process to isolate binders from such libraries must be automatable to ensure an efficient procedure.

10p vinaphone15 28-02-2013 38 2   Download

One of the most challenging questions in modern plant science is how plants regulate their morphological and developmental adaptation in response to changes in their biotic and abiotic environment. A comprehen-sive elucidation of the underlying mechanisms will help shed light on the extremely efficient strategies of plants in terms of survival and propagation.

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Exploring enzymatic mechanisms at a molecular level is one of the major challenges in modern biophysics. Based on enzyme structure data, as obtained by X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, one can suggest how substrates and products bind for catalysis.

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One of the most obscure phenomena in modern biology is the near genome-wide displacement of histones that occurs during the postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis in many species. Here we review the literature to show that, during spermatogenic differentiation, three major molecular mechanisms come together to ‘prepare’ the nucleosomes for facilitated disassembly and histone removal.

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*Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK. †Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. ‡Current address: Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada. §Current address: Facultad de Química, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universita de la Republica, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay. Correspondence: Rick M Maizels. E-mail: rick.maizels@ed.ac.

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Aidan Budd*, Stephanie Blandin*, Elena A Levashina† and Toby J Gibson* Addresses: *European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69012 Heidelberg, Germany. †UPR 9022 du CNRS, IBMC, rue René Descartes, F-67087 Strasbourg CEDEX, France. Correspondence: Toby J Gibson. E-mail: toby.gibson@embl.de reviews Published: 26 May 2004 Genome Biology 2004, 5:R38 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/6/R38 Received: 20 February 2004 Revised: 2 April 2004 Accepted: 8 April 2004 © 2004 Budd et al.

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reviews Address: Molecular Biology Institute, Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA. Correspondence: Christopher Lee. E-mail: leec@mbi.ucla.edu reports Posted: 29 April 2004 Genome Biology 2004, 5:P12 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/6/P12 © 2004 BioMed Central Ltd Received: 27 April 2004 This is the first version of this article to be made available publicly.

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Meeting report Genomic, chromosomal and allelic assessment of the amazing diversity of maize Virginia Walbot Address: Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. E-mail: walbot@stanford.edu comment Published: 28 May 2004 reviews Genome Biology 2004, 5:328 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/6/328 © 2004 BioMed Central Ltd A report on the 46th Annual Maize Genetics Conference, Mexico City, Mexico, 11-14 March 2004.

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Meeting report A burst of energy in metabolic disease research Jaswinder K Sethi Address: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QR, UK. E-mail: jks30@cam.ac.uk comment Published: 27 May 2004 Genome Biology 2004, 5:327 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.

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Published: 26 May 2004 Genome Biology 2004, 5:228 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/6/228 © 2004 BioMed Central Ltd reviews Abstract reports Healing wounds and developing tumors are both sites of dynamic interactions between a variety of cell types. Recent microarray studies comparing wounds and tumors have identified characteristic similarities in gene expression that may prove to be useful for assessing cancer prognosis and for choosing subsequent treatment.

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Published: 27 May 2004 Genome Biology 2004, 5:227 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/6/227 © 2004 BioMed Central Ltd reviews Abstract Separation of cell types and developmental stages in the Arabidopsis root and subsequent expression profiling have yielded a valuable dataset that can be used to select candidate genes for detailed study and to start probing the complexities of gene regulation in plant development.

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Eukaryotic genomes are full of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. Although most LTR retrotransposons have common structural features and encode similar genes, there is nonetheless considerable diversity in their genomic organization, reflecting the different strategies they use to proliferate within the genomes of their hosts. reports deposited research Transposons are mobile genetic elements that can multiply in the genome using a variety of mechanisms. Retrotransposons replicate through...

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Optimal use of genome sequences and gene-expression resources requires powerful phenotyping platforms, including those for systematic analysis of metabolite composition. The most used technologies for metabolite profiling, including mass spectral, nuclear magnetic resonance and enzyme-based approaches, have various advantages and disadvantages, and problems can arise with reliability and the interpretation of the huge datasets produced. These

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It happens all the time: a pharmaceutical or biotechnology company will spend ten years and hundreds of millions of dollars on a drug candidate that looks spectacular in animal models of a disease, only to see it fail during clinical trials, either because of unexpected adverse reactions in a small number of patients or a surprising lack of efficacy. For every drug that is approved, on average more than 6,000 new chemical substances are created. Only seven of these ever end up being tested in humans, and only three make it to Phase III clinical trials, the final step before...

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Published: 5 April 2004 Genome Biology 2004, 5:R37 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/5/R37 Received: 15 January 2004 Revised: 26 February 2004 Accepted: 11 March 2004 reports © 2004 Baerends et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and

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Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. †Frank M. Ryburn Jr. Cardiology Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ‡Center for Biomedical Inventions, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. §Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.

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Published: 16 April 2004 Genome Biology 2004, 5:R35 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/5/R35 Received: 7 January 2004 Revised: 23 February 2004 Accepted: 4 March 2004 reports © 2004 Bowers et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL....

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Center for Translational Respiratory Medicine, Gene Expression Profiling Core, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. †Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ‡Center for Translational Respiratory Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. §The Institute for Genomic Research, Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.

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Service de Conformation des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre de Biologie Structurale et Bioinformatique, CP 263, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bld du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium. †Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Expression des Gènes Eucaryotes, Institut Pasteur, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. Correspondence: Shoshana J Wodak. E-mail: shosh@ucmb.ulb.ac.be reviews Published: 30 April 2004 Genome Biology 2004, 5:R33 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://genomebiology.com/2004/5/5/R33...

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